How do I post form data with fetch api?
JavascriptAjaxFetch ApiJavascript Problem Overview
My code:
fetch("api/xxx", {
body: new FormData(document.getElementById("form")),
headers: {
"Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
// "Content-Type": "multipart/form-data",
},
method: "post",
}
I tried to post my form using fetch api, and the body it sends is like:
-----------------------------114782935826962
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="email"
test@example.com
-----------------------------114782935826962
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="password"
pw
-----------------------------114782935826962--
(I don't know why the number in boundary is changed every time it sends...)
I would like it to send the data with "Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded", what should I do? Or if I just have to deal with it, how do I decode the data in my controller?
To whom answer my question, I know I can do it with:
fetch("api/xxx", {
body: "[email protected]&password=pw",
headers: {
"Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
},
method: "post",
}
What I want is something like $("#form").serialize() in jQuery (w/o using jQuery) or the way to decode mulitpart/form-data in controller. Thanks for your answers though.
Javascript Solutions
Solution 1 - Javascript
To quote MDN on FormData
(emphasis mine):
> The FormData
interface provides a way to easily construct a set of key/value pairs representing form fields and their values, which can then be easily sent using the XMLHttpRequest.send()
method. It uses the same format a form would use if the encoding type were set to "multipart/form-data"
.
So when using FormData
you are locking yourself into multipart/form-data
. There is no way to send a FormData
object as the body and not sending data in the multipart/form-data
format.
If you want to send the data as application/x-www-form-urlencoded
you will either have to specify the body as an URL-encoded string, or pass a URLSearchParams
object. The latter unfortunately cannot be directly initialized from a form
element. If you don’t want to iterate through your form elements yourself (which you could do using HTMLFormElement.elements
), you could also create a URLSearchParams
object from a FormData
object:
const data = new URLSearchParams();
for (const pair of new FormData(formElement)) {
data.append(pair[0], pair[1]);
}
fetch(url, {
method: 'post',
body: data,
})
.then(…);
Note that you do not need to specify a Content-Type
header yourself.
As noted by monk-time in the comments, you can also create URLSearchParams
and pass the FormData
object directly, instead of appending the values in a loop:
const data = new URLSearchParams(new FormData(formElement));
This still has some experimental support in browsers though, so make sure to test this properly before you use it.
Solution 2 - Javascript
Client
Do not set the content-type header.
// Build formData object.
let formData = new FormData();
formData.append('name', 'John');
formData.append('password', 'John123');
fetch("api/SampleData",
{
body: formData,
method: "post"
});
Server
Use the FromForm
attribute to specify that binding source is form data.
[Route("api/[controller]")]
public class SampleDataController : Controller
{
[HttpPost]
public IActionResult Create([FromForm]UserDto dto)
{
return Ok();
}
}
public class UserDto
{
public string Name { get; set; }
public string Password { get; set; }
}
Solution 3 - Javascript
You can set body
to an instance of URLSearchParams
with query string passed as argument
fetch("/path/to/server", {
method:"POST"
, body:new URLSearchParams("[email protected]&password=pw")
})
document.forms[0].onsubmit = async(e) => {
e.preventDefault();
const params = new URLSearchParams([...new FormData(e.target).entries()]);
// fetch("/path/to/server", {method:"POST", body:params})
const response = await new Response(params).text();
console.log(response);
}
<form>
<input name="email" value="[email protected]">
<input name="password" value="pw">
<input type="submit">
</form>
Solution 4 - Javascript
Use FormData
and fetch
to grab and send data
fetch(form.action, {method:'post', body: new FormData(form)});
function send(e,form) {
fetch(form.action, {method:'post', body: new FormData(form)});
console.log('We send post asynchronously (AJAX)');
e.preventDefault();
}
<form method="POST" action="myapi/send" onsubmit="send(event,this)">
<input hidden name="csrfToken" value="a1e24s1">
<input name="email" value="[email protected]">
<input name="phone" value="123-456-789">
<input type="submit">
</form>
Look on chrome console>network before/after 'submit'
Solution 5 - Javascript
With fetch api it turned out that you do NOT have to include headers "Content-type": "multipart/form-data".
So the following works:
let formData = new FormData()
formData.append("nameField", fileToSend)
fetch(yourUrlToPost, {
method: "POST",
body: formData
})
Note that with axios I had to use the content-type.
Solution 6 - Javascript
These can help you:
let formData = new FormData();
formData.append("name", "John");
formData.append("password", "John123");
fetch("https://yourwebhook", {
method: "POST",
mode: "no-cors",
cache: "no-cache",
credentials: "same-origin",
headers: {
"Content-Type": "form-data"
},
body: formData
});
//router.push("/registro-completado");
} else {
// doc.data() will be undefined in this case
console.log("No such document!");
}
})
.catch(function(error) {
console.log("Error getting document:", error);
});
Solution 7 - Javascript
To add on the good answers above you can also avoid setting explicitly the action in HTML and use an event handler in javascript, using "this" as the form to create the "FormData" object
Html form :
<form id="mainForm" class="" novalidate>
<!--Whatever here...-->
</form>
In your JS :
$("#mainForm").submit(function( event ) {
event.preventDefault();
const formData = new URLSearchParams(new FormData(this));
fetch("http://localhost:8080/your/server",
{ method: 'POST',
mode : 'same-origin',
credentials: 'same-origin' ,
body : formData
})
.then(function(response) {
return response.text()
}).then(function(text) {
//text is the server's response
});
});
Solution 8 - Javascript
@KamilKiełczewski answer is great if you are okay with the form data format being in form multipart style, however if you need the form submitted in query parameter styles:
> You can also pass FormData directly to the URLSearchParams constructor if you want to generate query parameters in the way a
Solution 9 - Javascript
To post form data with fetch api, try this code it works for me ^_^
function card(fileUri) {
let body = new FormData();
let formData = new FormData();
formData.append('file', fileUri);
fetch("http://X.X.X.X:PORT/upload",
{
body: formData,
method: "post"
});
}