How do you turn a Mongoose document into a plain object?

I have a document from a mongoose find that I want to extend before JSON encoding and sending out as a response. If I try adding properties to the doc it is ignored. The properties don't appear in Object.getOwnPropertyNames(doc) making a normal extend not possible. The strange thing is that JSON.parse(JSON.encode(doc)) works and returns an object with all of the correct properties. Is there a better way to do this?

Mongoose Models inherit from Documents, which have a toObject() method. I believe what you're looking for should be the result of doc.toObject().

http://mongoosejs.com/docs/api.html#document_Document-toObject

Another way to do this is to tell Mongoose that all you need is a plain JavaScript version of the returned doc by using lean() in the query chain. That way Mongoose skips the step of creating the full model instance and you directly get a doc you can modify:

MyModel.findOne().lean().exec(function(err, doc) {
    doc.addedProperty = 'foobar';
    res.json(doc);
});

the fast way if the property is not in the model :

document.set( key,value, { strict: false });

JohnnyHK suggestion:

In some cases as @JohnnyHK suggested, you would want to get the Object as a Plain Javascript. as described in this Mongoose Documentation there is another alternative to query the data directly as object:

const docs = await Model.find().lean();

Conditionally return Plain Object:

In addition if someone might want to conditionally turn to an object,it is also possible as an option argument, see find() docs at the third parameter:

const toObject = true;
const docs = await Model.find({},null,{lean:toObject});

its available on the functions: find(), findOne(), findById(), findOneAndUpdate(), and findByIdAndUpdate().

NOTE:

it is also worth mentioning that the _id attribute isn't a string object as if you would do JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(object)) but a ObjectId from mongoose types, so when comparing it to strings cast it to string before: String(object._id) === otherStringId

A better way of tackling an issue like this is using doc.toObject() like this

doc.toObject({ getters: true })

other options include:

• getters: apply all getters (path and virtual getters)
• virtuals: apply virtual getters (can override getters option)
• minimize: remove empty objects (defaults to true)
• transform: a transform function to apply to the resulting document before returning
• depopulate: depopulate any populated paths, replacing them with their original refs (defaults to false)
• versionKey: whether to include the version key (defaults to true)

so for example you can say

Model.findOne().exec((err, doc) => {
   if (!err) {
      doc.toObject({ getters: true })
      console.log('doc _id:', doc._id)
   }
})

and now it will work.

For reference, see: http://mongoosejs.com/docs/api.html#document_Document-toObject

To get plain object from Mongoose document, I used _doc property as follows

mongooseDoc._doc  //returns plain json object

I tried with toObject but it gave me functions,arguments and all other things which i don't need.

The lean option tells Mongoose to skip hydrating the result documents. This makes queries faster and less memory intensive, but the result documents are plain old JavaScript objects (POJOs), not Mongoose documents.

const leanDoc = await MyModel.findOne().lean();

not necessary to use JSON.parse() method

You can also stringify the object and then again parse to make the normal object. For example like:-

const obj = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(mongoObj))

I have been using the toObject method on my document without success. I needed to add the flattenMap property to true to finally have a POJO.

const data = document.data.toObject({ flattenMaps: true });