Try

    apt-get -d install &lt;packages&gt;

It is documented in `man apt-get`.

Just for clarification; the downloaded packages are located in the apt package
cache at

    /var/cache/apt/archives

There are a least these `apt-get` extension packages that can help:

    apt-offline - offline apt package manager
    apt-zip - Update a non-networked computer using apt and removable media

This is specifically for the case of wanting to *download* where you have network access but to *install* on another machine where you do not.

Otherwise, the  `--download-only` option to `apt-get` is your friend:

     -d, --download-only
         Download only; package files are only retrieved, not unpacked or installed.
         Configuration Item: APT::Get::Download-Only.


Don&#39;t forget the option &quot;-o&quot;, which lets you download anywhere you want, although you have to create &quot;archives&quot;, &quot;lock&quot; and &quot;partial&quot; first (the command prints what&#39;s needed).

    apt-get install -d -o=dir::cache=/tmp whateveryouwant

What is the difference between persist() and merge() in Hibernate?

`persist()` can create a UPDATE &amp; INSERT query, eg:

    SessionFactory sef = cfg.buildSessionFactory();
    Session session = sef.openSession();
    A a=new A();
    session.persist(a);
    a.setName(&quot;Mario&quot;);
    session.flush();

in this case **query** will be generated like this:

    Hibernate: insert into A (NAME, ID) values (?, ?)
    Hibernate: update A set NAME=? where ID=?

so `persist()` method can **generate** an Insert and an Update.

Now with `merge()`:

    SessionFactory sef = cfg.buildSessionFactory();
    Session session = sef.openSession();
    Singer singer = new Singer();
    singer.setName(&quot;Luciano Pavarotti&quot;);
    session.merge(singer);
    session.flush();

This is what I see in the database:

    SINGER_ID	SINGER_NAME
    1	        Ricky Martin
    2	        Madonna
    3	        Elvis Presley
    4	        Luciano Pavarotti

Now update a record using `merge()`
        
    SessionFactory sef = cfg.buildSessionFactory();
    Session session = sef.openSession();
    Singer singer = new Singer();
    singer.setId(2);
    singer.setName(&quot;Luciano Pavarotti&quot;);
    session.merge(singer);
    session.flush();

This is what I see in the database:

    SINGER_ID	SINGER_NAME
    1	        Ricky Martin
    2	        Luciano Pavarotti
    3	        Elvis Presley


What is the difference between persist() and merge() in JPA and Hibernate?

Take a look at the following program:

    class Test
    {
        List&lt;int&gt; myList = new List&lt;int&gt;();

        public void TestMethod()
        {
            myList.Add(100);
            myList.Add(50);
            myList.Add(10);

            ChangeList(myList);

            foreach (int i in myList)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(i);
            }
        }

        private void ChangeList(List&lt;int&gt; myList)
        {
            myList.Sort();

            List&lt;int&gt; myList2 = new List&lt;int&gt;();
            myList2.Add(3);
            myList2.Add(4);

            myList = myList2;
        }
    }

I assumed `myList` would have passed by `ref`, and the output would 

    3
    4

The list is indeed &quot;passed by ref&quot;, but only the `sort` function takes effect. The following statement `myList = myList2;` has no effect.

So the output is in fact:

    10
    50
    100

Can you help me explain this behavior? If indeed `myList` is not _passed-by-ref_ (as it appears from `myList = myList2` not taking effect), how does `myList.Sort()` take effect? 

I was assuming even that statement to not take effect and the output to be:

    100
    50
    10


List passed by ref - help me explain this behaviour

I have a computer without a [NIC][1], and I want to install some programs in it via USB memory, but how can I download a program from [apt-get][2] without installing it?

  [1]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_interface_controller
  [2]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Packaging_Tool


How do I download a package from apt-get without installing it?

<p>I have a computer without a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_interface_controller" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">NIC</a>, and I want to install some programs in it via USB memory, but how can I download a program from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Packaging_Tool" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">apt-get</a> without installing it?</p>


How could I search the contents of PDF files in a directory/subdirectory? I am looking for some command line tools. It seems that `grep` can&#39;t search PDF files.

How to search contents of multiple pdf files?

I have a `#!/bin/bash` file in cron.week directory.

Is there a way to test if it works? Can&#39;t wait 1 week

I am on Debian 6 with root

Test a weekly cron job

I have troubles compiling some of the examples shipped with CUDA SDK.
I have installed the developers driver (version 270.41.19) and the CUDA toolkit,
then finally the SDK (both the 4.0.17 version).

Initially it didn&#39;t compile at all giving:

    error -- unsupported GNU version! gcc 4.5 and up are not supported!
 
I found the line responsible in 81:/usr/local/cuda/include/host_config.h  and changed it to:

    //#if __GNUC__ &gt; 4 || (__GNUC__ == 4 &amp;&amp; __GNUC_MINOR__ &gt; 4)
    #if __GNUC__ &gt; 4 || (__GNUC__ == 4 &amp;&amp; __GNUC_MINOR__ &gt; 6)

from that point on I got only a few of the examples to compile, it stops with:

    In file included from /usr/include/c++/4.6/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/gthr.h:162:0,
                 from /usr/include/c++/4.6/ext/atomicity.h:34,
                 from /usr/include/c++/4.6/bits/ios_base.h:41,
                 from /usr/include/c++/4.6/ios:43,
                 from /usr/include/c++/4.6/ostream:40,
                 from /usr/include/c++/4.6/iterator:64,
                 from /usr/local/cuda/include/thrust/iterator/iterator_categories.h:38,
                 from /usr/local/cuda/include/thrust/device_ptr.h:26,
                 from /usr/local/cuda/include/thrust/device_malloc_allocator.h:27,
                 from /usr/local/cuda/include/thrust/device_vector.h:26,
                 from lineOfSight.cu:37:
    /usr/include/c++/4.6/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/gthr-default.h:251:1: error: pasting         &quot;__gthrw_&quot; and &quot;/* Android&#39;s C library does not provide pthread_cancel, check for
    `pthread_create&#39; instead.  */&quot; does not give a valid preprocessing token
    make[1]: *** [obj/x86_64/release/lineOfSight.cu.o] Error 1
    
As some of the examples compile I reckon this is not a driver problem, but rather must have something to do with an unsupported gcc version. Downgrading is not an option as gcc4.6 has a whole system as a dependency at this point...    

CUDA incompatible with my gcc version

There is a ton of information on how to do this, but since *&quot;there is more than one way to skin a cat&quot;*, and all the tutorials/manuals that cover a bit of the process seem to make certain assumptions which are different from other tutorials, I still didn&#39;t manage to grasp it.

So far this is what I think I understood.

1. My final goal should be that of creating a &quot;binary&quot; .deb package. Such package will be platform-independent (32/64 bit) as all Python programs are such.
2. To create a &quot;binary&quot; package I need first to create a source package.
3. To create the source package I can use either `CDBS` or `debhelper`. Debhelper is the recommended way for beginners.
4. The core of creating a source package is populating the `DEBIAN` directory in the source directory with a number of files clarifying where files need to be copied, what copyright and licensing scheme they are subject to, what dependencies they have, etc...
5. Step #4 can be largely automated the `dh_make`command *if* the Python source also comes with a distutils&#39; `setup.py` script.

Now my questions:

1. **Is my understanding of the process correct?** Is there anything I am missing, or anything that I got wrong?
2. Step #5 is really the more confusing to me: specifically the two points that remains most obscure to me are:
   - **How do I write a `setup.py` script that install a stand-alone programme?** **EDIT:** By _standalone programme_ I mean a program intended to be used by a desktop user (as opposed to a _module_ which I understand like a collection of functionality to be used by other software after having been imported). In my specific case I would actually need *two* such &quot;programs&quot;: the main software and a separate utility (in effect a second &quot;program&quot; that should be in the same package with the other one).
   - **What are the specificities of such a script for DEB packages?** The official documentation only seems to deal with RPM and Windows stuff...

BTW: These are the best sources of information that I could find myself so far. If you have anything better than this, please share! :)

- [Ubuntu&#39;s Python packaging guide][1]
- [Creating a .deb package from a python setup.py][2] (it _shows_ the steps, but it doesn&#39;t _explain_ them enough for me to follow along)
- [ShowMeDo video on &quot;creating a .deb package out of a python
  program&quot;][3] (it doesn&#39;t seem up-to-date and - if I got it right - will produce packages for personal use, without dependencies
and without a signed changelog and other key data that will make it incompatible with the Debian policy).

  [1]: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/PackagingGuide/Python#The_debhelper_way
  [2]: http://ghantoos.org/2008/10/19/creating-a-deb-package-from-a-python-setuppy/
  [3]: http://showmedo.com/videotutorials/series?name=linuxJensMakingDebSeries


Is there a standard way to create Debian packages for distributing Python programs?

Every time I run a script using `bash scriptname.sh` from the command line in Debian, I get `Command Not found` and then the result of the script.

The script works but there is always a `Command Not Found` statement printed on screen for each empty line. Each blank line is resulting in a command not found.

I am running the script from the `/var` folder.

Here is the script:

    #!/bin/bash

    echo Hello World

I run it by typing the following:

    bash testscript.sh

Why would this occur?

Bash script prints &quot;Command Not Found&quot; on empty lines

I just installed Jenkins on my Ubuntu server via the debian installation steps (using apt-get install).  I want my build to pull from a private git repository on GitHub.  With that, I need to use SSH access to get to my repository.

Most of my search results have just said to login as the Jenkins user and generate an SSH key for my GitHub account, but installing through the debian package manager, I don&#39;t have a password for the Jenkins user.

So how do I generate an SSH key for my Jenkins server to use?

Jenkins User on Apt-Get Install Installation

Is there any `apt-get`-like program for use with Cygwin?

I already tried `cyg-apt` but when I try I get this error:

    cyg-apt: downloading: http://cygwin.mirrors.pair.com/setup-2.bz2
    cyg-apt: downloading: http://cygwin.mirrors.pair.com/setup-2.ini
    cyg-apt: bad URL http://cygwin.mirrors.pair.com/setup-2.ini, exiting.

apt-get for Cygwin?

I&#39;m trying to create puppet module which automates installation of zend server CE, this is not important here, but steps are as following

 1. update /etc/apt/source.list
 2. download repos key via wget
 3. do apt-get update
 4. do apt-get install zend-server-ce-5.2

I have `init.pp` file

    class zendserverce {

	# https://github.com/puppetlabs/puppetlabs-stdlib
	file_line { &#39;debian_package&#39;:
	   	path =&gt; &#39;/etc/apt/sources.list&#39;,
	   	line =&gt; &#39;deb http://repos.zend.com/zend-server/deb server non-free&#39;
	}

	exec { &quot;wget http://repos.zend.com/zend.key -O- |apt-key add -&quot;:
	    path =&gt; [&quot;/usr/bin&quot;, &quot;/usr/sbin&quot;]
  	}
  	
  	exec { &quot;apt-get update&quot;:
		command =&gt; &quot;/usr/bin/apt-get update&quot;,
		onlyif  =&gt; &quot;/bin/sh -c &#39;[ ! -f /var/cache/apt/pkgcache.bin ] || /usr/bin/find /etc/apt/* -cnewer /var/cache/apt/pkgcache.bin | /bin/grep . &gt; /dev/null&#39;&quot;,
	}

    package { &quot;zend-server-ce-php-5.2&quot;:
        ensure =&gt; &quot;latest&quot;
   	}

    }


Seems that puppet runs commands in different order then I need. Is there any way how to for tell him to run in my desired order?

The output of such snippet is

      [0;36mnotice: /Stage[main]/Mc/Package[mc]/ensure: ensure changed &#39;purged&#39; to &#39;latest&#39;[0m
      [1;35merr: /Stage[main]/Zendserverce/Package[zend-server-ce-php-5.2]/ensure: change from purged to latest failed: Could not update: Execution of &#39;/usr/bin/apt-get -q -y -o DPkg::Options::=--force-confold install zend-server-ce-php-5.2&#39; returned 100: Reading package lists...
      Building dependency tree...
      Reading state information...
      E: Couldn&#39;t find package zend-server-ce-php-5.2 at /tmp/vagrant-puppet/modules 0/zendserverce/manifests/init.pp:28[0m
      [0;36mnotice: /Stage[main]/Zendserverce/Exec[wget http://repos.zend.com/zend.key -O- |apt-key add -]/returns: executed successfully[0m
      [0;36mnotice: /Stage[main]/Zendserverce/File_line[debian_package]/ensure: created[0m
      [0;36mnotice: Finished catalog run in 6.75 seconds[0m


So it says: Couldn&#39;t find package zend-server-ce-php-5.2

Can anyone guide me what is wrong?

Run `apt-get update` before installing other packages with Puppet

Here is how the error output is if I run `virtualbox` from the terminal. How to correct it? I am on a Ubuntu 12.10 64bit machine.

    virtualbox
    WARNING: The character device /dev/vboxdrv does not exist.
    	 Please install the virtualbox-ose-dkms package and the appropriate
    	 headers, most likely linux-headers-generic.
    
    	 You will not be able to start VMs until this problem is fixed.

EDIT:

I have both the latest `linux-headers-generic` and `virtualbox-ose-dkms` packages

How to correct virtualbox installation

I&#39;m trying to install a package on a machine with no Internet connection. What I want to do is download all the packages and dependences on a machine WITH an Internet connection and then sneaker-net everything to the offline computer.

I&#39;ve been playing with the `apt-get` and `apt-cache` but I haven&#39;t figured out a quick and easy way to download the package and dependencies in one swoop to a directory of my choosing. How would I do this? Am I going about this problem correctly?
How would you install offline packages that have a lot of dependencies?

 

Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	Manuel de Leon	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - Debian	Marcus Borkenhagen	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 2 - Debian	Dirk Eddelbuettel	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 3 - Debian	Alfonso Vila	View Answer on Stackoverflow

How do I download a package from apt-get without installing it?

Debian Problem Overview

Debian Solutions

Solution 1 - Debian

Solution 2 - Debian

Solution 3 - Debian

List passed by ref - help me explain this behaviour

What is the difference between persist() and merge() in JPA and Hibernate?

Attributions