How do I window removeEventListener using React useEffect

In React Hooks documents it is shown how to removeEventListener during the component's cleanup phase. https://reactjs.org/docs/hooks-reference.html#conditionally-firing-an-effect

In my use case, I am trying to removeEventListener conditional to a state property of the functional component.

Here's an example where the component is never unmounted but the event listener should be removed:

function App () {
  const [collapsed, setCollapsed] = React.useState(true);

  React.useEffect(
    () => {
      if (collapsed) {
        window.removeEventListener('keyup', handleKeyUp); // Not the same "handleKeyUp" :(
      } else {
        window.addEventListener('keyup', handleKeyUp);
      }
    },
    [collapsed]
  );

  function handleKeyUp(event) {
    console.log(event.key);
    switch (event.key) {
      case 'Escape':
        setCollapsed(true);
        break;
    }
  }

  return collapsed ? (
    <a href="javascript:;" onClick={()=>setCollapsed(false)}>Search</a>
  ) : (
    <span>
      <input placeholder="Search" autoFocus />&nbsp;
      <a href="javascript:;">This</a>&nbsp;
      <a href="javascript:;">That</a>&nbsp;
      <input placeholder="Refinement" />
    </span>
  );
}
ReactDOM.render(<App />, document.body.appendChild(document.createElement('div')));

(Live sample at https://codepen.io/caqu/pen/xBeBMN)

The problem I see is that the handleKeyUp reference inside removeEventListener is changing every time the component renders. The function handleKeyUp needs a reference to setCollapsed so it must be enclosed by App. Moving handleKeyUp inside useEffect also seems to fire multiple times and lose the reference to the original handleKeyUp.

How can I conditionally window.removeEventListener using React Hooks without unmounting the component?

You can put the handleKeyUp function inside of the function given to useEffect (which is the recommended way of doing it according to the official documentation) and only add the listener and return a cleanup function when collapsed is false.

useEffect(() => {
  if (collapsed) {
    return;
  }

  function handleKeyUp(event) {
    switch (event.key) {
      case "Escape":
        setCollapsed(true);
        break;
    }
  }

  window.addEventListener("keyup", handleKeyUp);
  return () => window.removeEventListener("keyup", handleKeyUp);
}, [collapsed]);

Tholle's answer may work, but it's bad practice to declare a function inside an if.

It makes it harder to follow when the function is declared and when it is not. Also it can lead to bugs because functions are hoisted up.

There's a neater way to fix it:

By wrapping your event handler with the useCallback hook.

const [collapsed, setCollapsed] = useState(true)

const handleKeyUp = useCallback((event) => {
    if (event.key === "Escape") {
      setCollapsed(true)
    }
}, [setCollapsed])

useEffect(() => {
    if (!collapsed) {
        window.addEventListener("keyup", handleKeyUp)
    } else {
        window.removeEventListener("keyup", handleKeyUp)
    }

    return () => window.removeEventListener("keyup", handleKeyUp)
}, [collapsed, handleKeyUp])

• useCallback has a dependency on setCollapsed. This makes sure handleKeyUp is not redefined when the component rerenders (which always happens when state changes)
• useEffect will conditionally add/remove the event listener, otherwise events will keep firing as long as the component is mounted.

> If you use a lot of event handlers in useEffect, there's a custom hook for that: https://usehooks.com/useEventListener/

Here's the question posters example updated with my solution: https://codepen.io/publicJorn/pen/eYzwENN