How do you run a script on login in *nix?
LinuxBashMacosUnixShellLinux Problem Overview
I know I once know how to do this but... how do you run a script (bash is OK) on login in unix?
Linux Solutions
Solution 1 - Linux
From wikipedia Bash
> When Bash starts, it executes the commands in a variety of different > scripts. > > When Bash is invoked as an interactive > login shell, it first reads and > executes commands from the file > /etc/profile, if that file exists. > After reading that file, it looks for > ~/.bash_profile, ~/.bash_login, and > ~/.profile, in that order, and reads > and executes commands from the first > one that exists and is readable. > > When a login shell exits, Bash reads > and executes commands from the file > ~/.bash_logout, if it exists. > > When an interactive shell that is not > a login shell is started, Bash reads > and executes commands from ~/.bashrc, > if that file exists. This may be > inhibited by using the --norc option. > The --rcfile file option will force > Bash to read and execute commands from > file instead of ~/.bashrc.
Solution 2 - Linux
At login, most shells execute a login script, which you can use to execute your custom script. The login script the shell executes depends, of course, upon the shell:
- bash: .bash_profile, .bash_login, .profile (for backwards compabitibility)
- sh: .profile
- tcsh and csh: .login
- zsh: .zshrc
You can probably find out what shell you're using by doing
echo $SHELL
from the prompt.
For a slightly wider definition of 'login', it's useful to know that on most distros when X is launched, your .xsessionrc will be executed when your X session is started.
Solution 3 - Linux
When using Bash, the first of ~/.bash_profile
, ~/.bash_login
and ~/.profile
will be run for an interactive login shell. I believe ~/.profile
is generally run by Unix shells besides Bash. Bash will run ~/.bashrc
for a non-login interactive shell.
I typically put everything I want to always set in .bashrc
and then run it from .bash_profile
, where I also set up a few things that should run only when I'm logging in, such as setting up ssh-agent
or running screen
.
Solution 4 - Linux
If you wish to run one script and only one script, you can make it that users default shell.
echo "/usr/bin/uptime" >> /etc/shells
vim /etc/passwd
* username:x:uid:grp:message:homedir:/usr/bin/uptime
can have interesting effects :) ( its not secure tho, so don't trust it too much. nothing like setting your default shell to be a script that wipes your drive. ... although, .. I can imagine a scenario where that could be amazingly useful )
Solution 5 - Linux
Place it in your bash profile:
~/.bash_profile
Solution 6 - Linux
If you are on OSX, then it's ~/.profile
Solution 7 - Linux
Launchd
is a the preferred way in OS X.
If you want it to run on your login put it in ~/Library/LaunchAgents
Start launchd
item
launchctl load /Library/LaunchDaemons/com.bob.plist
Stop item
launchctl unload /Library/LaunchDaemons/com.bob.plist
Example com.bob.plist
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
<key>Label</key>
<string>com.bob</string>
<key>RunAtLoad</key>
<true/>
<key>ProgramArguments</key>
<array>
<string>/usr/bin/java</string>
<string>-jar</string>
<string>/Users/user/program.jar</string>
</array>
</dict>
</plist>
Solution 8 - Linux
I was frustrated with this problem for days. Nothing worked on ubuntu. If I put the call in /etc/profile it all crashed at login attempt. I couldn't use "Startup Applications" as that was not what I wanted. That only sets the script for that current user.
Finally I found this little article: http://standards.freedesktop.org/autostart-spec/autostart-spec-0.5.html
The solution would be:
-
find out the $XDG_CONFIG_DIRS path:
echo $XDG_CONFIG_DIRS
-
put your script in that directory
Solution 9 - Linux
Add an entry in /etc/profile
that executes the script. This will be run during every log-on. If you are only doing this for your own account, use one of your login scripts (e.g. .bash_profile
) to run it.
Solution 10 - Linux
Search your local system's bash man page for ^INVOCATION for information on which file is going to be read at startup.
man bash
/^INVOCATION
Also in the FILES section,
~/.bash_profile
The personal initialization file, executed for login shells
~/.bashrc
The individual per-interactive-shell startup file
Add your script to the proper file. Make sure the script is in the $PATH, or use the absolute path to the script file.
Solution 11 - Linux
The script ~/.bash_profile
is run on login.