    &gt;&gt;&gt; import os
    &gt;&gt;&gt; f = os.path.getmtime(&#39;test1.jpg&#39;)
    &gt;&gt;&gt; f
    1223995325.0

since the beginning of (epoch)



[os.stat()][1]


    import os
    filename = &quot;/etc/fstab&quot;
    statbuf = os.stat(filename)
    print(&quot;Modification time: {}&quot;.format(statbuf.st_mtime))

Linux does not record the creation time of a file ([for most fileystems](https://unix.stackexchange.com/q/24441/61642)).

  [1]: http://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat

New for python 3.4+ (see: [pathlib][1])

    import pathlib

    path = Path(&#39;some/path/to/file.ext&#39;)
    last_modified = path.stat().st_mtime


  [1]: https://docs.python.org/3/library/pathlib.html

I have two raw sound streams that I need to add together.  For the purposes of this question, we can assume they are the same bitrate and bit depth (say 16 bit sample, 44.1khz sample rate).

Obviously if I just add them together I will overflow and underflow my 16 bit space.  If I add them together and divide by two, then the volume of each is halved, which isn&#39;t correct sonically - if two people are speaking in a room, their voices don&#39;t become quieter by half, and a microphone can pick them both up without hitting the limiter.

  - So what&#39;s the correct method to add these sounds together in my software mixer?  
  - Am I wrong and the correct method is to lower the volume of each by half?  
  - Do I need to add a compressor/limiter or some other processing stage to get the volume and mixing effect I&#39;m trying for?

-Adam

Algorithm to mix sound

The GUI for managing plugins in Eclipse got a bit of an overhaul in version 3.4.0. 
This GUI is accessed via the &quot;Software Updates...&quot; option in the Help menu. 


The option to remove the selected Mylyn plugin is greyed out. In fact, this is true of virtually every installed plugin. I know that the Mylyn plugins are optional, so why amn&#39;t I provided with an option to remove them?



How to uninstall plugins in Eclipse 3.4.X or higher

Assuming the file exists (using `os.path.exists(filename)` to first make sure that it does), how do I display the time a file was last modified?  This is on Linux if that makes any difference.

How do I get the time a file was last modified in Python?

<p>Assuming the file exists (using <code>os.path.exists(filename)</code> to first make sure that it does), how do I display the time a file was last modified?  This is on Linux if that makes any difference.</p>


I&#39;m using the [subprocess module][1] to start a subprocess and connect to its output stream (standard output). I want to be able to execute non-blocking reads on its standard output. Is there a way to make .readline non-blocking or to check if there is data on the stream before I invoke `.readline`? I&#39;d like this to be portable or at least work under Windows and Linux.

Here is how I do it for now (it&#39;s blocking on the `.readline` if no data is available):

    p = subprocess.Popen(&#39;myprogram.exe&#39;, stdout = subprocess.PIPE)
    output_str = p.stdout.readline()

  [1]: http://docs.python.org/library/subprocess.html


A non-blocking read on a subprocess.PIPE in Python

In Python, the where and when of using string concatenation versus string substitution eludes me. As the string concatenation has seen large boosts in performance, is this (becoming more) a stylistic decision rather than a practical one?

For a concrete example, how should one handle construction of flexible URIs:

    DOMAIN = &#39;http://stackoverflow.com&#39;
    QUESTIONS = &#39;/questions&#39;

    def so_question_uri_sub(q_num):
        return &quot;%s%s/%d&quot; % (DOMAIN, QUESTIONS, q_num)

    def so_question_uri_cat(q_num):
        return DOMAIN + QUESTIONS + &#39;/&#39; + str(q_num)

Edit: There have also been suggestions about joining a list of strings and for using named substitution. These are variants on the central theme, which is, which way is the Right Way to do it at which time? Thanks for the responses!

String concatenation vs. string substitution in Python

In Python, is there a portable and simple way to test if an executable program exists?

By simple I mean something like the `which` command which would be just perfect. I don&#39;t want to search PATH manually or something involving trying to execute it with `Popen` &amp; al and see if it fails (that&#39;s what I&#39;m doing now, but imagine it&#39;s `launchmissiles`)

Test if executable exists in Python?

How do I get my Python program to sleep for 50 milliseconds?


How do I get my program to sleep for 50 milliseconds?

I want to get a list of all Django auth user with a specific permission group, something like this:


    user_dict = {
	    &#39;queryset&#39;: User.objects.filter(permisson=&#39;blogger&#39;)
    }

I cannot find out how to do this. How are the permissions groups saved in the user model?

How to get a list of all users with a specific permission group in Django

If I had a million images, would it be better to store them in some folder/sub-folder hierarchy or just dump them all straight into a bucket (without any folders)?

Would dumping all the images into a hierarchy-less bucket slow down LIST operations?

Is there a significant overhead in creating folders and sub folders on the fly and setting up their ACLs (programatically speaking)?

Max files per directory in S3

What is the recommended location to save user preference files? Is there a recommended method for dealing with user preferences?

Currently I use the path returned from `typeof(MyLibrary).Assembly.Location` as a default location to store files generated or required by the application.

EDIT:
I found two related/interesting questions:

 * https://stackoverflow.com/questions/147533/best-place-to-save-user-information-xp-and-vista
 * https://stackoverflow.com/questions/348022/whats-the-way-to-implement-save-load-functionality

EDIT #2:
This is just a note for people like me who had never used settings before.
Settings are pretty useful, but I had to do a whole bunch of digging to figure out what was going on (coming from the Python world, not something I am used too). Things got complicated as I wanted to save dictionaries and apparently they can&#39;t be serialized. Settings also seem to get stored in 3 different files depending on what you do. There is an `app.config`, `user.config` and a `settings.setting` file. So here are two more links that I found useful:
 
 * http://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/csharpgeneral/thread/ddeaca86-a093-4997-82c9-01bc0c630138 
 * http://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/winforms/thread/efe370dc-f933-4e55-adf7-3cd8063949b0/





WPF/C#: Where should I be saving user preferences files?

I want to move a file with Ruby. How do I do that?

How do I move a file with Ruby?

I am writing a nightly build script in bash.   
Everything is fine and dandy except for one little snag:
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;
#!/bin/bash

for file in &quot;$PATH_TO_SOMEWHERE&quot;; do
      if [ -d $file ]
      then
              # do something directory-ish
      else
              if [ &quot;$file&quot; == &quot;*.txt&quot; ]       #  this is the snag
              then
                     # do something txt-ish
              fi
      fi
done;
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

My problem is determining the file extension and then acting accordingly.  I know the issue is in the if-statement, testing for a txt file.  

How can I determine if a file has a .txt suffix?


How to check the extension of a filename in a bash script?

In a C# console application, is there a smart way to have console output mirrored to a text file?

Currently I am just passing the same string to both `Console.WriteLine` and `InstanceOfStreamWriter.WriteLine` in a log method.



Mirroring console output to a file

How do I get the current time?

How to format correctly according to the device configuration date and time when having a year, month, day, hour and minute?

How to format date and time in Android?

Is there a common way to get the current time in or with milliseconds?

There is `os.time()`, but it only provides full seconds.

Lua - Current time in milliseconds

What&#39;s a good time picker for jquery or standalone js? I would like something like google uses in their calendar where it has a drop down of common times in 15min intervals or lets you manually type in a time and it validates it.



What&#39;s a Good Javascript Time Picker?

I&#39;m looking to fill a text input with a time that the user can choose in 15 minute intervals. I know there are a few plugins out there. I was wondering if there was any “industry standard” plugin, or strong objective reasons to prefer a particular one in common scenarios.


Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	Bill the Lizard	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - Python	Jack	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 2 - Python	Douglas Leeder	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 3 - Python	Brian Bruggeman	View Answer on Stackoverflow

How do I get the time a file was last modified in Python?

Python Problem Overview

Python Solutions

Solution 1 - Python

Solution 2 - Python

Solution 3 - Python

How to uninstall plugins in Eclipse 3.4.X or higher

Algorithm to mix sound

Attributions