How do I deal with certificates using cURL while trying to access an HTTPS url?
CurlHttpsCurl Problem Overview
I am getting the following error using curl:
curl: (77) error setting certificate verify locations: CAfile: /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt CApath: none
How do I set this certificate verify locations?
Curl Solutions
Solution 1 - Curl
I also had the newest version of ca-certificates installed but was still getting the error:
curl: (77) error setting certificate verify locations:
CAfile: /etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt
CApath: none
The issue was that curl expected the certificate to be at the path /etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt
but could not find it because it was at the path /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt
.
Copying my certificate to the expected destination by running
sudo cp /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt /etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt
worked for me. You will need to create folders for the target destination if they do not exist by running
sudo mkdir -p /etc/pki/tls/certs
If needed, modify the above command to make the destination file name match the path expected by curl, i.e. replace /etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt
with the path following "CAfile:" in your error message.
Solution 2 - Curl
This error is related to a missing package: ca-certificates
. Install it.
In Ubuntu Linux (and similar distro):
# apt-get install ca-certificates
In CygWin via Apt-Cyg
# apt-cyg install ca-certificates
In Arch Linux (Raspberry Pi)
# pacman -S ca-certificates
The documentation tells:
> This package includes PEM files of CA certificates to allow SSL-based applications to check for the authenticity of SSL connections.
As seen at: Debian -- Details of package ca-certificates in squeeze
Solution 3 - Curl
Put this into your .bashrc
# fix CURL certificates path
export CURL_CA_BUNDLE=/etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt
(see comment from Robert)
Solution 4 - Curl
Create a file ~/.curlrc
with the following content
cacert=/etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt
as follows
echo "cacert=/etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt" >> ~/.curlrc
Solution 5 - Curl
The quickest way to get around the error is add on the -k option somewhere in your curl request. That option "allows connections to SSL cites without certs." (from curl --help)
Be aware that this may mean that you're not talking to the endpoint you think you are, as they are presenting a certificate not signed by a CA you trust.
For example:
$ curl -o /usr/bin/apt-cyg https://raw.github.com/cfg/apt-cyg/master/apt-cyg
gave me the following error response:
curl: (77) error setting certificate verify locations:
CAfile: /usr/ssl/certs/ca-bundle.crt
CApath: none
I added on -k:
curl -o /usr/bin/apt-cyg https://raw.github.com/cfg/apt-cyg/master/apt-cyg -k
and no error message. As a bonus, now I have apt-cyg installed. And ca-certificates.
Solution 6 - Curl
From $ man curl
:
--cert-type <type>
(SSL) Tells curl what certificate type the provided certificate
is in. PEM, DER and ENG are recognized types. If not specified,
PEM is assumed.
If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.
--cacert <CA certificate>
(SSL) Tells curl to use the specified certificate file to verify
the peer. The file may contain multiple CA certificates. The
certificate(s) must be in PEM format. Normally curl is built to
use a default file for this, so this option is typically used to
alter that default file.
Solution 7 - Curl
@roens is correct. This affects all Anaconda users, with below error
curl: (77) error setting certificate verify locations: CAfile: /etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt CApath: none
The workaround is to use the default system curl and avoid messing with the prepended Anaconda PATH
variable. You can either
-
Rename the Anaconda curl binary :)
mv /path/to/anaconda/bin/curl /path/to/anaconda/bin/curl_anaconda
-
OR remove Anaconda curl
conda remove curl
$ which curl /usr/bin/curl
[0] Anaconda Ubuntu curl Github issue https://github.com/conda/conda-recipes/issues/352
Solution 8 - Curl
Another alternative to fix this problem is to disable the certificate validation:
echo insecure >> ~/.curlrc
Solution 9 - Curl
For PHP code running on XAMPP on Windows I found I needed to edit php.ini to include the below
[curl]
; A default value for the CURLOPT_CAINFO option. This is required to be an
; absolute path.
curl.cainfo = curl-ca-bundle.crt
and then copy to a file https://curl.haxx.se/ca/cacert.pem and rename to curl-ca-bundle.crt and place it under \xampp path (I couldn't get curl.capath to work). I also found the CAbundle on the cURL site wasn't enough for the remote site I was connecting to, so used one that is listed with a pre-compiled Windows version of curl 7.47.1 at http://winampplugins.co.uk/curl/
Solution 10 - Curl
I had the exact same problem. As it turns out, my /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt
file was malformed. The last entry showed something like this:
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
MIIEDTCCAvWgAwIBAgIJAN..lots of certificate text....AwIBAgIJAN-----END CERTIFICATE-----
After adding a newline before -----END CERTIFICATE-----
, curl was able handle the certificates file.
This was very annoying to find out since my update-ca-certificates
command did not give me any warning.
This may or may not be a version specific problem of curl, so here is my version, just for completeness:
curl --version
# curl 7.51.0 (x86_64-alpine-linux-musl) libcurl/7.51.0 OpenSSL/1.0.2j zlib/1.2.8 libssh2/1.7.0
# Protocols: dict file ftp ftps gopher http https imap imaps pop3 pop3s rtsp scp sftp smb smbs smtp smtps telnet tftp
# Features: IPv6 Largefile NTLM NTLM_WB SSL libz TLS-SRP UnixSockets
Solution 11 - Curl
If anyone is still having trouble, try this, it worked for me.
Delete the files in your /etc/ssl/certs/
directory
then reinstall ca-certificates:
sudo apt install ca-certificates --reinstall
Did this when I tried installing Linuxbrew.
Solution 12 - Curl
curl performs SSL
certificate verification by default, using a "bundle"
of Certificate Authority (CA)
public keys (CA certs). The default
bundle is named curl-ca-bundle.crt; you can specify an alternate file
using the --cacert option.
If this HTTPS
server uses a certificate signed by a CA represented in
the bundle, the certificate verification probably failed due to a
problem with the certificate (it might be expired, or the name might
not match the domain name in the URL).
If you'd like to turn off curl's verification of the certificate, use
the -k (or --insecure
) option.
for example
curl --insecure http://........
Solution 13 - Curl
This worked for me
sudo apt-get install ca-certificates
then go into the certificates folder at
sudo cd /etc/ssl/certs
then you copy the ca-certificates.crt file into the /etc/pki/tls/certs
sudo cp ca-certificates.crt /etc/pki/tls/certs
if there is no tls/certs folder: create one and change permissions using chmod 777 -R folderNAME
Solution 14 - Curl
It seems your curl points to a non-existing file with CA certs or similar.
For the primary reference on CA certs with curl, see: https://curl.haxx.se/docs/sslcerts.html
Solution 15 - Curl
Just create the folders, which is missing in your system..
> /etc/pki/tls/certs/
and create the file using the following command,
> sudo apt-get install ca-certificates
and then copy and paste the certificate to the destination folder, which is showing in your error.. mine was " with message 'error setting certificate verify locations: CAfile: /etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt CApath: none' in
" make sure you paste the file to the exact location mentioned in the error. Use the following command to copy paste..
> sudo cp /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt > /etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt
Fixed.
Solution 16 - Curl
I've got the same problem : I'm building a alpine based docker image, and when I want to curl to a website of my organisation, this error appears. To solve it, I have to get the CA cert of my company, then, I have to add it to the CA certs of my image.
Get the CA certificate
Use OpenSSL to get the certificates related to the website :
openssl s_client -showcerts -servername my.company.website.org -connect my.company.website.org:443
This will output something like :
CONNECTED(00000005)
depth=2 CN = UbisoftRootCA
verify error:num=19:self signed certificate in certificate chain
...
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
...
-----END CERTIFICATE-----
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
...
-----END CERTIFICATE-----
...
Get the last certificate (the content between the -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
and the
-----END CERTIFICATE-----
markups included) and save it into a file (mycompanyRootCA.crt for example)
Build your image
Then, when you'll build your docker image from alpine, do the following :
FROM alpine
RUN apk add ca-certificates curl
COPY mycompanyRootCA.crt /usr/local/share/ca-certificates/mycompanyRootCA.crt
RUN update-ca-certificates
Your image will now work properly ! \o/
Solution 17 - Curl
For what it's worth, checking which curl
is being run is significant too.
A user on a shared machine I maintain had been getting this error. But the cause turned out to be because they'd installed Anaconda (http://continuum.io). Doing so put Anaconda's binary path before the standard $PATH
, and it comes with its own curl
binary, which had trouble finding the default certs that were installed on this Ubuntu machine.
Solution 18 - Curl
Run following command in git bash that works fine for me
git config --global http.sslverify "false"
Solution 19 - Curl
Just find this solution works perfectly for me.
> echo 'cacert=/etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt' > ~/.curlrc
I found this solution from here
Solution 20 - Curl
I had this problem as well. My issue was this file:
/usr/ssl/certs/ca-bundle.crt
is by default just an empty file. So even if it exists, you'll still get the error as it doesn't contain any certificates. You can generate them like this:
p11-kit extract --overwrite --format pem-bundle /usr/ssl/certs/ca-bundle.crt
https://github.com/msys2/MSYS2-packages/blob/master/ca-certificates/ca-certificates.install
Solution 21 - Curl
I use MobaXterm which intern uses Cygwin so even after installing ca-certificates
using apt-cyg install ca-certificates
problem didn't resolve.
I was still getting the following error:
curl: (77) error setting certificate verify locations: CAfile: /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt CApath: none
Then I tried listing the file /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt
and I couldn't find it. However I could find /usr/ssl/certs/ca-bundle.crt
with all standard CA certificates so I copied the file /usr/ssl/certs/ca-bundle.crt
as /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt
and problem got resolved.
Solution 22 - Curl
For windows :-
-
Download the certificate from https://curl.se/docs/caextract.html
-
Rename cacert.pem to curl-ca-bundle.crt
-
Add the file to any of the below locations
Check this for details https://curl.se/docs/sslcerts.html