Use --help to see the docs of the test command:

    &gt;&gt;&gt; ./manage.py test --help   
    Usage: ./manage.py test [options] [appname ...]
    
    Runs the test suite for the specified applications, or the entire site if no apps are specified.

    [...]

    --noinput             Tells Django to NOT prompt the user for input of any
                          kind.

And use --noinput which defaults to destroying the test db;)


I&#39;m trying to get this exact example working on my website:

http://getbootstrap.com/2.3.2/javascript.html#buttons

However, simply including this HTML:

    &lt;button type=&quot;button&quot; class=&quot;btn btn-primary&quot; data-loading-text=&quot;Loading...&quot;&gt;Loading state&lt;/button&gt;

Does not work. I&#39;m running jQuery 1.7.x and have loaded the Bootstrap JS files.

To be specific: I want the button to move to the &quot;loading&quot; text change for a slight delay, then go back to the regular text. There doesn&#39;t seem to be a good example available online from my Googling (most are asking for a permanent state change or toggle), and the Bootstrap site itself is lacking in documentation here.

jQuery / Twitter Bootstrap data-loading-text button with delay

When I make an x509 certificate to encrypt and decrypt messages, I got some error information and could not able to fix this problem. Could someone ever happen to solve this bug? thanks.

Description: An unhandled exception occurred during the execution of the current web request. Please review the stack trace for more information about the error and where it originated in the code. 

Exception Details:

&gt; System.Security.Cryptography.CryptographicException: keyset does not exist。
&gt; 
&gt; Source Error: 
&gt; 
&gt; Line 53:             using (RSACryptoServiceProvider
&gt; rsaProviderDecrypt =
&gt; (RSACryptoServiceProvider)cerDecrypt.PublicKey.Key) Line 54:          
&gt; { Line 55:                 plainHashBytes =
&gt; rsaProviderDecrypt.Decrypt(encryptedHashBytes, false); Line 56:       
&gt; rsaProviderDecrypt.Clear(); Line 57:                
&gt; rsaProviderDecrypt.Dispose();
&gt; 
&gt; Source File:
&gt; E:\PayUSite\PayMvcApp\Controllers\HashMessageController.cs    Line: 55
&gt; 
&gt; 
&gt; Stack Trace: 
&gt; 
&gt; 
&gt; [CryptographicException: keyset does not exist. ]   
&gt; System.Security.Cryptography.CryptographicException.ThrowCryptographicException(Int32
&gt; hr) +41   
&gt; System.Security.Cryptography.RSACryptoServiceProvider.DecryptKey(SafeKeyHandle
&gt; pKeyContext, Byte[] pbEncryptedKey, Int32 cbEncryptedKey, Boolean
&gt; fOAEP, ObjectHandleOnStack ohRetDecryptedKey) +0   
&gt; System.Security.Cryptography.RSACryptoServiceProvider.Decrypt(Byte[]
&gt; rgb, Boolean fOAEP) +579

  
**source code:**

    string docFile = Server.MapPath(&quot;~/docx/DirectAccess_StepByStep.doc&quot;);
    HashAlgorithm hash = HashAlgorithm.Create(&quot;SHA1&quot;);
    byte[] hashedBytes;
    using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(docFile, FileMode.Open))
    {
        //compute message hash value
        hashedBytes = hash.ComputeHash(fs);
        hash.Dispose();
        fs.Close();
    }
        
    string hashedString = Convert.ToBase64String(hashedBytes);
        
    //encrypt message digest
    string priKeyFile = Server.MapPath(&quot;~/certificate/WosMiddle.pfx&quot;);
    X509Certificate2 certEncrypt = new X509Certificate2(priKeyFile, &quot;123456&quot;);
    byte[] encryptedHashBytes;
    using (RSACryptoServiceProvider rsaProviderEncrypt = (RSACryptoServiceProvider)certEncrypt.PrivateKey)
    {
        encryptedHashBytes = rsaProviderEncrypt.Encrypt(hashedBytes, false);
        rsaProviderEncrypt.Dispose();
    }
        
    //decrypt message digest
    string pubKeyFile = Server.MapPath(&quot;~/certificate/WosMiddle-pubkey.cer&quot;);
    X509Certificate2 cerDecrypt = new X509Certificate2(pubKeyFile);
    byte[] plainHashBytes;
    using (RSACryptoServiceProvider rsaProviderDecrypt = (RSACryptoServiceProvider)cerDecrypt.PublicKey.Key)
    {
        //***will throw error message here...***
        plainHashBytes = rsaProviderDecrypt.Decrypt(encryptedHashBytes, false);
        rsaProviderDecrypt.Dispose();
    }
        
    //verify message whether was modified
    string docFile2 = Server.MapPath(&quot;~/docx/DirectAccess_StepByStep.doc&quot;);
    HashAlgorithm hash2 = HashAlgorithm.Create(&quot;SHA1&quot;);
    byte[] hashedBytes2;
    using (FileStream fs2 = new FileStream(docFile2, FileMode.Open))
    {
        //compute message hash value
        hashedBytes2 = hash.ComputeHash(fs2);
        fs2.Close();
    }
        
    //compare hash value
    bool isEqual = plainHashBytes.SequenceEqual(hashedBytes2);

System.Security.Cryptography.CryptographicException: keyset does not exist

I&#39;m currently trying to automate Django tests using Hudson CI, and am struggling to find an option that will automatically destroy the test database if it already exists (typically it will ask for confirmation to destroy it, which the automatic testing obviously cannot provide for).

Any suggestions would be much appreciated!

Cheers,
R

How to automatically destroy django test database

I'm currently trying to automate Django tests using Hudson CI, and am struggling to find an option that will automatically destroy the test database if it already exists (typically it will ask for confirmation to destroy it, which the automatic testing obviously cannot provide for).
Any suggestions would be much appreciated!
Cheers,
R

I would like to slice a numpy array to obtain the i-th index in the last dimension. For a 3D array, this would be:

    slice = myarray[:,:,i]

But I am writing a function where I can take an array of arbitrary dimensions, so for a 4D array I&#39;d need `myarray[:,:,:,i]`, and so on. Is there a way I can obtain this slice for any array without explicitly having to write the array dimensions?

Numpy slice of arbitrary dimensions

I have a dict and would like to remove all the keys for which there are empty value strings.

    metadata = {u&#39;Composite:PreviewImage&#39;: u&#39;(Binary data 101973 bytes)&#39;,
                u&#39;EXIF:CFAPattern2&#39;: u&#39;&#39;}

What is the best way to do this?



Efficient way to remove keys with empty strings from a dict

I was following a tutorial which was available at [Part 1][1] &amp; [Part 2][2]. Unfortunately the author didn&#39;t have the time for the final section which involved using cosine similarity to actually find the distance between two documents. I followed the examples in the article with the help of the following link from [stackoverflow][3], included is the code mentioned in the above link (just so as to make life easier)

    from sklearn.feature_extraction.text import CountVectorizer
    from sklearn.feature_extraction.text import TfidfTransformer
    from nltk.corpus import stopwords
    import numpy as np
    import numpy.linalg as LA
    
    train_set = [&quot;The sky is blue.&quot;, &quot;The sun is bright.&quot;]  # Documents
    test_set = [&quot;The sun in the sky is bright.&quot;]  # Query
    stopWords = stopwords.words(&#39;english&#39;)
    
    vectorizer = CountVectorizer(stop_words = stopWords)
    #print vectorizer
    transformer = TfidfTransformer()
    #print transformer
    
    trainVectorizerArray = vectorizer.fit_transform(train_set).toarray()
    testVectorizerArray = vectorizer.transform(test_set).toarray()
    print &#39;Fit Vectorizer to train set&#39;, trainVectorizerArray
    print &#39;Transform Vectorizer to test set&#39;, testVectorizerArray
    
    transformer.fit(trainVectorizerArray)
    print
    print transformer.transform(trainVectorizerArray).toarray()
    
    transformer.fit(testVectorizerArray)
    print 
    tfidf = transformer.transform(testVectorizerArray)
    print tfidf.todense()

as a result of the above code I have the following matrix

    Fit Vectorizer to train set [[1 0 1 0]
     [0 1 0 1]]
    Transform Vectorizer to test set [[0 1 1 1]]
    
    [[ 0.70710678  0.          0.70710678  0.        ]
     [ 0.          0.70710678  0.          0.70710678]]
    
    [[ 0.          0.57735027  0.57735027  0.57735027]]

I am not sure how to use this output in order to calculate cosine similarity, I know how to implement cosine similarity with respect to two vectors of similar length but here I am not sure how to identify the two vectors.

  [1]: http://blog.christianperone.com/?p=1589
  [2]: http://blog.christianperone.com/?p=1747
  [3]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/11911469/tfidf-for-search-queries

Python: tf-idf-cosine: to find document similarity

Is there a Python function similar to the expand.grid() function in R ? Thanks in advance.

(EDIT) Below are the description of this R function and an example.

    Create a Data Frame from All Combinations of Factors
    
    Description:
    
         Create a data frame from all combinations of the supplied vectors
         or factors.  

    &gt; x &lt;- 1:3
    &gt; y &lt;- 1:3
    &gt; expand.grid(x,y)
      Var1 Var2
    1    1    1
    2    2    1
    3    3    1
    4    1    2
    5    2    2
    6    3    2
    7    1    3
    8    2    3
    9    3    3

(EDIT2) Below is an example with the rpy package. I would like to get the same output object but without using R :

    &gt;&gt;&gt; from rpy import *
    &gt;&gt;&gt; a = [1,2,3]
    &gt;&gt;&gt; b = [5,7,9]
    &gt;&gt;&gt; r.assign(&quot;a&quot;,a)
    [1, 2, 3]
    &gt;&gt;&gt; r.assign(&quot;b&quot;,b)
    [5, 7, 9]
    &gt;&gt;&gt; r(&quot;expand.grid(a,b)&quot;)
    {&#39;Var1&#39;: [1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3], &#39;Var2&#39;: [5, 5, 5, 7, 7, 7, 9, 9, 9]}

**EDIT 02/09/2012:** I&#39;m really lost with Python. Lev Levitsky&#39;s code given in his answer does not work for me:

    &gt;&gt;&gt; a = [1,2,3]
    &gt;&gt;&gt; b = [5,7,9]
    &gt;&gt;&gt; expandgrid(a, b)
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File &quot;&lt;stdin&gt;&quot;, line 1, in &lt;module&gt;
      File &quot;&lt;stdin&gt;&quot;, line 2, in expandgrid
    NameError: global name &#39;itertools&#39; is not defined

However the itertools module seems to be installed (typing `from itertools import *` does not return any error message)

R expand.grid() function in Python

The [assertAlmostEqual(x, y)][1] method in [Python&#39;s unit testing framework][2] tests whether `x` and `y` are approximately equal assuming they are floats.

The problem with `assertAlmostEqual()` is that it only works on floats. I&#39;m looking for a method like `assertAlmostEqual()` which works on lists of floats, sets of floats, dictionaries of floats, tuples of floats, lists of tuples of floats, sets of lists of floats, etc.

For instance, let `x = 0.1234567890`, `y = 0.1234567891`. `x` and `y` are almost equal because they agree on each and every digit except for the last one. Therefore `self.assertAlmostEqual(x, y)` is `True` because `assertAlmostEqual()` works for floats.

I&#39;m looking for a more generic `assertAlmostEquals()` which also evaluates the following calls to `True`:

 - `self.assertAlmostEqual_generic([x, x, x], [y, y, y])`.
 - `self.assertAlmostEqual_generic({1: x, 2: x, 3: x}, {1: y, 2: y, 3: y})`.
 - `self.assertAlmostEqual_generic([(x,x)], [(y,y)])`.

Is there such a method or do I have to implement it myself?

**Clarifications:**

 - `assertAlmostEquals()` has an optional parameter named `places` and the numbers are compared by computing the difference rounded to number of decimal `places`. By default `places=7`, hence `self.assertAlmostEqual(0.5, 0.4)` is False while `self.assertAlmostEqual(0.12345678, 0.12345679)` is True. My speculative `assertAlmostEqual_generic()` should have the same functionality.

 - Two lists are considered almost equal if they have almost equal numbers in exactly the same order. formally, `for i in range(n): self.assertAlmostEqual(list1[i], list2[i])`.

 - Similarly, two sets are considered almost equal if they can be converted to almost equal lists (by assigning an order to each set).

 - Similarly, two dictionaries are considered almost equal if the key set of each dictionary is almost equal to the key set of the other dictionary, and for each such almost equal key pair there&#39;s a corresponding almost equal value.

 - In general: I consider two collections almost equal if they&#39;re equal except for some corresponding floats which are just almost equal to each other. In other words, I would like to really compare objects but with a low (customized) precision when comparing floats along the way.

  [1]: http://docs.python.org/library/unittest.html#unittest.TestCase.assertAlmostEqual
  [2]: http://docs.python.org/library/unittest.html

assertAlmostEqual in Python unit-test for collections of floats

I want to select last 50 rows from MySQL database within column named **id** which is **primary key**. Goal is that the rows should be sorted by **id** in **ASC** order, that’s why this query isn’t working 

    SELECT 
        *
    FROM
        `table`
    ORDER BY id DESC
    LIMIT 50;

Also it’s remarkable that rows could be manipulated (deleted) and that’s why following query isn’t working either

    SELECT 
        *
    FROM
        `table`
    WHERE
        id &gt; ((SELECT 
                MAX(id)
            FROM
                chat) - 50)
    ORDER BY id ASC;

**Question**: How is it possible to retrieve last N rows from MySQL database that can be manipulated and be in ASC order ?

Select last N rows from MySQL

I created a database with the name of `hrms`. Now I need to change database name to `sunhrm`. But, It is disabled in MySQL workbench. Can I do that on the Linux server itself?

Rename MySQL database

What is the best method to copy the data from a table in one database to a table in another database when the databases are under different users?


I know that I can use

    INSERT INTO database2.table2 SELECT * from database1.table1

But here the problem is that both `database1` and `database2` are under different MySQL users. So `user1` can access `database1` only and `user2` can access `database2` only. Any idea?


Easiest way to copy a table from one database to another?

I am trying to figure out what the difference is between ORM and ODM, as far as I understand the concept, ORM (Object Relational Mapper) maps the relations between data, where as ODM (Object Document Mapper) deals with documents. Am I right in assuming that mySQL is an example of ORM and MongoDB is a example of ODM?

As I am sure you can see, I am not too familiar with the theory of the concept. Could someone please clarify the differences between the two?

What is the difference between an ORM and an ODM?

Sorry for that noob question but is there any real needs to use one-to-one relationship with tables in your database? You can implement all necessary fields inside one table. Even if data becomes very large you can enumerate column names that you need in `SELECT` statement instead of using `SELECT *`. When do you really need this separation?

When I should use one to one relationship?

I have a model something like this:

```python
class Task(models.Model):
    progress = models.PositiveIntegerField()
    estimated_days = models.PositiveIntegerField()
```

Now I would like to do a calculation `Sum(progress * estimated_days)` on the database level. Using Django Aggregation I can have the sum for each field but not the summation of multiplication of fields. 

Django Aggregation: Summation of Multiplication of two fields

Is there a way (without using a form) to access a model fields choices value?

I want to do something like `field.choices` and get the list of values either in a view or template.

How to access Django&#39;s field.choices?

I have a django application which has two models like this:

    class MyModel(models.Model):
        name = models.CharField()
        country = models.ForeignKey(&#39;Country&#39;)

    class Country(models.Model):
        code2 = models.CharField(max_length=2, primary_key=True)
        name = models.CharField()


The admin class for `MyModel` looks like this:

    class MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
        list_display = (&#39;name&#39;, &#39;country&#39;,)
        list_filter = (&#39;country&#39;,)
    admin.site.register(models.MyModel, MyModelAdmin)

The `Country` table contains ~250 countries. Only a handful of countries are actually referenced by some `MyModel` instance.

The problem is that the list filter in the django admin **lists ALL countries** in the filter panel. Listing all countries (and not just those that are referenced by an instance) pretty much defeats the purpose of having the list filter in this case.

Is there some to only display the countries referenced by `MyModel` as choices in the list filter? (I use Django 1.3.)

Can I make list_filter in django admin to only show referenced ForeignKeys?

I have a django project with the django-allauth app. I need to collect additional data from the user at signup. I came across a similar [question here][1]  but unfortunately, no one answered the profile customization part.

Per [the documentation provided for `django-allauth`][2]:

&gt; ### `ACCOUNT_SIGNUP_FORM_CLASS` (=`None`)
&gt;
&gt; A string pointing to a custom form class (e.g. `‘myapp.forms.SignupForm’`) that is used during signup to ask the user for additional input (e.g. newsletter signup, birth date). This class should implement a `‘save’` method, accepting the newly signed up user as its only parameter.

I am new to django and am struggling with this. Can someone provide an example of such a custom form class? Do I need to add a model class as well with a link to the user object like [this][3]  ? 


  [1]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/8477530/how-to-access-user-names-and-profiles-with-django-allauth
  [2]: http://django-allauth.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration.html
  [3]: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/auth/#storing-additional-information-about-users

How to customize user profile when using django-allauth

I would like to filter my model on the basis of the length of the text
Something like 

    MyModel.objects.filter(len(text) &gt; 10)

where text is a Char or Text field in MyModel model



django filter on the basis of text length

I would like to write an automated testing suite for a REST API. As we complete new services, we&#39;d like to check to make sure all the previously created services are working as expected. Any suggestions on the best tools to use to accomplish this? I know tools like Apigee exist that allow you to test 1 service at a time, but we&#39;d like for a way to test all services with the click of a button.

Automated testing for REST Api

Why there is no `IDbContext` interface in the Entity Framework? Wouldn&#39;t it be easier to test things if there was an existing interface with methods like SaveChanges() etc. from which you could derive your custom database context interface?

    public interface ICustomDbContext : IDbContext
    {
        // add entity set properties to existing set of methods in IDbContext
        IDbSet&lt;SomeEntity&gt; SomeEntities { get; }
    }

Why DbContext doesn&#39;t implement IDbContext interface?

I have just watched a [Railscast](http://railscasts.com/episodes/327-minitest-with-rails) for Minitest.  

What are the pros and cons for using RSpec vs Minitest for testing a rails app? Which features will I lose converting from RSpec to Minitest?

Minitest and Rspec

And if this is possible, what is the syntax for this?

Is it possible to mark a test as pending in MiniTest?

I have a string array and one string. I&#39;d like to test this string against the array values and apply a condition the result - if the array contains the string do &quot;A&quot;, else do &quot;B&quot;.

How can I do that?


How to check if a string array contains one string in JavaScript?

The horror stories I found while searching for an answer for this one...

OK, I have a .sh script which pretty much does everything Jenkins supposed to do:

 - checks out sources from SVN
 - build the project
 - deploys the project
 - cleans after itself

So in Jenkins I only have to &#39;build&#39; the project by running the script in an Execute Shell command.
 The script is ran (the sources are downloaded, the project is build/deploy) but then it marks the build as a failure:
Build step &#39;Execute shell&#39; marked build as failure
Even if the script was successfully ran! I tried closing the script with:

 - exit 0 (still marks it as failure)
 - exit 1 (marks it as failure, as expected)
 - no exit command at all (marks it as failure)

When, how and why does Execute Shell mark my build as a failure?

How/When does Execute Shell mark a build as failure in Jenkins?

Recently, in our company, we decided to use _Ansible_ for deployment and continuous integration. But when I started using Ansible I didn&#39;t find modules for building Java projects with Maven, or modules for running JUnit tests, or JMeter tests. 

So, I&#39;m in a doubtful state: it may be I&#39;m using Ansible in a wrong way. 

When I looked at Jenkins, it can do things like build, run tests, deploy. The missing thing in Hudson is creating/deleting an instance in cloud environments like AWS.

So, in general, for what purposes do we need to use Ansible/Jenkins? For CI do I need to use a combination of Ansible and Jenkins?

Please throw some light on correct usage of Ansible. 

Is Ansible a replacement for a CI tool like Hudson/Jenkins?

Does anyone know how to increase the the timeout window before Jenkins logs out a user?  I&#39;m looking to raise it to 1 day or so.

I work in and out jenkins all day and we keep getting logged out between running of jobs.  Added to this frustration, the &#39;stay logged in&#39; checkbox doesn&#39;t seem to work either.

Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	Ric W	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - Python	jpic	View Answer on Stackoverflow

How to automatically destroy django test database

Python Problem Overview

Python Solutions

Solution 1 - Python

System.Security.Cryptography.CryptographicException: keyset does not exist

jQuery / Twitter Bootstrap data-loading-text button with delay

Attributions