`link_to` [takes a block of code][1] ( &gt;= Rails 2.2) which it will use as the body of the tag.

So, you do

    &lt;%= link_to(@album) do %&gt;
      html-code-here
    &lt;% end %&gt;

**But** I&#39;m quite sure that to nest a `div` inside a `a` tag is not valid HTML.

  [1]: http://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/ActionView/Helpers/UrlHelper.html#M001882

EDIT: Added `=` character per Amin Ariana&#39;s comment below.

Also, this may be an issue for some:

Make sure to write `&lt;%=` if you are doing a simple link with code in it instead of `&lt;%`.

e.g.

    &lt;%= link_to &#39;some_controller_name/some_get_request&#39; do %&gt;
      Hello World
    &lt;% end  %&gt;

For older Rails versions, you can use 

    &lt;% content_tag(:a, :href =&gt; foo_path) do %&gt;
      &lt;span&gt;Foo&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;% end %&gt;

You can use `link_to` with a block:

    &lt;% link_to(@album) do %&gt;
        &lt;!-- insert html etc here --&gt;
    &lt;% end %&gt;

A bit of a lag on this reply I know -- but I was directed here today, and didn&#39;t find a good answer.  The following should work:

    &lt;% link_to raw(html here), @album %&gt;

How do I get the name of the active user via the command line in OS X?

What are the pros and cons of each [Behavior Driven Development][1] (BDD) framework for Java?

I&#39;ve found some of them [here][2], for example.

Does it make sense to use a BDD framework if I already use a mocking library (e.g. [Mockito][3])?


  [1]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behavior_Driven_Development
  [2]: http://java-sources.org/open-source/bdd
  [3]: http://code.google.com/p/mockito/

What are the differences between BDD frameworks for Java?

How do I wrap a link around view code? I can&#39;t figure out how to pass multiple lines with ruby code to a single `link_to` method. The result I am looking for is that you click the column and get the show page:


    &lt;div class=&quot;subcolumns&quot;&gt;
      &lt;div class=&quot;c25l&quot;&gt;
    		&lt;div class=&quot;subcl&quot;&gt;
        	&lt;%= image_tag album.photo.media.url(:thumb), :class =&gt; &quot;image&quot; rescue nil  %&gt;
    		&lt;/div&gt;
    	&lt;/div&gt;
      &lt;div class=&quot;c75r&quot;&gt;
    		&lt;div class=&quot;subcr&quot;&gt;
    			&lt;p&gt;&lt;%= album.created_at %&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
    			&lt;%= link_to h(album.title), album %&gt;
    			&lt;p&gt;&lt;%= album.created_at %&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
    			&lt;p&gt;&lt;%= album.photo_count %&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
    		&lt;/div&gt;
      &lt;/div&gt;
    &lt;/div&gt;


How do I wrap link_to around some html ruby code?

How do I wrap a link around view code? I can't figure out how to pass multiple lines with ruby code to a single <code>link_to</code> method. The result I am looking for is that you click the column and get the show page:
<pre><code class="hljs language-php-template">&#x3C;div class="subcolumns">
 &#x3C;div class="c25l">
		&#x3C;div class="subcl">
 	&#x3C;%= image_tag album.photo.media.url(:thumb), :class => "image" rescue nil %>
		&#x3C;/div>
	&#x3C;/div>
 &#x3C;div class="c75r">
		&#x3C;div class="subcr">
			&#x3C;p>&#x3C;%= album.created_at %>&#x3C;/p>
			&#x3C;%= link_to h(album.title), album %>
			&#x3C;p>&#x3C;%= album.created_at %>&#x3C;/p>
			&#x3C;p>&#x3C;%= album.photo_count %>&#x3C;/p>
		&#x3C;/div>
 &#x3C;/div>
&#x3C;/div>
</code></pre>

Python and Ruby are usually considered to be close cousins (though with quite different historical baggage) with similar expressiveness and power. But some have argued that the immense success of the Rails framework really has a great deal to do with the language it is built on: Ruby itself. So why would Ruby be more suitable for such a framework than Python?

Why is Ruby more suitable for Rails than Python?

I have a datetime column in db that I want to transform into a simple date when I show it to users.

How can I do that?

&lt;pre&gt;
def shown_date
  # to_date does not exist, but is what I am looking for
  self.date || self.exif_date_time_original.to_date 
end
&lt;/pre&gt;

Transform DateTime into simple Date in Ruby on Rails

I try to access a file with open-uri over an https connection. Unfortunately somethings wrong with the certificate, I get a *certificate verify failed* error. I can&#39;t do anything about that, so I have to bypass the verification.

I found this [answer][1]

I don&#39;t want to / can&#39;t change the oen-uri.rb on the server, and I&#39;m running Ruby 1.8.6.

How do I change the verify mode? Or more exactly where do I change it?

Where can I put this?

    if target.class == URI::HTTPS  
     require &#39;net/https&#39;  
     http.use_ssl = true   
     http.verify_mode = OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_NONE  
     store = OpenSSL::X509::Store.new  
     store.set_default_paths  
     http.cert_store = store
    end
or the dirty hack: where can I put this?

    OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_PEER = OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_NONE

  


  [1]: http://www.peterkrantz.com/2007/open-uri-cert-verification/

How to bypass SSL certificate verification in open-uri?

I have a pretty simple HABTM set of models 

    class Tag &lt; ActiveRecord::Base 
       has_and_belongs_to_many :posts
    end 
    
    class Post &lt; ActiveRecord::Base 
       has_and_belongs_to_many :tags
       
       def tags= (tag_list) 
          self.tags.clear 
          tag_list.strip.split(&#39; &#39;).each do 
            self.tags.build(:name =&gt; tag) 
          end
       end 
    end 

Now it all works alright except that I get a ton of duplicates in the Tags table. 

What do I need to do to avoid duplicates (bases on name) in the tags table? 


has_and_belongs_to_many, avoiding dupes in the join table

Looking at different options:

One is to just put the static pages in the public/ folder, but I do want the header from layout/application to be consistent.

I tried this, but I got an error:


    # in routes.rb:
    map.connect &#39;*path&#39;, :controller =&gt; &#39;content&#39;, :action =&gt; &#39;show&#39;
    
    # in content_controller.rb:
    def show
      render :action =&gt; params[:path].join(&#39;/&#39;)
    end

All I want is an easy way to put together things like my faq, contact, tos, privacy, and other non-application type pages somewhere easy by just creating an .rhtml.  who has done this?

How to do static content in Rails?

I am generating a script that is outputting information to the console. The information is some kind of statistic with a value. So much like a hash.

So one value&#39;s name may be 8 characters long and another is 3. when I am looping through outputting the information with two \t some of the columns aren&#39;t aligned correctly.

So for example the output might be as such:

    long value name          14
    short              12
    little             13
    tiny               123421
    long name again          912421

I want all the values lined up correctly. Right now I am doing this:

    puts &quot;#{value_name} - \t\t #{value}&quot;

How could I say for long names, to only use one tab? Or is there another solution?

Nicely formatting output to console, specifying number of tabs

There is a lot of discussions of Python vs Ruby, and I all find them completely unhelpful, because they all turn around why feature X sucks in language Y, or that claim language Y doesn&#39;t have X, although in fact it does. I also know exactly why I prefer Python, but that&#39;s also subjective, and wouldn&#39;t help anybody choosing, as they might not have the same tastes in development as I do.

It would therefore be interesting to list the differences, objectively. So no &quot;Python&#39;s lambdas sucks&quot;. Instead explain what Ruby&#39;s lambdas can do that Python&#39;s can&#39;t. No subjectivity. Example code is good!


Don&#39;t have several differences in one answer, please. And vote up the ones you know are correct, and down those you know are incorrect (or are subjective). Also, differences in syntax is not interesting. We know Python does with indentation what Ruby does with brackets and ends, and that @ is called self in Python.


UPDATE: This is now a community wiki, so we can add the big differences here.


## Ruby has a class reference in the class body ##

In Ruby you have a reference to the class (self) already in the class body. In Python you don&#39;t have a reference to the class until after the class construction is finished.

An example:

    class Kaka
      puts self
    end

self in this case is the class, and this code would print out &quot;Kaka&quot;. There is no way to print out the class name or in other ways access the class from the class definition body in Python (outside method definitions).


## All classes are mutable in Ruby ##

This lets you develop extensions to core classes.  Here&#39;s an example of a rails extension:

    class String
      def starts_with?(other)
        head = self[0, other.length]
        head == other
      end
    end

Python (imagine there were no `&#39;&#39;.startswith` method):

    def starts_with(s, prefix):
        return s[:len(prefix)] == prefix

You could use it on any sequence (not just strings). In order to use it you should import it *explicitly* e.g., `from some_module import starts_with`.

## Ruby has Perl-like scripting features ##

Ruby has first class regexps, $-variables, the awk/perl line by line input loop and other features that make it more suited to writing small shell scripts that munge text files or act as glue code for other programs.

## Ruby has first class continuations ##

Thanks to the callcc statement. In Python you can create continuations by various techniques, but there is no support built in to the language.

## Ruby has blocks ##

With the &quot;do&quot; statement you can create a multi-line anonymous function in Ruby, which will be passed in as an argument into the method in front of do, and called from there. In Python you would instead do this either by passing a method or with generators.

Ruby:

    amethod { |here|
        many=lines+of+code
        goes(here)
    }

Python (Ruby blocks correspond to different constructs in Python):

    with amethod() as here: # `amethod() is a context manager
        many=lines+of+code
        goes(here)

Or

    for here in amethod(): # `amethod()` is an iterable
        many=lines+of+code
        goes(here)

Or
 
    def function(here):
        many=lines+of+code
        goes(here)

    amethod(function)     # `function` is a callback


Interestingly, the convenience statement in Ruby for calling a block is called &quot;yield&quot;, which in Python will create a generator.

Ruby:

    def themethod
        yield 5
    end

    themethod do |foo|
        puts foo
    end

Python:

    def themethod():
        yield 5
     
    for foo in themethod():
        print foo

Although the principles are different, the result is strikingly similar.

## Ruby supports functional style (pipe-like) programming more easily ##

    myList.map(&amp;:description).reject(&amp;:empty?).join(&quot;\n&quot;)

Python:

    descriptions = (f.description() for f in mylist)
    &quot;\n&quot;.join(filter(len, descriptions))


## Python has built-in generators (which are used like Ruby blocks, as noted above) ##

Python has support for generators in the language. In Ruby 1.8 you can use the generator module which uses continuations to create a generator from a block. Or, you could just use a block/proc/lambda! Moreover, in Ruby 1.9 Fibers are, and can be used as, generators, and the Enumerator class is a built-in generator [4]

[docs.python.org][1] has this generator example:

    def reverse(data):
        for index in range(len(data)-1, -1, -1):
            yield data[index]

Contrast this with the above block examples.


## Python has flexible name space handling ##

In Ruby, when you import a file with `require`, all the things defined in that file will end up in your global namespace. This causes namespace pollution. The solution to that is Rubys modules. But if you create a namespace with a module, then you have to use that namespace to access the contained classes.

In Python, the file is a module, and you can import its contained names with `from themodule import *`, thereby polluting the namespace if you want. But you can also import just selected names with `from themodule import aname, another` or you can simply `import themodule` and then access the names with `themodule.aname`. If you want more levels in your namespace you can have packages, which are directories with modules and an `__init__.py` file.

## Python has docstrings ##

Docstrings are strings that are attached to modules, functions and methods and can be
introspected at runtime. This helps for creating such things as the help command and
automatic documentation.

    def frobnicate(bar):
        &quot;&quot;&quot;frobnicate takes a bar and frobnicates it
        
           &gt;&gt;&gt; bar = Bar()
           &gt;&gt;&gt; bar.is_frobnicated()
           False
           &gt;&gt;&gt; frobnicate(bar)
           &gt;&gt;&gt; bar.is_frobnicated()
           True
        &quot;&quot;&quot;

Ruby&#39;s equivalent are similar to javadocs, and located above the method instead of within it.  They can be retrieved at runtime from the files by using 1.9&#39;s Method#source_location [example use][2]

## Python has multiple inheritance ##

Ruby does not (&quot;on purpose&quot; -- see Ruby&#39;s website, [see here how it&#39;s done in Ruby][3]). It does reuse the module concept as a type of abstract classes.

## Python has list/dict comprehensions ##

Python:

    res = [x*x for x in range(1, 10)]

Ruby:

    res = (0..9).map { |x| x * x }

Python:

    &gt;&gt;&gt; (x*x for x in range(10))
    &lt;generator object &lt;genexpr&gt; at 0xb7c1ccd4&gt;
    &gt;&gt;&gt; list(_)
    [0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81]

Ruby:

    p = proc { |x| x * x }
    (0..9).map(&amp;p)

Python **2.7+**:

    &gt;&gt;&gt; {x:str(y*y) for x,y in {1:2, 3:4}.items()}
    {1: &#39;4&#39;, 3: &#39;16&#39;}

Ruby:

    &gt;&gt; Hash[{1=&gt;2, 3=&gt;4}.map{|x,y| [x,(y*y).to_s]}]
    =&gt; {1=&gt;&quot;4&quot;, 3=&gt;&quot;16&quot;}

## Python has decorators ##

Things similar to decorators can also be created in Ruby, and it can also be argued that they aren&#39;t as necessary as in Python.

  [1]: http://docs.python.org/tutorial/classes.html#generators
  [2]: http://github.com/rdp/ri_for &quot;example use&quot;
  [3]: http://codeidol.com/other/rubyckbk/Modules-and-Namespaces/Simulating-Multiple-Inheritance-with-Mixins/
  [4]: http://wiki.github.com/rdp/ruby_tutorials_core/enumerator
## Syntax differences ##

Ruby requires &quot;end&quot; or &quot;}&quot; to close all of its scopes, while Python uses white-space only.  There have been recent attempts in Ruby to allow for whitespace only indentation http://github.com/michaeledgar/seamless

What does Ruby have that Python doesn&#39;t, and vice versa?

I have a problem that is really easily solved with GUIDs. 

In particular, for a password reset workflow, I would like to send a GUID token to a user&#39;s email and have them reset their password using the token. Since GUIDs are unique, this is pretty secure and saves me emailing people passwords, which is risky. 

I noticed there is one [uuid gem @ rubyforge][1] but it looks quite old, and it writes stuff to the file system. 
 
Does anyone know of any other gems that can create a globally unique identifier? 

I know I can just fall back to: 

&lt;!-- language: lang-ruby --&gt;

    (0..16).to_a.map{ |a| rand(16).to_s(16) }.join 

But it does not really seem like a proper GUID ... 

  [1]: http://rubyforge.org/projects/uuid

Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	atmorell	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - Ruby on-Rails	Thorbjørn Hermansen	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 2 - Ruby on-Rails	sybohy	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 3 - Ruby on-Rails	Omar Qureshi	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 4 - Ruby on-Rails	Barry Gallagher	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 5 - Ruby on-Rails	Rob Dawson	View Answer on Stackoverflow

How do I wrap link_to around some html ruby code?

Ruby on-Rails Problem Overview

Ruby on-Rails Solutions

Solution 1 - Ruby on-Rails

Solution 2 - Ruby on-Rails

Solution 3 - Ruby on-Rails

Solution 4 - Ruby on-Rails

Solution 5 - Ruby on-Rails

What are the differences between BDD frameworks for Java?

How do I get the name of the active user via the command line in OS X?

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