How do I make my ArrayList Thread-Safe? Another approach to problem in Java?

I have an ArrayList that I want to use to hold RaceCar objects that extend the Thread class as soon as they are finished executing. A class, called Race, handles this ArrayList using a callback method that the RaceCar object calls when it is finished executing. The callback method, addFinisher(RaceCar finisher), adds the RaceCar object to the ArrayList. This is supposed to give the order in which the Threads finish executing.

I know that ArrayList isn't synchronized and thus isn't thread-safe. I tried using the Collections.synchronizedCollection(c Collection) method by passing in a new ArrayList and assigning the returned Collection to an ArrayList. However, this gives me a compiler error:

Race.java:41: incompatible types
found   : java.util.Collection
required: java.util.ArrayList
finishingOrder = Collections.synchronizedCollection(new ArrayList(numberOfRaceCars));

Here is the relevant code:

public class Race implements RaceListener {
    private Thread[] racers;
    private ArrayList finishingOrder;
    
    //Make an ArrayList to hold RaceCar objects to determine winners
    finishingOrder = Collections.synchronizedCollection(new ArrayList(numberOfRaceCars));
    		
    //Fill array with RaceCar objects
    for(int i=0; i<numberOfRaceCars; i++) {
    racers[i] = new RaceCar(laps, inputs[i]);
	
        //Add this as a RaceListener to each RaceCar
        ((RaceCar) racers[i]).addRaceListener(this);
    }

    //Implement the one method in the RaceListener interface
    public void addFinisher(RaceCar finisher) {
        finishingOrder.add(finisher);
    }

What I need to know is, am I using a correct approach and if not, what should I use to make my code thread-safe? Thanks for the help!

Use Collections.synchronizedList().

Ex:

Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList<YourClassNameHere>())

Change

private ArrayList finishingOrder;

//Make an ArrayList to hold RaceCar objects to determine winners
finishingOrder = Collections.synchronizedCollection(new ArrayList(numberOfRaceCars)

to

private List finishingOrder;

//Make an ArrayList to hold RaceCar objects to determine winners
finishingOrder = Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList(numberOfRaceCars)

List is a supertype of ArrayList so you need to specify that.

Otherwise, what you're doing seems fine. Other option is you can use Vector, which is synchronized, but this is probably what I would do.

CopyOnWriteArrayList

Use CopyOnWriteArrayList class. This is the thread safe version of ArrayList.

You might be using the wrong approach. Just because one thread that simulates a car finishes before another car-simulation thread doesn't mean that the first thread should win the simulated race.

It depends a lot on your application, but it might be better to have one thread that computes the state of all cars at small time intervals until the race is complete. Or, if you prefer to use multiple threads, you might have each car record the "simulated" time it took to complete the race, and choose the winner as the one with shortest time.

You can also use synchronized keyword for addFinisher method like this

    //Implement the one method in the RaceListener interface
    public synchronized void addFinisher(RaceCar finisher) {
        finishingOrder.add(finisher);
    }

So you can use ArrayList add method thread-safe with this way.

Whenever you want to use ant thread safe version of ant collection object,take help of java.util.concurrent.* package. It has almost all concurrent version of unsynchronized collection objects. eg: for ArrayList, you have java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList

You can do Collections.synchronizedCollection(any collection object),but remember this classical synchr. technique is expensive and comes with performence overhead. java.util.concurrent.* package is less expensive and manage the performance in better way by using mechanisms like

> copy-on-write,compare-and-swap,Lock,snapshot iterators,etc.

So,Prefer something from java.util.concurrent. package*

You can also use as Vector instead, as vectors are thread safe and arraylist are not. Though vectors are old but they can solve your purpose easily.

But you can make your Arraylist synchronized like code given this:

Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList(numberOfRaceCars())); 

You can change from ArrayList to Vector type, in which every method is synchronized.

private Vector finishingOrder;
//Make a Vector to hold RaceCar objects to determine winners
finishingOrder = new Vector(numberOfRaceCars);