How can I output leading zeros in Ruby?
RubyRuby Problem Overview
I'm outputting a set of numbered files from a Ruby script. The numbers come from incrementing a counter, but to make them sort nicely in the directory, I'd like to use leading zeros in the filenames. In other words
> file_001...
instead of
> file_1
Is there a simple way to add leading zeros when converting a number to a string? (I know I can do "if less than 10.... if less than 100").
Ruby Solutions
Solution 1 - Ruby
Use the % operator with a string:
irb(main):001:0> "%03d" % 5
=> "005"
The left-hand-side is a printf format string, and the right-hand side can be a list of values, so you could do something like:
irb(main):002:0> filename = "%s/%s.%04d.txt" % ["dirname", "filename", 23]
=> "dirname/filename.0023.txt"
Here's a printf format cheat sheet you might find useful in forming your format string. The printf format is originally from the C function printf, but similar formating functions are available in perl, ruby, python, java, php, etc.
Solution 2 - Ruby
If the maximum number of digits in the counter is known (e.g., n = 3 for counters 1..876), you can do
str = "file_" + i.to_s.rjust(n, "0")
Solution 3 - Ruby
Can't you just use string formatting of the value before you concat the filename?
"%03d" % number
Solution 4 - Ruby
Use String#next as the counter.
>> n = "000"
>> 3.times { puts "file_#{n.next!}" }
file_001
file_002
file_003
next is relatively 'clever', meaning you can even go for
>> n = "file_000"
>> 3.times { puts n.next! }
file_001
file_002
file_003
Solution 5 - Ruby
As stated by the other answers, "%03d" % number works pretty well, but it goes against the rubocop ruby style guide:
> Favor the use of sprintf and its alias format over the fairly cryptic String#% method
We can obtain the same result in a more readable way using the following:
format('%03d', number)
Solution 6 - Ruby
filenames = '000'.upto('100').map { |index| "file_#{index}" }
Outputs
[file_000, file_001, file_002, file_003, ..., file_098, file_099, file_100]