How to call an async function inside a UseEffect() in React?

I would like to call an async function and get the result for my UseEffect.

The fetch api examples i found on the internet are directly made in the useEffect function. If my URL changes, i must patch all my fetchs.

When i tried, i got an error message.

This is my code.

    async function getData(userId) {
        const data = await axios.get(`http://url/api/data/${userId}`)
            .then(promise => {
                return promise.data;
            })
            .catch(e => {
                console.error(e);
            })
            return data;
    }
    

    function blabla() {
        const [data, setData] = useState(null);
    
        useEffect(async () => {
            setData(getData(1))
        }, []);
    
        return (
            <div>
                this is the {data["name"]}
            </div>
        );
    }

index.js:1375 Warning: An effect function must not return anything besides a function, which is used for clean-up. It looks like you wrote useEffect(async () => ...) or returned a Promise. Instead, write the async function inside your effect and call it immediately:

useEffect(() => {
  async function fetchData() {
    // You can await here
    const response = await MyAPI.getData(someId);
    // ...
  }
  fetchData();
}, [someId]); // Or [] if effect doesn't need props or state

Create an async function inside your effect that wait the getData(1) result then call setData():

useEffect(() => {
  const fetchData = async () => {
     const data = await getData(1);
     setData(data);
  }
        
  fetchData();
}, []);

If you're invoking it right-away you might want to use it as an anonymous function:

useEffect(() => {

  (async () => {
     const data = await getData(1);
     setData(data);
  })();

}, []);

It would be best if you did what the warning suggests - call the async function inside the effect.

    function blabla() {
        const [data, setData] = useState(null);

        useEffect(() => {
            axios.get(`http://url/api/data/1`)
             .then(result => {
                setData(result.data);
             })
             .catch(console.error)
        }, []);

        return (
            <div>
                this is the {data["name"]}
            </div>
        );
    }

If you want to keep the api function outside of the component, you can also do this:

    async function getData(userId) {
        const data = await axios.get(`http://url/api/data/${userId}`)
            .then(promise => {
                return promise.data;
            })
            .catch(e => {
                console.error(e);
            })
            return data;
    }


    function blabla() {
        const [data, setData] = useState(null);

        useEffect(() => {
            (async () => {
                const newData = await getData(1);
                setData(newData);
            })();
        }, []);

        return (
            <div>
                this is the {data["name"]}
            </div>
        );
    }

Since getData returns a Promise you could just use .then

useEffect(() => {
    getData(1).then(setData);
}, []);

You can still define the async function outside of the hook and call it within the hook.

const fetchData = async () => {
   const data = await getData(1);
   setData(data);
}

useEffect(() => {
  fetchData();
}, []);

Component might unmount or re-render with different someId before await is resolved:

const unmountedRef = useRef(false);
useEffect(()=>()=>(unmountedRef.current = true), []);

useEffect(() => {
  const effectStale = false; // Don't forget ; on the line before self-invoking functions
  (async function() {
    // You can await here
    const response = await MyAPI.getData(someId);

    /* Component has been unmounted. Stop to avoid
       "Warning: Can't perform a React state update on an unmounted component." */
    if(unmountedRef.current) return;

    /* Component has re-rendered with different someId value
       Stop to avoid updating state with stale response */
    if(effectStale) return;

    // ... update component state
  })();
  return ()=>(effectStale = true);
}, [someId]);

Consider using Suspense for data that needs to be loaded before component is mounted.