How do I access refs of a child component in the parent component

If I have something like

<Parent>
  <Child1 />
  <Child2 />
  <Child3 />
</Parent>

And I want to access from Child2 where I have refs="child2refs", how can I do that?

Recommended for React versions prior to 16.3

If it cannot be avoided the suggested pattern extracted from the React docs would be:

import React, { Component } from 'react';

const Child = ({ setRef }) => <input type="text" ref={setRef} />;

class Parent extends Component {
    constructor(props) {
        super(props);
        this.setRef = this.setRef.bind(this);
    }

    componentDidMount() {
        // Calling a function on the Child DOM element
        this.childRef.focus();
    }

    setRef(input) {
        this.childRef = input;
    }

    render() {
        return <Child setRef={this.setRef} />
    }
}

The Parent forwards a function as prop bound to Parent's this. When React calls the Child's ref prop setRef it will assign the Child's ref to the Parent's childRef property.

Recommended for React >= 16.3

Ref forwarding is an opt-in feature that lets some components take a ref they receive, and pass it further down (in other words, “forward” it) to a child.

We create Components that forward their ref with React.forwardRef. The returned Component ref prop must be of the same type as the return type of React.createRef. Whenever React mounts the DOM node then property current of the ref created with React.createRef will point to the underlying DOM node.

import React from "react";

const LibraryButton = React.forwardRef((props, ref) => (
  <button ref={ref} {...props}>
    FancyButton
  </button>
));

class AutoFocus extends React.Component {
  constructor(props) {
    super(props);
    this.childRef = React.createRef();
    this.onClick = this.onClick.bind(this);
  }

  componentDidMount() {
    this.childRef.current.focus();
  }

  onClick() {
    console.log("fancy!");
  }

  render() {
    return <LibraryButton onClick={this.onClick} ref={this.childRef} />;
  }
}

Forwarding refs HOC example

Created Components are forwarding their ref to a child node.

function logProps(Component) {
  class LogProps extends React.Component {
    componentDidUpdate(prevProps) {
      console.log('old props:', prevProps);
      console.log('new props:', this.props);
    }
 
    render() {
      const {forwardedRef, ...rest} = this.props;
 
      // Assign the custom prop "forwardedRef" as a ref
      return <Component ref={forwardedRef} {...rest} />;
    }
  }
 
  // Note the second param "ref" provided by React.forwardRef.
  // We can pass it along to LogProps as a regular prop, e.g. "forwardedRef"
  // And it can then be attached to the Component.
  return React.forwardRef((props, ref) => {
    return <LogProps {...props} forwardedRef={ref} />;
  });
}

See Forwarding Refs in React docs.

1. Inside the child component add a ref to the node you need
2. Inside the parent component add a ref to the child component.

/*
* Child component
*/
class Child extends React.Component {
  render() {
    return (
      <div id="child">
        <h1 ref={(node) => { this.heading = node; }}>
          Child
        </h1>
      </div>
    );
  }
}

/*
 * Parent component
 */
class Parent extends React.Component {
  componentDidMount() {
    // Access child component refs via parent component instance like this
    console.log(this.child.heading.getDOMNode());
  }

  render() {
    return (
      <div>
        <Child
          ref={(node) => { this.child = node; }}
        />
      </div>
    );
  }
}

Demo: https://codepen.io/itsfadnis/pen/aLWVVx?editors=0011

First access the children with: this.props.children, each child will then have its ref as a property on it.

Here is an example that will focus on an input using refs (tested in React 16.8.6):

The Child component:

class Child extends React.Component {
  constructor(props) {
    super(props);
    this.myRef = React.createRef();
  }
  render() {
    return (<input type="text" ref={this.myRef} />);
  }
}

The Parent component with the Child component inside:

class Parent extends React.Component {
  constructor(props) {
    super(props);
    this.childRef = React.createRef();
  }
  componentDidMount() {
    this.childRef.current.myRef.current.focus();
  }
  render() {
    return <Child ref={this.childRef} />;
  }
}

ReactDOM.render(
    <Parent />,
    document.getElementById('container')
);

The Parent component with this.props.children:

class Parent extends React.Component {
    constructor(props) {
        super(props);
        this.childRef = React.createRef();
    }
    componentDidMount() {
        this.childRef.current.myRef.current.focus();
    }
    render() {
        const ChildComponentWithRef = React.forwardRef((props, ref) =>
            React.cloneElement(this.props.children, {
                ...props,
                ref
            })
        );
        return <ChildComponentWithRef ref={this.childRef} />
    }
}

ReactDOM.render(
    <Parent>
        <Child />
    </Parent>,
    document.getElementById('container')
);

Using Ref forwarding you can pass the ref from parent to further down to a child.

const FancyButton = React.forwardRef((props, ref) => (
  <button ref={ref} className="FancyButton">
    {props.children}
  </button>
));

// You can now get a ref directly to the DOM button:
const ref = React.createRef();
<FancyButton ref={ref}>Click me!</FancyButton>;

1. Create a React ref by calling React.createRef and assign it to a ref variable.
2. Pass your ref down to by specifying it as a JSX attribute.
3. React passes the ref to the (props, ref) => ... function inside forwardRef as a second argument.
4. Forward this ref argument down to by specifying it as a JSX attribute.
5. When the ref is attached, ref.current will point to the DOM node.

Note The second ref argument only exists when you define a component with React.forwardRef call. Regular functional or class components don’t receive the ref argument, and ref is not available in props either.

Ref forwarding is not limited to DOM components. You can forward refs to class component instances, too.

Reference: React Documentation.

I think this guide explains it pretty well https://github.com/yannickcr/eslint-plugin-react/issues/678

class Field extends Component {
  const { inputRef } = this.props;
  render() {
    return (
      <input type="text" ref={inputRef} />
    )
  }
}

class MyComponent extends Component {
  componentDidMount() {
    this.inputNode.focus();
  }

  render() {
    return (
      <div>
        Hello, <Field inputRef={node => this.inputNode = node} />
      </div>
    )
  }
}

Here is how I solve the problem for dynamic components:

On the parent, dynamically create references to the child components, for example:

class Form extends Component {
    fieldRefs: [];

    // dynamically create the child references on mount/init
    componentWillMount = () => {
        this.fieldRefs = [];
        for(let f of this.props.children) {
            if (f && f.type.name == 'FormField') {
                f.ref = createRef();
                this.fieldRefs.push(f);
            }
        }
    }

    // used later to retrieve values of the dynamic children refs
    public getFields = () => {
        let data = {};

        for(let r of this.fieldRefs) {
            let f = r.ref.current;
            data[f.props.id] = f.field.current.value;
        }

        return data;
    }
}

The Child component (ie <FormField />) implements it's own 'field' ref, to be referred to from the parent:

class FormField extends Component {
    field = createRef();
    
    render() {
        return(
            <input ref={this.field} type={type} />
        );
    }
}

Then in your main page, the "parent's parent" component, you can get the field values from the reference with:

class Page extends Component {
    form = createRef();

    onSubmit = () => {
        let fields = this.form.current.getFields();
    }

    render() {
        return (
            <Form ref={this.form}>
                <FormField id="email" type="email" autoComplete="email" label="E-mail" />
                <FormField id="password" type="password" autoComplete="password" label="Password" />

                <div class="button" onClick={this.onSubmit}>Submit</div>
            </Form>
        );
    }
}

I implemented this because I wanted to encapsulate all generic form functionality from a main <Form /> component, and the only way to be able to have the main client/page component set and style its own inner components was to use child components (ie. <FormField /> items within the parent <Form />, which is inside some other <Page /> component).

So, while some might consider this a hack, it's just as hackey as React's attempts to block the actual 'ref' from any parent, which I think is a ridiculous design, however they want to rationalize it.

If everything you have is props.children:

const Parent = (p: {children: JSX.Element}) => {
	const childRef = useRef()

	return React.cloneElement(p.children, { ref: childRef })
}

<Parent>
  <SingleChild />
</Parent>

Note that it will fail if your child cannot have a ref, e.g. React.Fragment.