How can I add some small utility functions to my AngularJS application?
AngularjsAngularjs Problem Overview
I would like to add some utility functions to my AngularJS application. For example:
$scope.isNotString = function (str) {
return (typeof str !== "string");
}
Is the best way to do this to add them as a service? From what I have read I can do this but then I would like to use these in my HTML pages so is it still possible if they are in a service? For example can I use the following:
<button data-ng-click="doSomething()"
data-ng-disabled="isNotString(abc)">Do Something
</button>
Can someone give me an example of how I could add these. Should I create a service or is there some other way of doing it. Most important I would like these utility functions in a file and not combined with another part of the main set up.
I understand there's a few solutions but none of them are so clear.
Solution 1 - Proposed by Urban
$scope.doSomething = ServiceName.functionName;
The problem here is I have 20 functions and ten controllers. If I did this it would mean adding a lot of code to each controller.
Solution 2 - Proposed by me
var factory = {
Setup: function ($scope) {
$scope.isNotString = function (str) {
return (typeof str !== "string");
}
The disadvantage of this is that at the start of every controller I would have one or more of these Setup calls to each service which passed the $scope.
Solution 3 - Proposed by Urban
The solution proposed by urban of creating a generic service looks good. Here's my main set up:
var app = angular
.module('app', ['ngAnimate', 'ui.router', 'admin', 'home', 'questions', 'ngResource', 'LocalStorageModule'])
.config(['$locationProvider', '$sceProvider', '$stateProvider',
function ($locationProvider, $sceProvider, $stateProvider) {
$sceProvider.enabled(false);
$locationProvider.html5Mode(true);
Should I add the generic service to this and how could I do it ?
Angularjs Solutions
Solution 1 - Angularjs
EDIT 7/1/15:
I wrote this answer a pretty long time ago and haven't been keeping up a lot with angular for a while, but it seems as though this answer is still relatively popular, so I wanted to point out that a couple of the point @nicolas makes below are good. For one, injecting $rootScope and attaching the helpers there will keep you from having to add them for every controller. Also - I agree that if what you're adding should be thought of as Angular services OR filters, they should be adopted into the code in that manner.
Also, as of the current version 1.4.2, Angular exposes a "Provider" API, which is allowed to be injected into config blocks. See these resources for more:
https://docs.angularjs.org/guide/module#module-loading-dependencies
I don't think I'm going to update the actual code blocks below, because I'm not really actively using Angular these days and I don't really want to hazard a new answer without feeling comfortable that it's actually conforming to new best practices. If someone else feels up to it, by all means go for it.
EDIT 2/3/14:
After thinking about this and reading some of the other answers, I actually think I prefer a variation of the method brought up by @Brent Washburne and @Amogh Talpallikar. Especially if you're looking for utilities like isNotString() or similar. One of the clear advantages here is that you can re-use them outside of your angular code and you can use them inside of your config function (which you can't do with services).
That being said, if you're looking for a generic way to re-use what should properly be services, the old answer I think is still a good one.
What I would do now is:
app.js:
var MyNamespace = MyNamespace || {};
MyNamespace.helpers = {
isNotString: function(str) {
return (typeof str !== "string");
}
};
angular.module('app', ['app.controllers', 'app.services']).
config(['$routeProvider', function($routeProvider) {
// Routing stuff here...
}]);
controller.js:
angular.module('app.controllers', []).
controller('firstCtrl', ['$scope', function($scope) {
$scope.helpers = MyNamespace.helpers;
});
Then in your partial you can use:
<button data-ng-click="console.log(helpers.isNotString('this is a string'))">Log String Test</button>
Old answer below:
It might be best to include them as a service. If you're going to re-use them across multiple controllers, including them as a service will keep you from having to repeat code.
If you'd like to use the service functions in your html partial, then you should add them to that controller's scope:
$scope.doSomething = ServiceName.functionName;
Then in your partial you can use:
<button data-ng-click="doSomething()">Do Something</button>
Here's a way you might keep this all organized and free from too much hassle:
Separate your controller, service and routing code/config into three files: controllers.js, services.js, and app.js. The top layer module is "app", which has app.controllers and app.services as dependencies. Then app.controllers and app.services can be declared as modules in their own files. This organizational structure is just taken from Angular Seed:
app.js:
angular.module('app', ['app.controllers', 'app.services']).
config(['$routeProvider', function($routeProvider) {
// Routing stuff here...
}]);
services.js:
/* Generic Services */
angular.module('app.services', [])
.factory("genericServices", function() {
return {
doSomething: function() {
//Do something here
},
doSomethingElse: function() {
//Do something else here
}
});
controller.js:
angular.module('app.controllers', []).
controller('firstCtrl', ['$scope', 'genericServices', function($scope, genericServices) {
$scope.genericServices = genericServices;
});
Then in your partial you can use:
<button data-ng-click="genericServices.doSomething()">Do Something</button>
<button data-ng-click="genericServices.doSomethingElse()">Do Something Else</button>
That way you only add one line of code to each controller and are able to access any of the services functions wherever that scope is accessible.
Solution 2 - Angularjs
Coming on this old thread i wanted to stress that
1°) utility functions may (should?) be added to the rootscope via module.run. There is no need to instanciate a specific root level controller for this purpose.
angular.module('myApp').run(function($rootScope){
$rootScope.isNotString = function(str) {
return (typeof str !== "string");
}
});
2°) If you organize your code into separate modules you should use angular services or factory and then inject them into the function passed to the run block, as follow:
angular.module('myApp').factory('myHelperMethods', function(){
return {
isNotString: function(str) {
return (typeof str !== 'string');
}
}
});
angular.module('myApp').run(function($rootScope, myHelperMethods){
$rootScope.helpers = myHelperMethods;
});
3°) My understanding is that in views, for most of the cases you need these helper functions to apply some kind of formatting to strings you display. What you need in this last case is to use angular filters
And if you have structured some low level helper methods into angular services or factory, just inject them within your filter constructor :
angular.module('myApp').filter('myFilter', function(myHelperMethods){
return function(aString){
if (myHelperMethods.isNotString(aString)){
return
}
else{
// something else
}
}
);
And in your view :
{{ aString | myFilter }}
Solution 3 - Angularjs
Do I understand correctly that you just want to define some utility methods and make them available in templates?
You don't have to add them to every controller. Just define a single controller for all the utility methods and attach that controller to <html> or <body> (using the ngController directive). Any other controllers you attach anywhere under <html> (meaning anywhere, period) or <body> (anywhere but <head>) will inherit that $scope and will have access to those methods.
Solution 4 - Angularjs
The easiest way to add utility functions is to leave them at the global level:
function myUtilityFunction(x) { return "do something with "+x; }
Then, the simplest way to add a utility function (to a controller) is to assign it to $scope, like this:
$scope.doSomething = myUtilityFunction;
Then you can call it like this:
{{ doSomething(x) }}
or like this:
ng-click="doSomething(x)"
EDIT:
The original question is if the best way to add a utility function is through a service. I say no, if the function is simple enough (like the isNotString() example provided by the OP).
The benefit of writing a service is to replace it with another (via injection) for the purpose of testing. Taken to an extreme, do you need to inject every single utility function into your controller?
The documentation says to simply define behavior in the controller (like $scope.double): http://docs.angularjs.org/guide/controller
Solution 5 - Angularjs
Here is a simple, compact and easy to understand method I use.
First, add a service in your js.
app.factory('Helpers', [ function() {
// Helper service body
var o = {
Helpers: []
};
// Dummy function with parameter being passed
o.getFooBar = function(para) {
var valueIneed = para + " " + "World!";
return valueIneed;
};
// Other helper functions can be added here ...
// And we return the helper object ...
return o;
}]);
Then, in your controller, inject your helper object and use any available function with something like the following:
app.controller('MainCtrl', [
'$scope',
'Helpers',
function($scope, Helpers){
$scope.sayIt = Helpers.getFooBar("Hello");
console.log($scope.sayIt);
}]);
Solution 6 - Angularjs
Why not use controller inheritance, all methods/properties defined in scope of HeaderCtrl are accessible in the controller inside ng-view. $scope.servHelper is accessible in all your controllers.
angular.module('fnetApp').controller('HeaderCtrl', function ($scope, MyHelperService) {
$scope.servHelper = MyHelperService;
});
<div ng-controller="HeaderCtrl">
<div ng-view=""></div>
</div>
Solution 7 - Angularjs
You can also use the constant service as such. Defining the function outside of the constant call allows it to be recursive as well.
function doSomething( a, b ) {
return a + b;
};
angular.module('moduleName',[])
// Define
.constant('$doSomething', doSomething)
// Usage
.controller( 'SomeController', function( $doSomething ) {
$scope.added = $doSomething( 100, 200 );
})
;