How can one close HTML tags in Vim quickly?
HtmlXmlVimAutocompleteHtml Problem Overview
It's been a while since I've had to do any HTML-like code in Vim, but recently I came across this again. Say I'm writing some simple HTML:
<html><head><title>This is a title</title></head></html>
How do I write those closing tags for title, head and html down quickly? I feel like I'm missing some really simple way here that does not involve me going through writing them all down one by one.
Of course I can use CtrlP to autocomplete the individual tag names but what gets me on my laptop keyboard is actually getting the brackets and slash right.
Html Solutions
Solution 1 - Html
I find using the xmledit plugin pretty useful. it adds two pieces of functionality:
-
When you open a tag (e.g. type
<p>), it expands the tag as soon as you type the closing>into<p></p>and places the cursor inside the tag in insert mode. -
If you then immediately type another
>(e.g. you type<p>>), it expands that into<p></p>
and places the cursor inside the tag, indented once, in insert mode.
The xml vim plugin adds code folding and nested tag matching to these features.
Of course, you don't have to worry about closing tags at all if you write your HTML content in Markdown and use %! to filter your Vim buffer through the Markdown processor of your choice :)
Solution 2 - Html
I like minimal things,
imap ,/ </<C-X><C-O>
Solution 3 - Html
I find it more convinient to make vim write both opening and closing tag for me, instead of just the closing one. You can use excellent http://www.vim.org/scripts/script.php?script_id=1896">ragtag plugin by Tim Pope. Usage looks like this (let | mark cursor position)
you type:
span|press CTRL+x SPACE
and you get
<span>|</span>
You can also use CTRL+x ENTER instead of CTRL+x SPACE, and you get
<span> | </span>
Ragtag can do more than just it (eg. insert <%= stuff around this %> or DOCTYPE). You probably want to check out other plugins by http://www.vim.org/account/profile.php?user_id=9012">author of ragtag, especially http://www.vim.org/scripts/script.php?script_id=1697">surround</a>;.
Solution 4 - Html
Check this out..
closetag.vim
Functions and mappings to close open HTML/XML tags
https://www.vim.org/scripts/script.php?script_id=13
I use something similar.
Solution 5 - Html
If you're doing anything elaborate, sparkup is very good.
An example from their site:
ul > li.item-$*3 expands to:
<ul>
<li class="item-1"></li>
<li class="item-2"></li>
<li class="item-3"></li>
</ul>
with a <C-e>.
To do the example given in the question,
html > head > title{This is a title}
yields
<html>
<head>
<title>This is a title</title>
</head>
</html>
Solution 6 - Html
There is also a zencoding vim plugin: https://github.com/mattn/zencoding-vim
tutorial: https://github.com/mattn/zencoding-vim/blob/master/TUTORIAL
Update: this now called Emmet: http://emmet.io/
An excerpt from the tutorial:
1. Expand Abbreviation
Type abbreviation as 'div>p#foo$*3>a' and type '<c-y>,'.
---------------------
<div>
<p id="foo1">
<a href=""></a>
</p>
<p id="foo2">
<a href=""></a>
</p>
<p id="foo3">
<a href=""></a>
</p>
</div>
---------------------
2. Wrap with Abbreviation
Write as below.
---------------------
test1
test2
test3
---------------------
Then do visual select(line wize) and type '<c-y>,'.
If you request 'Tag:', then type 'ul>li*'.
---------------------
<ul>
<li>test1</li>
<li>test2</li>
<li>test3</li>
</ul>
---------------------
...
12. Make anchor from URL
Move cursor to URL
---------------------
http://www.google.com/
---------------------
Type '<c-y>a'
---------------------
<a href="http://www.google.com/">Google</a>
---------------------
Solution 7 - Html
Mapping
I like to have my block tags (as opposed to inline) closed immediately and with as simple a shortcut as possible (I like to avoid special keys like CTRL where possible, though I do use closetag.vim to close my inline tags.) I like to use this shortcut when starting blocks of tags (thanks to @kimilhee; this is a take-off of his answer):
inoremap ><Tab> ><Esc>F<lyt>o</<C-r>"><Esc>O<Space>
Sample usage
Type—
<p>[Tab]
Result—
<p>
|
</p>
where | indicates cursor position.
Explanation
inoremapmeans create the mapping in insert mode><Tab>means a closing angle brackets and a tab character; this is what is matched><Esc>means end the first tag and escape from insert into normal modeF<means find the last opening angle bracketlmeans move the cursor right one (don't copy the opening angle bracket)yt>means yank from cursor position to up until before the next closing angle bracket (i.e. copy tags contents)o</means start new line in insert mode and add an opening angle bracket and slash<C-r>"means paste in insert mode from the default register (")><Esc>means close the closing tag and escape from insert modeO<Space>means start a new line in insert mode above the cursor and insert a space
Solution 8 - Html
Check out vim-closetag
It's a really simple script (also available as a vundle plugin) that closes (X)HTML tags for you. From it's README:
> If this is the current content:
>
>
Note: | is the cursor here
Solution 9 - Html
Here is yet another simple solution based on easily foundable Web writing:
-
:iabbrev </ </<C-X><C-O> -
autocmd FileType xml set omnifunc=xmlcomplete#CompleteTags
Solution 10 - Html
allml (now Ragtag ) and Omni-completion ( <C-X><C-O> ) doesn't work in a file like .py or .java.
if you want to close tag automatically in those file, you can map like this.
imap <C-j> <ESC>F<lyt>$a</^R">
( ^R is Contrl+R : you can type like this Control+v and then Control+r )
(| is cursor position ) now if you type..
<p>abcde|
and type ^j
then it close the tag like this..
<p>abcde</p>|
Solution 11 - Html
Building off of the excellent answer by @KeithPinson (sorry, not enough reputation points to comment on your answer yet), this alternative will prevent the autocomplete from copying anything extra that might be inside the html tag (e.g. classes, ids, etc...) but should not be copied to the closing tag.
UPDATE I have updated my response to work with filename.html.erb files.
I noticed my original response didn't work in files commonly used in Rails views, like some_file.html.erb when I was using embedded ruby (e.g. <p>Year: <%= @year %><p>). The code below will work with .html.erb files.
inoremap ><Tab> ><Esc>?<[a-z]<CR>lyiwo</<C-r>"><Esc>O
Sample usage
Type:
<div class="foo">[Tab]
Result:
<div class="foo">
|
<div>
where | indicates cursor position
And as an example of adding the closing tag inline instead of block style:
inoremap ><Tab> ><Esc>?<[a-z]<CR>lyiwh/[^%]><CR>la</<C-r>"><Esc>F<i
Sample usage
Type:
<div class="foo">[Tab]
Result:
<div class="foo">|<div>
where | indicates cursor position
It's true that both of the above examples rely on >[Tab] to signal a closing tag (meaning you would have to choose either inline or block style). Personally, I use the block-style with >[Tab] and the inline-style with >>.