Hit &lt;kbd&gt;ctrl&lt;/kbd&gt;+&lt;kbd&gt;alt&lt;/kbd&gt;+&lt;kbd&gt;c&lt;/kbd&gt; twice (shows `Extract Constant` dialog) 

 
hit &lt;kbd&gt;alt&lt;/kbd&gt;+&lt;kbd&gt;v&lt;/kbd&gt; (set default `Visibility` to `Private`)

hit &lt;kbd&gt;enter&lt;/kbd&gt;

Done :)  The private scope is set default - so you can use constant extraction as before, to change default scope simply repeat steps above with choosing different scope. 

Try this:

&gt; If the Enable in place refactorings check box is cleared on the Editor
&gt; settings, the Extract Constant refactoring is performed by means of
&gt; the Extract Constant Dialog dialog box.

http://www.jetbrains.com/idea/webhelp/extract-constant.html

Extract Constant Dialog allows choose the appropriate scope of constant

Settings -&gt; Editors -&gt; Enable Place refactoring

I wish to write a webservice which serves lists of JSON objects.  Is it valid JSON to return the following:

    [
      {&quot;keyA1&quot;:&quot;valA&quot;, &quot;keyB1&quot;:&quot;valB&quot;}
     ,{&quot;keyA2&quot;:&quot;valA&quot;, &quot;keyB2&quot;:&quot;valB&quot;}
     ,{&quot;keyA3&quot;:&quot;valA&quot;, &quot;keyB3&quot;:&quot;valB&quot;}
    ]

Or is the &quot;right&quot; way to do it to put it in a single object to return:

    {&quot;elements&quot;:[
       {&quot;keyA1&quot;:&quot;valA&quot;, &quot;keyB1&quot;:&quot;valB&quot;}
      ,{&quot;keyA2&quot;:&quot;valA&quot;, &quot;keyB2&quot;:&quot;valB&quot;}
      ,{&quot;keyA3&quot;:&quot;valA&quot;, &quot;keyB3&quot;:&quot;valB&quot;}
    ]}

Is a list/array valid JSON?

I have the problem, that the IIS from Visual Studio Express 2013 for Web doesn&#39;t allow the loading of *.json files. When trying to load a *.json file I get a 403 Forbidden and a help page how to configure the IIS allow the loading of JSON files, but don&#39;t know what to do with this information / where the IIS is even located.

This is the error page:

&gt; HTTP Error 404.3 - Not Found The page you are requesting cannot be
&gt; served because of the extension configuration. If the page is a
&gt; script, add a handler. If the file should be downloaded, add a MIME
&gt; map.
&gt; 
&gt; Most likely causes: It is possible that a handler mapping is missing.
&gt; By default, the static file handler processes all content. The feature
&gt; you are trying to use may not be installed. The appropriate MIME map
&gt; is not enabled for the Web site or application. (Warning: Do not
&gt; create a MIME map for content that users should not download, such as
&gt; .ASPX pages or .config files.) If ASP.NET is not installed.
&gt; 
&gt; Things you can try: In system.webServer/handlers: Ensure that the
&gt; expected handler for the current page is mapped. Pay extra attention
&gt; to preconditions (for example, runtimeVersion, pipelineMode, bitness)
&gt; and compare them to the settings for your application pool. Pay extra
&gt; attention to typographical errors in the expected handler line. Please
&gt; verify that the feature you are trying to use is installed. Verify
&gt; that the MIME map is enabled or add the MIME map for the Web site
&gt; using the command-line tool appcmd.exe. To set a MIME type, run the
&gt; following command in the IIS Express install directory: appcmd set
&gt; config /section:staticContent
&gt; /+[fileExtension=&#39;string&#39;,mimeType=&#39;string&#39;] The variable
&gt; fileExtension string is the file name extension and the variable
&gt; mimeType string is the file type description. For example, to add a
&gt; MIME map for a file which has the extension &quot;.xyz&quot;: appcmd set config
&gt; /section:staticContent /+[fileExtension=&#39;.xyz&#39;,mimeType=&#39;text/plain&#39;]
&gt; Warning: Ensure that this MIME mapping is needed for your Web server
&gt; before adding it to the list. Configuration files such as .CONFIG or
&gt; dynamic scripting pages such as .ASP or .ASPX, should not be
&gt; downloaded directly and should always be processed through a handler.
&gt; Other files such as database files or those used to store
&gt; configuration, like .XML or .MDF, are sometimes used to store
&gt; configuration information. Determine if clients can download these
&gt; file types before enabling them. Install ASP.NET. Check the failed
&gt; request tracing logs for additional information about this error. For
&gt; more information, click here.
&gt; 
&gt; Detailed Error Information: Module	   StaticFileModule Notification	  
&gt; ExecuteRequestHandler Handler	   StaticFile Error Code	   0x80070032
&gt; Requested URL	   http: //localhost:64107/Settings/Settings.json
&gt; Physical Path	   D:\GIT\RepoP_Paneon\Settings\Settings.json Logon
&gt; Method	   Anonymous Logon User	   Anonymous Request Tracing Directory	
&gt; C:\Users\stefank\Documents\IISExpress\TraceLogFiles\REPOP_PANEON
&gt; 
&gt; More Information: This error occurs when the file extension of the
&gt; requested URL is for a MIME type that is not configured on the server.
&gt; You can add a MIME type for the file extension for files that are not
&gt; dynamic scripting pages, database, or configuration files. Process
&gt; those file types using a handler. You should not allows direct
&gt; downloads of dynamic scripting pages, database or configuration files.
&gt; View more information &#187;

Allow loading of JSON files in Visual Studio Express 2013 for Web

To extract constant I can use &lt;kbd&gt;ctrl&lt;/kbd&gt; + &lt;kbd&gt;alt&lt;/kbd&gt; + &lt;kbd&gt;c&lt;/kbd&gt;, that &quot;extraction&quot; create **public** constant:

    public static final String CONST = &quot;123&quot;;

So I need **manually** type private. Is there a way to extract constant with private scope by default?

How extract private static constant in Intellij Idea?

To extract constant I can use <kbd>ctrl</kbd> + <kbd>alt</kbd> + <kbd>c</kbd>, that "extraction" create public constant:
<pre><code class="hljs language-arduino">public static final String CONST = "123";
</code></pre>
So I need manually type private. Is there a way to extract constant with private scope by default?

I have successfully built my Spring MVC project with `mvn clean package` by following [this tutorial][1].

Now I am trying to run the service with:

    mvn clean package &amp;&amp; java -jar target/gs-serving-web-content-0.1.0.jar

But I get this error:

**Failed to load Main-Class manifest attribute from
target/gs-serving-web-content-0.1.0.jar**

Am I missing something?


  [1]: http://spring.io/guides/gs/serving-web-content/

Failed to load Main-Class manifest attribute while running java -jar

I have seen that when errors occur deep in different frameworks (e.g frameworks implementing the EJB specification or some JPA providers) the stacktrace contain classes like `com.sun.proxy.$Proxy`. I know what a Proxy is, but I am looking for a more technical and more java specific answer.

1. What are they?
2. How are they created?
3. What is there relationship to the JVM? Are they JVM implementation specific?

What is com.sun.proxy.$Proxy

I was wondering what the best way of printing a 2D array in Java was?

I was just wondering if this code is good practice or not?  
Also any other mistakes I made in this code if you find any.  

    int rows = 5;
    int columns = 3;
    
    int[][] array = new int[rows][columns];
    
    for (int i = 0; i&lt;rows; i++)
        for (int j = 0; j&lt;columns; j++)
            array[i][j] = 0;
    
    for (int i = 0; i&lt;rows; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j&lt;columns; j++) {
            System.out.print(array[i][j]);
        }
        System.out.println();
    }

The best way to print a Java 2D array?

How we convert `BigDecimal` into `Double` in java? I have a requirement where we have to use Double as argument but we are getting `BigDecimal` so i have to convert `BigDecimal` into `Double`.

How to convert BigDecimal to Double in Java?

On my machine I have two Java versions installed: (1.6 and 1.7 installed manually by me).  I need both of them for different projects. But for Maven I need 1.7, but my Maven uses the 1.6 Java version.

How can I set Maven to use 1.7?


How to set specific Java version to Maven?

Using PHPStorm, I am trying to ignore the `workspace.xml` which pops up every-time I try to make a git commit.

My `.gitignore` looks like:

    /.idea/
    .idea/workspace.xml

Because at a point the file was committed, I&#39;ve also executed:

`git rm --cached .idea/workspace.xml` and then committed the removal, pushed to a bare repo.

But the file keeps popping up later when I do changes in the project.

Any ideas on what I am missing?

Cannot ignore .idea/workspace.xml - keeps popping up

By default Android Studio automatically adds a header comment to all new classes, e.g.

    /**
     * Created by Dan on 11/20/13.
     */

Where is the setting to customize or remove it?

Android Studio: how to remove/update the &quot;Created by&quot; comment added to all new classes?

I&#39;m trying to use the barbecue barcode printing library. I have successfully added the library to IntelliJ through project structure add library.  Then I imported the packages and wrote the methods, which gave me no error.  The packages were available in the class.

But when I compile it gives me the error:

    error: package net.sourceforge.barbecue does not exist

How can this be?

I&#39;m coding in ubuntu, is there any other place to which I have to add the library?


Why does IntelliJ give me &quot;Package doesn&#39;t exist&quot; error?

I&#39;ve just started using Android Studio (IntelliJ), and I now look for the feature to find the occurrence of a string in any of the files in my project. For example: I want to find all the files that contain the string &quot;`.getUuid()`&quot;

The search at the top right doesn&#39;t give me the correct results, and I don&#39;t think I can find this feature under Edit &gt; Find.

Could anybody point me at the right direction?

Search all the occurrences of a string in the entire project in Android Studio

I can&#39;t find the Gradle Tool Window in IntelliJ IDEA 13 anymore. Is it removed?  

Furthermore I can&#39;t run any Gradle Tasks within my Gradle build file (via context-menu -&gt; `Run`). The error message: `Module XY is not backed by gradle` occurs. All these runs perfectly in IntelliJ IDEA 12. 

What is going wrong here?

No Gradle Tool Window in IntelliJ IDEA 13?

Is there a way to find and replace all occurrences of a word in an entire project( not just a single class using refactor -&gt; rename) and also maintain case, either in android studio or using a command line script?

For example, Supplier has to go to Merchant, supplier -&gt; merchant, SUPPLIER -&gt; MERCHANT. My boss wants me to change all instances of supplier with merchant for a project im working on. Ive been doing it for about an hour and i know im wasting my time. Let me know of any time saving suggestions.

Find and replace Android studio

Given the new toolset provided by c++ lots of programmers, aiming at code simplification, expressiveness, efficiency, skim through their old code and make tweaks (some pointless, some successful) to achieve their goals. Whilst trying not to loose too much time on such labors and just make non intrusive and self contained changes, what are the best practices? 

Let me cross out the obvious :

- Use **auto** to run iterator based loops :
     
        for (std::vector&lt;foo&gt;::const_iterator it(lala.begin()), ite(lala.end()); it != ite;     
        ++it);
        // becomes
        for (auto it(lala.cbegin()), ite(lala.cend()); it != ite; ++it);


- Use **tie** for multiple assignments that just produce C-style rows of code ( https://stackoverflow.com/questions/9269825/how-to-assign-multiple-values-into-a-struct-at-once/21513616#21513616 )

        a = 1;
        b = 2; 
        c = 3;
        d = 4; 
        e = 5;
        // becomes
        std::tie(a, b, c, d, e) = std::make_tuple(1, 2, 3, 4, 5);

- To make a class non inheritable just declare it as &quot;final&quot; and delete the code that achieved such a behavior http://www.parashift.com/c++-faq/final-classes.html 

- Use the delete keyword to explicitly hide constructors/destructors instead of declaring them private (eg code to create heap based objects, non copyable objects etc)

- Turn trivial functors created just to facillitate the execution of a single STL algorithm into **lambda** functions (apart from reducing code cluttering you&#39;ll have guaranteed inlined calls)

- Simplify RAII wrapping of an object by just using a **smart pointer**

- Get rid of bind1st, bind2nd and just use **bind**

- Replace hand written code for type traits (Is_ptr_but_dont_call_for_const_ptrs&lt;&gt; and such :) ) with standard code provided by **&lt; type_traits &gt;**

- Stop including boost headers for functionallity now implented in STL (BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT vs static_assert) 

- Provide move semantics to classes (although this wouldn&#39;t qualify as a dirty/quick/easy change)

- Use **nullptr** where possible instead of the NULL macro and get rid of the code that filled containers of pointers with 0&#39;s casted to object type

        std::vector&lt;foo*&gt; f(23);
        for (std::size_t i(0); i &lt; 23; ++i)
        { f[i] = static_cast&lt;foo*&gt;(0); }
        // becomes
        std::vector&lt;foo*&gt; f(23, nullptr);

- Clear the vector data accessing syntax

        std::vector&lt;int&gt; vec;
        &amp;vec[0];    // access data as a C-style array
        vec.data(); // new way of saying the above

- Replace throw() with **noexcept** (apart from avoiding the deprecated exception specifiation you get some speed benefits http://channel9.msdn.com/Events/GoingNative/2013/An-Effective-Cpp11-14-Sampler @ 00.29.42) 

        void some_func() noexcept; // more  optimization options
        void some_func() throw();  // fewer optimization options
        void some_func() ;         // fewer optimization options

- Replace code where you&#39;d push a tempory in a container and hoped that the optimizer would ellide the copy away, with an **&quot;emplace&quot;** function where available, in order to perfectly forward the argument and construct directly an object into a container without temporary at all.

        vecOfPoints.push_back(Point(x,y,z)); // so &#39;03
        vecOfPoints.emplace_back(x, y, z);   // no copy or move operations performed

UPDATE
------

[The answer by Shafik Yaghmour](https://stackoverflow.com/a/21519186/2567683) was rightfully awarded the bounty for having the greatest acceptance by the audience. 

[The answer by R Sahu](https://stackoverflow.com/a/22802574/2567683) was my accepted one, because the **combination** of features it proposes captures the [**spirit of refactoring**](http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?WhatIsRefactoring) :  making code clearer and cleaner and simpler and elegant.

Refactoring with C++ 11

I&#39;m beginning to use Facebook React in a Backbone project and so far it&#39;s going really well.  
However, I noticed some duplication creeping into my React code.

For example, **I have several form-like widgets** with states like `INITIAL`, `SENDING` and `SENT`. When a button is pressed, the form needs to be validated, a request is made, and then state is updated. State is kept inside React `this.state` of course, along with field values.

If these were Backbone views, I would have extracted a base class called `FormView` but **my impression was that React neither endorses nor supports subclassing to share view logic** (correct me if I&#39;m wrong).

I&#39;ve seen two approaches to code reuse in React:

* Mixins (like [LinkedStateMixin](http://facebook.github.io/react/docs/two-way-binding-helpers.html) that ships with React);
* Container Components  (such as [react-infinite-scroll](https://github.com/guillaumervls/react-infinite-scroll)).

Am I correct that mixins and containers are preferred to inheritance in React?  Is this a deliberate design decision?  **Would it make more sense to use a mixin or a container component for my “form widget” example from second paragraph?**

[Here&#39;s a gist with `FeedbackWidget` and `JoinWidget` in their current state](https://gist.github.com/gaearon/9070604). They have a similar structure, similar `beginSend` method and will both need to have some validation support (not there yet).

Using mixins vs components for code reuse in Facebook React

Is there any easy way to delete no-more-using packages from **requirements** file?

I wrote a bash script for this task but, it doesn&#39;t work as I expected. Because, some packages are not used following their PyPI project names. For example;

    dj-database-url

package is used as 

    dj_database_url

My project has many packages in its own requirements file, so, searching them one-by-one is too messy, error-prone and takes too much time. As I searched, IDEs don&#39;t have this property, yet.

Delete unused packages from requirements file

Is there a way to organize C# usings (remove and sort, in separate or together) via a shortcut in Visual Studio for one or more files of a project?

I know that this can be done via the menu for one file by selecting 

`Edit &gt; IntelliSense &gt; Organize Usings &gt; Remove and Sort`

but I want to do this much faster.
I am using Visual Studio 2013 Express for *C#* development (wondering how this can be done in older &amp; other versions too though). Thank you in advance.

What keyboard shortcut is there to organize C# usings in Visual Studio?

Often in coding and templating I need to wrap a certain part of text. Is there any shortcut to wrap the current selection, for example:

    Hello World
    &quot;Hello World&quot;

    Hello World
    {{ trans &#39;Hello World&#39; }}

Im using PhpStorm 7 for Mac and PC. I found something similiar, with: &lt;kbd&gt;ctrl&lt;/kbd&gt;+&lt;kbd&gt;alt&lt;/kbd&gt;+&lt;kbd&gt;j&lt;/kbd&gt; you can wrap with a html-tag but nothing else. Also &lt;kbd&gt;ctrl&lt;/kbd&gt;+&lt;kbd&gt;alt&lt;/kbd&gt;+&lt;kbd&gt;-&lt;/kbd&gt; comments the current selection according to the current file format(php, twig, html, ...)

PhpStorm wrap/surround selection?

Is it possible to select text vertically/in a column in PyCharm? You can do it in Visual Studio and Notepad++ by holding down alt+arrow keys.

The documentation describes how to do it with the mouse, but there&#39;s no mention of keyboard options.

http://www.jetbrains.com/pycharm/webhelp/selecting-text-in-the-editor.html#d306531e464

Vertical/Column text select in PyCharm?

Does anyone know some shortcut to switch between design and text in android studio while editing XML layout?

While I can switch from design view to source using &lt;kbd&gt;Ctrl&lt;/kbd&gt;+&lt;kbd&gt;B&lt;/kbd&gt; (and need to select something in layout before), I have no way to go back.


Shortcut to switch between design and text in Android Studio

While debugging in Visual Studio sometimes we wander far away from the current executing statement. We could tread our way back using Call Stack window. Is there a shortcut to go back to the current executing statement in Visual Studio?

Go to current executing statement in Visual Studio while Debugging

I Need to know how to have NetBeans generate getters and setters using a shortcut.

Generate getters and setters in NetBeans

    #include &lt;iostream&gt;
    #include &lt;type_traits&gt;
    
    int main(){
    	
    	//creating an integral constant with constexpr
    	constexpr unsigned int speed_of_light{299792458};
    	
    	//creating an integral constant with std::integral_constant
    	typedef std::integral_constant&lt;unsigned int, 299792458&gt; speed_of_light_2;
    	
    	//using them
    	std::cout &lt;&lt; speed_of_light/2 &lt;&lt; &#39;\n&#39;;
    	std::cout &lt;&lt; speed_of_light_2::value/2 &lt;&lt; &#39;\n&#39;;
    
    }

What&#39;s special about `std::integral_constant` that I would choose to use it over `constexpr`?  
Their behaviour and use cases look identical to me.  I&#39;m trying to think of some kind of template scenario, where constexpr may not suffice. 

When would I use std::integral_constant over constexpr?

    int main( const int argc , const char[] const argv)

As [Effective C++][1] Item#3 states &quot;Use const whenever possible&quot;, I start thinking &quot;why not make these &#39;constant&#39; parameters `const`&quot;?.

Is there any scenario in which the value of `argc` is modified in a program?

  [1]: https://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/0321334876

Why is argc not a constant?

I&#39;ve recently come across the [**`const`**][1] keyword in JavaScript. From what I can tell, it is used to create [*immutable variables*][2], and I&#39;ve tested to ensure that it cannot be redefined (in Node.js):

    const x = &#39;const&#39;;
    const x = &#39;not-const&#39;;

    // Will give an error: &#39;constant &#39;x&#39; has already been defined&#39;

I realise that it is not yet standardized across all browsers - but I&#39;m only interested in the context of [Node.js V8][3], and I&#39;ve noticed that certain [developers / projects][4] seem to favor it heavily when the `var` keyword could be used to the same effect.

 - When is it appropriate to use `const` in place of `var`?
 - Should it be used every time a variable which is not going to be
   re-assigned is declared?
 - Does it actually make any difference if `var` is used in place of
   `const` or vice-versa?

  [1]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/const
  [2]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/20014513/javascript-const-keyword
  [3]: https://nodejs.org/api/v8.html#v8_v8
  [4]: https://github.com/mozilla/node-client-sessions/blob/master/lib/client-sessions.js



Const in JavaScript: when to use it and is it necessary?

I want to know the difference between 

    const int* ptr;

and 

    int * const ptr; 
and how it works.

It is pretty difficult for me to understand or keep remember this.
Please help.

Constant pointer vs Pointer to constant

I keep seeing this constant pop up in various graphics header files

    0.0039215689

It seems to have something to do with color maybe?

Here is the first [hit on Google](http://ozmav.googlecode.com/svn-history/r178/trunk/badrdp/rdp.c):

    void RDP_G_SETFOGCOLOR(void)
    {
    	Gfx.FogColor.R = _SHIFTR(w1, 24, 8) * 0.0039215689f;
    	Gfx.FogColor.G = _SHIFTR(w1, 16, 8) * 0.0039215689f;
    	Gfx.FogColor.B = _SHIFTR(w1, 8, 8) * 0.0039215689f;
    	Gfx.FogColor.A = _SHIFTR(w1, 0, 8) * 0.0039215689f;
    }
    
    void RDP_G_SETBLENDCOLOR(void)
    {
    	Gfx.BlendColor.R = _SHIFTR(w1, 24, 8) * 0.0039215689f;
    	Gfx.BlendColor.G = _SHIFTR(w1, 16, 8) * 0.0039215689f;
    	Gfx.BlendColor.B = _SHIFTR(w1, 8, 8) * 0.0039215689f;
    	Gfx.BlendColor.A = _SHIFTR(w1, 0, 8) * 0.0039215689f;
    
    	if(OpenGL.Ext_FragmentProgram &amp;&amp; (System.Options &amp; BRDP_COMBINER)) {
    		glProgramEnvParameter4fARB(GL_FRAGMENT_PROGRAM_ARB, 2, Gfx.BlendColor.R, Gfx.BlendColor.G, Gfx.BlendColor.B, Gfx.BlendColor.A);
    	}
    }

    //...more like this

What does this number represent? Why does no one seem to declare it as a const?

I couldn&#39;t find anything on Google that explained it.

Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	Cherry	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - Java	pbaranski	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 2 - Java	kemenov	View Answer on Stackoverflow

How extract private static constant in Intellij Idea?

Java Problem Overview

Java Solutions

Solution 1 - Java

Solution 2 - Java

Allow loading of JSON files in Visual Studio Express 2013 for Web

Is a list/array valid JSON?

Attributions