How do I remove a CLOSE_WAIT socket connection

I have written a small program that interacts with a server on a specific port. The program works fine, but:

Once the program terminated unexpectedly, and ever since that socket connection is shown in CLOSE_WAIT state. If I try to run a program it hangs and I have to force it close, which accumulates even more CLOSE_WAIT socket connections.

Is there a way to flush these connections?

CLOSE_WAIT means your program is still running, and hasn't closed the socket (and the kernel is waiting for it to do so). Add -p to netstat to get the pid, and then kill it more forcefully (with SIGKILL if needed). That should get rid of your CLOSE_WAIT sockets. You can also use ps to find the pid.

SO_REUSEADDR is for servers and TIME_WAIT sockets, so doesn't apply here.

As described by Crist Clark.

> CLOSE_WAIT means that the local end of the connection has received a > FIN from the other end, but the OS is waiting for the program at the > local end to actually close its connection. > > The problem is your program running on the local machine is not > closing the socket. It is not a TCP tuning issue. A connection can > (and quite correctly) stay in CLOSE_WAIT forever while the program > holds the connection open. > > Once the local program closes the socket, the OS can send the FIN to > the remote end which transitions you to LAST_ACK while you wait for > the ACK of the FIN. Once that is received, the connection is finished > and drops from the connection table (if your end is in CLOSE_WAIT you > do not end up in the TIME_WAIT state).

You can forcibly close sockets with ss command; the ss command is a tool used to dump socket statistics and displays information in similar fashion (although simpler and faster) to netstat.

To kill any socket in CLOSE_WAIT state, run this (as root)

$ ss --tcp state CLOSE-WAIT --kill

You may also filter your action

$ ss --tcp state CLOSE-WAIT '( dport = 22 or dst 1.1.1.1 )' --kill

Even though too much of CLOSE_WAIT connections means there is something wrong with your code in the first and this is accepted not good practice.

You might want to check out: https://github.com/rghose/kill-close-wait-connections

What this script does is send out the ACK which the connection was waiting for.

This is what worked for me.

I'm also having the same issue with a very latest Tomcat server (7.0.40). It goes non-responsive once for a couple of days.

To see open connections, you may use:

sudo netstat -tonp | grep jsvc | grep --regexp="127.0.0.1:443" --regexp="127.0.0.1:80" | grep CLOSE_WAIT

As mentioned in this post, you may use /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_keepalive_time to view the values. The value seems to be in seconds and defaults to 7200 (i.e. 2 hours).

To change them, you need to edit /etc/sysctl.conf.

Open/create `/etc/sysctl.conf`
Add `net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 120` and save the file
Invoke `sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.conf`
Verify using `cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_keepalive_time`

It should be mentioned that the Socket instance in both client and the server end needs to explicitly invoke close(). If only one of the ends invokes close() then too, the socket will remain in CLOSE_WAIT state.

It is also worth noting that if your program spawns a new process, that process may inherit all your opened handles. Even after your own program closs, those inherited handles can still be alive via the orphaned child process. And they don't necessarily show up quite the same in netstat. But all the same, the socket will hang around in CLOSE_WAIT while this child process is alive.

I had a case where I was running ADB. ADB itself spawns a server process if its not already running. This inherited all my handles initially, but did not show up as owning any of them when I was investigating (the same was true for both macOS and Windows - not sure about Linux).