I know this is an older question, but I wanted to post an answer for users with the same question:

    curl -H &#39;Cache-Control: no-cache&#39; http://www.example.com

This curl command servers in its header request to return non-cached data from the web server.

The `-H &#39;Cache-Control: no-cache&#39;` argument is not guaranteed to work because the remote server or any proxy layers in between can ignore it. If it doesn&#39;t work, you can do it the old-fashioned way, by adding a unique querystring parameter. Usually, the servers/proxies will think it&#39;s a unique URL and not use the cache.

    curl &quot;http://www.example.com?foo123&quot;

You have to use a different querystring value every time, though. Otherwise, the server/proxies will match the cache again. To automatically generate a different querystring parameter every time, you can use `date +%s`, which will return the seconds since epoch.

    curl &quot;http://www.example.com?$(date +%s)&quot;

Neither `-H &#39;Pragma: no-cache&#39;` nor `-H &#39;Cache-Control: no-cache&#39;` helped me.  In browser with &quot;cmd+shift+r&quot; (full reload) I was seeing a new version than the output of `curl` in terminal.

## How to debug for yourself
To get the exact same result, I went to browser &gt; F12 (Dev Tools) &gt; Network/Requests &gt; Right-click on the request &gt; &quot;Copy as cURL&quot; and got the **equivalent cURL** command to the browser&#39;s call.

Then, I pasted that in the terminal and started removing the params one by one, until I found that surprisingly `--compressed` was making a difference in my case. (Calling CloudFront AWS)

I&#39;m currently learning pointers and my professor provided this piece of code as an example:

    //We cannot predict the behavior of this program!

    #include &lt;iostream&gt;
    using namespace std;

    int main()
    {
        char * s = &quot;My String&quot;;
        char s2[] = {&#39;a&#39;, &#39;b&#39;, &#39;c&#39;, &#39;\0&#39;};

        cout &lt;&lt; s2 &lt;&lt; endl;

        return 0;
    }

He wrote in the comments that we can&#39;t predict the behavior of the program. What exactly makes it unpredictable though? I see nothing wrong with it.


What makes this usage of pointers unpredictable?

`paxPayment, ok = dataObject.(*entities.PassengerPayment)`

What are the brackets used for? I&#39;m not sure what is going on in this assignment operation.

Do you need any more details to answer this question?

Is this casting in golang?

Is there a way to tell cURL command not to use server&#39;s side cache?
e.g; I have this curl command: 

`curl -v www.example.com`

How can I ask curl to send a fresh request to not use the cache?

**Note**: I am looking for an executable command in the terminal.

How to call cURL without using server-side cache?

Is there a way to tell cURL command not to use server's side cache?
e.g; I have this curl command:
<code>curl -v www.example.com</code>
How can I ask curl to send a fresh request to not use the cache?
Note: I am looking for an executable command in the terminal.

I&#39;ve been using Docker on my PC to run Quantum GIS with the following instructions I&#39;ve found here: [docker-qgis-desktop - A simple docker container that runs QGIS desktop][1]

Everything has been running fine until last week when I started to get this error message:

&gt;     Error response from daemon: Conflict. 
&gt;     The name &quot;qgis-desktop-2-4&quot; is already in use by container 235566ae17b8. 
&gt;     You have to delete (or rename) that container to be able to reuse that name.

I&#39;m not entirely sure what this means despite searching for clues on this site. I hadn&#39;t changed anything prior to this happening and have been successfully launching the container with this command:

    sudo docker run --rm --name=&quot;qgis-desktop-2-4&quot;     -i -t     -v ${HOME}:/home/${USER}     -v /tmp/.X11-unix:/tmp/.X11-unix     -e DISPLAY=unix$DISPLAY     kartoza/qgis-desktop:latest

How can I fix this?

  [1]: https://registry.hub.docker.com/u/kartoza/qgis-desktop/



Docker error response from daemon: &quot;Conflict ... already in use by container&quot;

I have seen this question here: [Error in loading rgl package with Mac OS X][1] but there is no mentioning about installation error, which is my case. I cannot install `rgl` package, using this command in `R`:

    
    source(&quot;http://bioconductor.org/biocLite.R&quot;)
    biocLite(&quot;rgl&quot;)
The following error is displayed:
    
&gt;configure: error: X11 not found but required, configure aborted.
    ERROR: configuration failed for package ‘rgl’
    * removing ‘/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/3.2/Resources/library/rgl’

I checked this address `/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/3.2/Resources/library` and there is no `rgl` folder, so I cannot delete `aglrgl.so` (or `rgl.so`), which is the answer to the above-mentioned question. Can you please help me with this installation problem? Thanks.

  [1]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/9878693/error-in-loading-rgl-package-with-mac-os-x

Installing rgl on Ubuntu and Mac: X11 not found

This command gives me a list of _running_ container _IDs_:

    docker ps -q

Is there a command to get the list of _names_ of the containers?


Get Docker Container Names

I&#39;m generating an SSH key but I don&#39;t know how to copy the key from `id_rsa.pub` to the clipboard. I&#39;m using BackBox Linux.

Copy file contents to the clipboard in Linux terminal

I want to download an image accessible from this link: `https://www.python.org/static/apple-touch-icon-144x144-precomposed.png` into my local system. Now, I&#39;m aware that the `curl` command can be used to download remote files through the terminal. So, I entered the following in my terminal in order to download the image into my local system:

    curl https://www.python.org/static/apple-touch-icon-144x144-precomposed.png


However, this doesn&#39;t seem to work, so obviously there is some other way to download images from the Internet using `curl`. What is the correct way to download images using this command?

Ubuntu: Using curl to download an image

I want to write a shell script that does this:

*  First, create a tmux session
*  Second, run a ruby script called &quot;run.rb&quot; INSIDE the tmux session

In pseudo-code, what I want to do:

    tmux new -s my_session
    ruby run.rb     # NOTE: I want this to run inside the my_session tmux session.
    tmux detach

How do I do this? (More posts I read, more confusing it gets.)


How to write a shell script that starts tmux session, and then runs a ruby script

As part of a bash script, I want to check if a particularly docker image:tag combination exists on docker hub. Also, it will be a private repository.

i.e. the pseudocode would be like:

    tag = something
    if image:tag already exists on docker hub:
        Do nothing
    else
        Build and push docker image with that tag

Check if image:tag combination already exists on docker hub

How can I make this work?

    curl -XPOST &#39;http://localhost:9290/location/place&#39; -d &#39;{&quot;geoloc&quot;: {&quot;lat&quot;: &quot;38.1899&quot;, &quot;lon&quot;: &quot;-76.5087&quot;}, &quot;longitude&quot;: &quot;-76.5087&quot;, &quot;admin_name1&quot;: &quot;Maryland&quot;, &quot;admin_name2&quot;: &quot;St. Mary&#39;s&quot;, &quot;admin_name3&quot;: &quot;&quot;, &quot;postal_code&quot;: &quot;20692&quot;, &quot;admin_code3&quot;: &quot;&quot;, &quot;country_code&quot;: &quot;US&quot;, &quot;admin_code1&quot;: &quot;MD&quot;, &quot;latitude&quot;: &quot;38.1899&quot;, &quot;admin_code2&quot;: &quot;037&quot;, &quot;accuracy&quot;: null, &quot;place_name&quot;: &quot;Valley Lee&quot;}&#39;

The `&#39;` in `Mary&#39;s` is causing this to fail.  I am running it from a file like `cat curl-cmd.txt | sh` but it won&#39;t work from the command line either.  I&#39;ve tried using `\&#39;` and `\\&#39;` and `\u0027` (the unicode `&#39;`)

I&#39;m stuck



CURL escape single quote

I&#39;ve just installed Git for Windows 2.5.0 on Windows 7, and it appears that my `.bashrc` file is not being executed when I run Git Bash.

I created the file like so:

	Administrator@HintTech-Dev MINGW64 /
	$ pwd
	/
	
	Administrator@HintTech-Dev MINGW64 /
	$ cd ~
	
	Administrator@HintTech-Dev MINGW64 ~
	$ pwd
	/c/Users/Administrator
	
	Administrator@HintTech-Dev MINGW64 ~
	$ touch .bashrc
	
	Administrator@HintTech-Dev MINGW64 ~
	$ vi .bashrc
	
	[... I insert the line &quot;ZZZTESTVAR=234&quot; (without the quotes) into the file in vim ...]
	
	Administrator@HintTech-Dev MINGW64 ~
	$ exit

Yet, when I next run Git Bash:

	Administrator@HintTech-Dev MINGW64 /
	$ set | grep ZZZ
	
	Administrator@HintTech-Dev MINGW64 /
	$ cat ~/.bashrc
	ZZZTESTVAR=234
	
	Administrator@HintTech-Dev MINGW64 /
	$ ZZZTESTVAR=234
	
	Administrator@HintTech-Dev MINGW64 /
	$ set | grep ZZZ
	ZZZTESTVAR=234
	
	Administrator@HintTech-Dev MINGW64 /
	$

Why isn&#39;t my `.bashrc` being run?  It seems to be in the right place and have the right permissions.

Git for Windows doesn&#39;t execute my .bashrc file

i have to connect to a webservice, where a pkcs12 certificate is a must. the idea was to use curl in a bash script (under OS X, to be specific).

i have learnt that one of the few things curl cannot do in communication, is handling pkcs12 certificates (.p12). what are my options?

i have read that converting the certificate to PEM format would work (using openssl), however i have no idea how to tell curl that it gets a PEM and should communicate with a webservice requesting PKCS12 certificates.

converting pkcs12 to pem would be done like this (e.g.), it worked for me, however i haven&#39;t successfully used them with curl:

    openssl pkcs12 -in mycert.p12 -out file.key.pem -nocerts -nodes
    openssl pkcs12 -in mycert.p12 -out file.crt.pem -clcerts -nokeys

any hints? or, any alternatives to curl? the solution should be commandline based.


cURL with a PKCS#12 certificate in a bash script

I have multiple threads running the same process that need to be able to to notify each other that something should not be worked on for the next n seconds its not the end of the world if they do however.

My aim is to be able to pass a string and a TTL to the cache and be able to fetch all the strings that are in the cache as a list. The cache can live in memory and the TTL&#39;s will be no more than 20 seconds.

Does anyone have a any suggestions for how this can be accomplished?

Python in-memory cache with time to live

When I send a GET request twice with Alamofire I get the same response but I&#39;m expecting a different one. I was wondering if it was because of the cache, and if so I&#39;d like to know how to disable it.

How to disable caching in Alamofire

I realize this question has been asked, but in modern REST practice none of the previous iterations of this question nor their answers are accurate or sufficient.  A definitive answer to this question is needed.

The problem is well known, IE (even 11) caches AJAX requests, which is really really dumb.  Everyone understands this.

What is _not_ well understood is that none of the previous answers are sufficient.  Every previous instance of this question on SO is marked as sufficiently answered by either:

1) Using a unique query string parameter (such as a unix timestamp) on each request, so as to make each request URL unique, thereby preventing caching.

-- or --

2) using POST instead of GET, as IE does not cache POST requests except in certain unique circumstances.

-- or --

3) using &#39;cache-control&#39; headers passed by the server.

IMO in *many* situations involving modern REST API practice, none of these answers are sufficient or practical.  A REST API will have completely different handlers for POST and GET requests, with completely different behavior, so POST is typically not an appropriate or correct alternative to GET.  As well, many APIs have strict validation around them, and for numerous reasons, will generate 500 or 400 errors when fed query string parameters that they aren&#39;t expecting.  Lastly, often we are interfacing with 3rd-party or otherwise inflexible REST APIs where we do not have control over the headers provided by the server response, and adding cache control headers is not within our power.

So, the question is:

Is there really nothing that can be done on the client-side in this situation to prevent I.E. from caching the results of an AJAX GET request?

How to avoid AJAX caching in Internet Explorer 11 when additional query string parameters or using POST are not an option

I am using Glide in one of my projects to show image from file.

Below is my code how I am showing the image:

    Glide.with(DemoActivity.this)
         .load(Uri.parse(&quot;file://&quot; + imagePath))
         .into(mImage);

The image at this location(`imagePath`) keeps on changing. By default Glide cache the image it shows in the `ImageView`. Because of this, the Glide was showing the first image from cache for new images at that location.

If I change the image at location `imagePath` with some other image having same name then the Glide is showing the first image instead of new one.

Two queries are:

 1. Is it possible to always the image from File and not cache? This way problem will be solved.

 2. Is it possible to clear image from cache before getting newly replaced image? This will also solve the problem.

Remove image from cache in Glide library

How can I use `functools.lru_cache` inside classes without leaking memory?

In the following minimal example the `foo` instance won&#39;t be released although going out of scope and having no referrer (other than the `lru_cache`).

    from functools import lru_cache
    class BigClass:
        pass
    class Foo:
        def __init__(self):
            self.big = BigClass()
        @lru_cache(maxsize=16)
        def cached_method(self, x):
            return x + 5
    
    def fun():
        foo = Foo()
        print(foo.cached_method(10))
        print(foo.cached_method(10)) # use cache
        return &#39;something&#39;

    fun()

But `foo` and hence `foo.big` (a `BigClass`) are still alive

    import gc; gc.collect()  # collect garbage
    len([obj for obj in gc.get_objects() if isinstance(obj, Foo)]) # is 1

That means that `Foo`/`BigClass` instances are still residing in memory. Even deleting `Foo` (del `Foo`) will not release them.

Why is `lru_cache` holding on to the instance at all? Doesn&#39;t the cache use some hash and not the actual object?

What is the recommended way use `lru_cache`s inside classes?

I know of two workarounds:
[Use per instance caches][1] or [make the cache ignore object][2] (which might lead to wrong results, though)


  [1]: https://stackoverflow.com/a/14946506/2500411
  [2]: https://stackoverflow.com/a/32655449/2500411

Python functools lru_cache with instance methods: release object

Is it possible instruct cURL to suppress output of response body?

In my case, the response body is an HTML page, which overflows the CLI buffer, making it difficult to find the relevant information. I want to examine the other parts of the output such as HTTP response code, headers, e.t.c. - everything *except* the actual HTML.

cURL suppress response body

I am developing a code in c, which simply FTPs the files on FTP server by using curl utility, by following this 
[example][1]

now i have one simple thing to do, specify curl to use particular interface (IP) of the server for upload, as other interface of the server is associated with other socket connection.

is there any way to do it?


  [1]: http://curl.haxx.se/libcurl/c/ftpupload.html

Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	tokhi	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - Linux	stoicbaby	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 2 - Linux	wisbucky	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 3 - Linux	Aidin	View Answer on Stackoverflow

How to call cURL without using server-side cache?

Linux Problem Overview

Linux Solutions

Solution 1 - Linux

Solution 2 - Linux

Solution 3 - Linux

How to debug for yourself

Is this casting in golang?

What makes this usage of pointers unpredictable?

Attributions