How do I read the contents of a Node.js stream into a string variable?
Javascriptnode.jsStreamJavascript Problem Overview
I'm hacking on a Node program that uses smtp-protocol
to capture SMTP emails and act on the mail data. The library provides the mail data as a stream, and I don't know how to get that into a string.
I'm currently writing it to stdout with stream.pipe(process.stdout, { end: false })
, but as I said, I need the stream data in a string instead, which I can use once the stream has ended.
How do I collect all the data from a Node.js stream into a string?
Javascript Solutions
Solution 1 - Javascript
Another way would be to convert the stream to a promise (refer to the example below) and use then
(or await
) to assign the resolved value to a variable.
function streamToString (stream) {
const chunks = [];
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
stream.on('data', (chunk) => chunks.push(Buffer.from(chunk)));
stream.on('error', (err) => reject(err));
stream.on('end', () => resolve(Buffer.concat(chunks).toString('utf8')));
})
}
const result = await streamToString(stream)
Solution 2 - Javascript
None of the above worked for me. I needed to use the Buffer object:
const chunks = [];
readStream.on("data", function (chunk) {
chunks.push(chunk);
});
// Send the buffer or you can put it into a var
readStream.on("end", function () {
res.send(Buffer.concat(chunks));
});
Solution 3 - Javascript
Hope this is more useful than the above answer:
var string = '';
stream.on('data',function(data){
string += data.toString();
console.log('stream data ' + part);
});
stream.on('end',function(){
console.log('final output ' + string);
});
Note that string concatenation is not the most efficient way to collect the string parts, but it is used for simplicity (and perhaps your code does not care about efficiency).
Also, this code may produce unpredictable failures for non-ASCII text (it assumes that every character fits in a byte), but perhaps you do not care about that, either.
Solution 4 - Javascript
What do you think about this ?
async function streamToString(stream) {
// lets have a ReadableStream as a stream variable
const chunks = [];
for await (const chunk of stream) {
chunks.push(Buffer.from(chunk));
}
return Buffer.concat(chunks).toString("utf-8");
}
Solution 5 - Javascript
(This answer is from years ago, when it was the best answer. There is now a better answer below this. I haven't kept up with node.js, and I cannot delete this answer because it is marked "correct on this question". If you are thinking of down clicking, what do you want me to do?)
The key is to use the data
and end
events of a Readable Stream. Listen to these events:
stream.on('data', (chunk) => { ... });
stream.on('end', () => { ... });
When you receive the data
event, add the new chunk of data to a Buffer created to collect the data.
When you receive the end
event, convert the completed Buffer into a string, if necessary. Then do what you need to do with it.
Solution 6 - Javascript
I'm using usually this simple function to transform a stream into a string:
function streamToString(stream, cb) {
const chunks = [];
stream.on('data', (chunk) => {
chunks.push(chunk.toString());
});
stream.on('end', () => {
cb(chunks.join(''));
});
}
Usage example:
let stream = fs.createReadStream('./myFile.foo');
streamToString(stream, (data) => {
console.log(data); // data is now my string variable
});
Solution 7 - Javascript
And yet another one for strings using promises:
function getStream(stream) {
return new Promise(resolve => {
const chunks = [];
# Buffer.from is required if chunk is a String, see comments
stream.on("data", chunk => chunks.push(Buffer.from(chunk)));
stream.on("end", () => resolve(Buffer.concat(chunks).toString()));
});
}
Usage:
const stream = fs.createReadStream(__filename);
getStream(stream).then(r=>console.log(r));
remove the .toString()
to use with binary Data if required.
update: @AndreiLED correctly pointed out this has problems with strings. I couldn't get a stream returning strings with the version of node I have, but the api notes this is possible.
Solution 8 - Javascript
From the nodejs documentation you should do this - always remember a string without knowing the encoding is just a bunch of bytes:
var readable = getReadableStreamSomehow();
readable.setEncoding('utf8');
readable.on('data', function(chunk) {
assert.equal(typeof chunk, 'string');
console.log('got %d characters of string data', chunk.length);
})
Solution 9 - Javascript
Easy way with the popular (over 5m weekly downloads) and lightweight get-stream library:
https://www.npmjs.com/package/get-stream
const fs = require('fs');
const getStream = require('get-stream');
(async () => {
const stream = fs.createReadStream('unicorn.txt');
console.log(await getStream(stream)); //output is string
})();
Solution 10 - Javascript
Streams don't have a simple .toString()
function (which I understand) nor something like a .toStringAsync(cb)
function (which I don't understand).
So I created my own helper function:
var streamToString = function(stream, callback) {
var str = '';
stream.on('data', function(chunk) {
str += chunk;
});
stream.on('end', function() {
callback(str);
});
}
// how to use:
streamToString(myStream, function(myStr) {
console.log(myStr);
});
Solution 11 - Javascript
I had more luck using like that :
let string = '';
readstream
.on('data', (buf) => string += buf.toString())
.on('end', () => console.log(string));
I use node v9.11.1
and the readstream
is the response from a http.get
callback.
Solution 12 - Javascript
The cleanest solution may be to use the "string-stream" package, which converts a stream to a string with a promise.
const streamString = require('stream-string')
streamString(myStream).then(string_variable => {
// myStream was converted to a string, and that string is stored in string_variable
console.log(string_variable)
}).catch(err => {
// myStream emitted an error event (err), so the promise from stream-string was rejected
throw err
})
Solution 13 - Javascript
What about something like a stream reducer ?
Here is an example using ES6 classes how to use one.
var stream = require('stream')
class StreamReducer extends stream.Writable {
constructor(chunkReducer, initialvalue, cb) {
super();
this.reducer = chunkReducer;
this.accumulator = initialvalue;
this.cb = cb;
}
_write(chunk, enc, next) {
this.accumulator = this.reducer(this.accumulator, chunk);
next();
}
end() {
this.cb(null, this.accumulator)
}
}
// just a test stream
class EmitterStream extends stream.Readable {
constructor(chunks) {
super();
this.chunks = chunks;
}
_read() {
this.chunks.forEach(function (chunk) {
this.push(chunk);
}.bind(this));
this.push(null);
}
}
// just transform the strings into buffer as we would get from fs stream or http request stream
(new EmitterStream(
["hello ", "world !"]
.map(function(str) {
return Buffer.from(str, 'utf8');
})
)).pipe(new StreamReducer(
function (acc, v) {
acc.push(v);
return acc;
},
[],
function(err, chunks) {
console.log(Buffer.concat(chunks).toString('utf8'));
})
);
Solution 14 - Javascript
This worked for me and is based on Node v6.7.0 docs:
let output = '';
stream.on('readable', function() {
let read = stream.read();
if (read !== null) {
// New stream data is available
output += read.toString();
} else {
// Stream is now finished when read is null.
// You can callback here e.g.:
callback(null, output);
}
});
stream.on('error', function(err) {
callback(err, null);
})
Solution 15 - Javascript
setEncoding('utf8');
Well done Sebastian J above.
I had the "buffer problem" with a few lines of test code I had, and added the encoding information and it solved it, see below.
Demonstrate the problem
software
// process.stdin.setEncoding('utf8');
process.stdin.on('data', (data) => {
console.log(typeof(data), data);
});
input
hello world
output
object <Buffer 68 65 6c 6c 6f 20 77 6f 72 6c 64 0d 0a>
Demonstrate the solution
software
process.stdin.setEncoding('utf8'); // <- Activate!
process.stdin.on('data', (data) => {
console.log(typeof(data), data);
});
input
hello world
output
string hello world
Solution 16 - Javascript
All the answers listed appear to open the Readable Stream in flowing mode which is not the default in NodeJS and can have limitations since it lacks backpressure support that NodeJS provides in Paused Readable Stream Mode. Here is an implementation using Just Buffers, Native Stream and Native Stream Transforms and support for Object Mode
import {Transform} from 'stream';
let buffer =null;
function objectifyStream() {
return new Transform({
objectMode: true,
transform: function(chunk, encoding, next) {
if (!buffer) {
buffer = Buffer.from([...chunk]);
} else {
buffer = Buffer.from([...buffer, ...chunk]);
}
next(null, buffer);
}
});
}
process.stdin.pipe(objectifyStream()).process.stdout
Solution 17 - Javascript
Using the quite popular stream-buffers
package which you probably already have in your project dependencies, this is pretty straightforward:
// imports
const { WritableStreamBuffer } = require('stream-buffers');
const { promisify } = require('util');
const { createReadStream } = require('fs');
const pipeline = promisify(require('stream').pipeline);
// sample stream
let stream = createReadStream('/etc/hosts');
// pipeline the stream into a buffer, and print the contents when done
let buf = new WritableStreamBuffer();
pipeline(stream, buf).then(() => console.log(buf.getContents().toString()));
Solution 18 - Javascript
In my case, the content type response headers was Content-Type: text/plain. So, I've read the data from Buffer like:
let data = [];
stream.on('data', (chunk) => {
console.log(Buffer.from(chunk).toString())
data.push(Buffer.from(chunk).toString())
});