**Update**:
There is a newer filter described in [Samy&#39;s answer][1] that provides a more succinct way of achieving this.

---

[The documentation][2] has been updated with more information now:


&gt;When you specify a `branches` or `tags` filter, **the workflow only runs if at least one pattern matches**. Any changes to branches or tags that don&#39;t match a defined pattern will not trigger a workflow. The order that you define patterns matters:
&gt;
 - A matching negative pattern after a positive match will exclude the
   ref again. 
 - A matching positive pattern after a negative match will
   include the ref again.

So in order to exclude `master`, you need to ensure that a pattern matching everything is included first:

```
on:
  push:
    branches:    
      - &#39;*&#39;         # matches every branch that doesn&#39;t contain a &#39;/&#39;
      - &#39;*/*&#39;       # matches every branch containing a single &#39;/&#39;
      - &#39;**&#39;        # matches every branch
      - &#39;!master&#39;   # excludes master
``` 


  [1]: https://stackoverflow.com/a/62918562/2082842
  [2]: https://help.github.com/en/articles/workflow-syntax-for-github-actions#on

There is now a `branches-ignore` option:  

```
on:
  push:
    branches-ignore:
      - master
```


https://docs.github.com/en/actions/reference/workflow-syntax-for-github-actions#onpushpull_requestbranchestags

Printing the tensor gives:

```
&gt;&gt;&gt; x = torch.tensor([3])
&gt;&gt;&gt; print(x)
tensor([3])
```

Likewise indexing its `.data` gives:

```
&gt;&gt;&gt; x.data[0]
tensor(3)
```

How do I get just the value `3`?

How do I get the value of a tensor in PyTorch?

There are cases where you know that a certain floating-point expression will always be non-negative. For example, when computing the length of a vector, one does `sqrt(a[0]*a[0] + ... + a[N-1]*a[N-1])` (NB: I *am* aware of `std::hypot`, this is not relevant to the question), and the expression under the square root is clearly non-negative. However, GCC [outputs][1] the following assembly for `sqrt(x*x)`:
```
        mulss   xmm0, xmm0
        pxor    xmm1, xmm1
        ucomiss xmm1, xmm0
        ja      .L10
        sqrtss  xmm0, xmm0
        ret
.L10:
        jmp     sqrtf
```

That is, it compares the result of `x*x` to zero, and if the result is non-negative, it does the `sqrtss` instruction, otherwise it calls `sqrtf`.

So, my question is: **how can I force GCC into assuming that `x*x` is always non-negative so that it skips the comparison and the `sqrtf` call, without writing inline assembly?**

I wish to emphasize that I am interested in a local solution, and not doing things like `-ffast-math`, `-fno-math-errno`, or `-ffinite-math-only` (though these do indeed solve the issue, thanks to ks1322, harold, and Eric Postpischil in the comments).

Furthemore, &quot;force GCC into assuming `x*x` is non-negative&quot; should be interpreted as `assert(x*x &gt;= 0.f)`, so this also excludes the case of `x*x` being NaN.

I am OK with compiler-specific, platform-specific, CPU-specific, etc. solutions.

  [1]: https://godbolt.org/z/SsrYUu

How to force GCC to assume that a floating-point expression is non-negative?

I want to be able to let an action run on any given branch except master.
I am aware that there is a prebuilt `filter` action, but I want the exact opposite. 

More like GitLab&#39;s `except` keyword. 
Since this is not inside the official docs, has anyone prepared a decent workaround?

Thank you very much.

GitHub Actions: how to target all branches EXCEPT master?

I want to be able to let an action run on any given branch except master.
I am aware that there is a prebuilt <code>filter</code> action, but I want the exact opposite.
More like GitLab's <code>except</code> keyword.
Since this is not inside the official docs, has anyone prepared a decent workaround?
Thank you very much.

I&#39;m trying to push to `origin` remote from GitHub action. The logic of my action is:

 - handle `pull_request_review` events and filter by comment message
 - checkout to master, merge PR branch, run some checks and push it to `origin`

The script is:
```bash
if [[ &quot;${GITHUB_EVENT_NAME}&quot; != &quot;pull_request_review&quot; ]]; then
  echo &quot;unsupported event: ${GITHUB_EVENT_NAME}&quot;
  exit 1
fi

user=$(jq -r .review.user.login ${GITHUB_EVENT_PATH})
cmd=$(jq -r .review.body ${GITHUB_EVENT_PATH})
echo &quot;reviewer is ${user}, command is ${cmd}&quot;

if [[ &quot;${cmd}&quot; == &quot;merge&quot; ]]; then
  head=$(jq -r .pull_request.head.ref ${GITHUB_EVENT_PATH})
  git config user.email test@test.com
  git config user.name test
  git checkout -B _tmp origin/${head}
  git checkout -B master origin/master
  git merge --no-ff _tmp
  git push origin master
fi
```
I&#39;m running this script from `alpine:3.10` Docker container:
```Dockerfile
FROM alpine:3.10

LABEL &quot;com.github.actions.name&quot;=&quot;Hello world action&quot;
LABEL &quot;com.github.actions.icon&quot;=&quot;shield&quot;
LABEL &quot;com.github.actions.color&quot;=&quot;green&quot;

WORKDIR /app
COPY action.sh action.sh
RUN apk --update add bash git jq
CMD [&quot;bash&quot;, &quot;/app/action.sh&quot;]
```

First steps are working fine (checkout and merge), but action failed to push the merge to `origin` because of the error:
&gt; \+ git push origin master&lt;br/&gt;
&gt; fatal: could not read Username for &#39;https://github.com&#39;: No such device or address

It looks like GitHub-action Docker container is not configured to push to GitHub. How can I configure it? Is it possible to use some of the [env variables](https://help.github.com/en/articles/virtual-environments-for-github-actions#environment-variables) provided by GitHub or maybe some mounted files (like in `/github/*` path)?

Push to origin from GitHub action

When I want to unstage a staged file, all of my Git tutorials show something like:

```
$ git add *
$ git status
On branch master
Changes to be committed:
  (use &quot;git reset HEAD &lt;file&gt;...&quot; to unstage)

    renamed:    README.md -&gt; README
    modified:   CONTRIBUTING.md
```

This hint tells us to use `git reset` for unstaging a staged file.

But instead, in my terminal, I see:

```
git status
On branch master
Changes to be committed:
  (use &quot;git restore --staged &lt;file&gt;...&quot; to unstage)
	renamed:    cat.js -&gt; catcat.js
	renamed:    tolendo.gogo -&gt; tolendo.txt

Untracked files:
  (use &quot;git add &lt;file&gt;...&quot; to include in what will be committed)
	readme (copy).md
	tolendo (copy).txt
	zing (copy).html
```

My terminal tells me to use `git restore --staged` but the tutorials, as well as [Git’s website](https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Basics-Undoing-Things#_unstaging), tell me to use `git reset HEAD`.

I have no idea about the new `restore` command. I tried Google to find the difference between `git reset` and `git restore` but nothing seemed to fit my question.

What is the `git restore` command and what is the difference between `git restore` and `git reset`?

I&#39;m using git in VSCodium and each time I try to pull git is complaining.

Looking into the log I see

```
&gt; git pull --tags origin master
From https://github.com/MY/REPO
 * branch            master     -&gt; FETCH_HEAD
 ! [rejected]        latest     -&gt; latest  (would clobber existing tag)
   9428765..935da94  master     -&gt; origin/master
```

Doing the command with `--force` helps until the next time.

It&#39;s unclear to me what&#39;s going wrong here. What happened and how can I resolve this issue?

I mean: Besides trashing my local repo and cloning again.

How to get rid of &quot;would clobber existing tag&quot;

After upgrading to MacOS X 10.15 Catalina, I cannot run any git commands in my shell:

&gt; The default interactive shell is now zsh.
&gt;
&gt; To update your account to use zsh, please run `chsh -s /bin/zsh`.
&gt;
&gt; For more details, please visit https://support.apple.com/kb/HT208050.
&gt;
&gt; ~ | git
&gt;
&gt; xcrun: error: invalid active developer path (/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools), missing xcrun at: /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin/xcrun

I thought there&#39;s a problem with my shell, so I followed the instructions to change the default Mac OS shell back to bash, using the GUI and also using the command line: 

```
chsh -s /bin/bash
```

I also restarted the computer. However, I still see the same message, even though `echo &quot;$SHELL&quot;` outputs `/bin/bash`.


Git doesn&#39;t work on MacOS Catalina: &quot;xcrun: error: invalid active developer path (/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools), missing&quot;

&gt; error: RPC failed; curl 92 HTTP/2 stream 0 was not closed cleanly: PROTOCOL_ERROR (err 1)




I tried &#39;push&#39; while writing &#39;git&#39;.
However, the following message does not solve the problem.

[![enter image description here][1]][1]

  [1]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/w599t.png

error: RPC failed; curl 92 HTTP/2 stream 0 was not closed cleanly: PROTOCOL_ERROR (err 1)

I create a couple workflows in the `.github/workflows` folder of my repository to experiment with GitHub Actions. I have since learned quite a bit and deleted said &quot;experimental&quot; workflows from my repo. After deleting the &quot;experimental&quot; workflow yaml files and committing the deletions, when I go to the Actions tab of my repository I **STILL** see the workflows that I have since deleted.

I see no option to delete and start from scratch?! Is this not possible? Is it maybe possible through GitHub API? Hmm.

Delete a workflow from GitHub Actions

I&#39;m building Docker images with Github Actions and want to tag images with the branch name.

I found the `GITHUB_REF` variable, but it results in `refs/heads/feature-branch-1` and I need only `feature-branch-1`.


How to get the current branch within Github Actions?

I&#39;ve just started exploring Github actions however I&#39;ve found myself placing a command in multiple places. 

I have a PHP project where the `composer.json` is not in the root, my structure looks like:

```
my-project:
    readme.md
    app:
        composer.json
```

Obviously there is more to it and there is a reason why, but my `composer.json` sits in a subdirectory called &#39;app&#39;. As a result in my workflow, I have to cd into that folder every time to run a command:

```yaml
name: CI

on: [push]

jobs:
  phpunit:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v1
      - name: Setup Symfony
        run: |
          cd app
          cp .env.dev .env
      - name: Install Composer Dependencies
        run: |
          cd app
          composer install --prefer-dist
      - name: Run Tests
        run: |
          cd app
          php bin/phpunit
```

How can I remove the `cd app` in every stage?

Running actions in another directory

I&#39;m relatively new to GitHub Actions and I have 2 jobs–one that runs my tests, and one that deploys my project onto a server.

Obviously I want the tests to run on every branch, but deploying should only happen when something gets pushed to master.

I&#39;m struggling to find a way to run a job on a specific branch. I know it&#39;s possible to only run *entire workflows* on a specific branch, however that would mean I would have a &quot;test&quot; workflow and a &quot;deploy&quot; workflow. 

This sounds like a solution, however they would run parallel. In an ideal world, the tests would run first, and only if they succeed, then the deploy job would start. This isn&#39;t the case when using 2 separate workflows.

How would I be able to achieve this? Is it possible to run **jobs** on a specific branch?

Only run job on specific branch with GitHub Actions

I&#39;m running a workflow on some Operating systems.

However, there is a specific step that I have to run only on Ubuntu:

    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
    strategy:
        matrix:
            os: [ubuntu-latest, windows-latest, macOS-latest]
    steps:
        - name: Setup Ubuntu
          run : export DISPLAY=&quot;127.0.0.1:10.0&quot;
          if: # --&gt; What should be here? &lt;--
I couldn&#39;t find any examples nor explanation on how to run steps on specific OSes. 

Can somebody help?

Github Actions: Run step on specific OS

In GitHub Actions, I&#39;d like to evaluate a bash expression and then assign it to an environment variable:

```yaml
    - name: Tag image
      env:
        GITHUB_SHA_SHORT: ${{ $(echo $GITHUB_SHA | cut -c 1-6) }}
      ..do other things...
```

However, this naive attempt has failed. [According to the docs][1] this doesn&#39;t seem to be supported; a somewhat clean workaround would be fine.

[1]: https://help.github.com/en/articles/contexts-and-expression-syntax-for-github-actions#literals

How do I set an env var with a bash expression in GitHub Actions?

In the new GitHub Actions, I am trying to install a package in order to use it in one of the next steps.

```yml
name: CI

on: [push, pull_request]

jobs:
  translations:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v1
      with:
        fetch-depth: 1
    - name: Install xmllint
      run: apt-get install libxml2-utils
    # ...
```

However this fails with

```
Run apt-get install libxml2-utils
  apt-get install libxml2-utils
  shell: /bin/bash -e {0}
E: Could not open lock file /var/lib/dpkg/lock-frontend - open (13: Permission denied)
E: Unable to acquire the dpkg frontend lock (/var/lib/dpkg/lock-frontend), are you root?
##[error]Process completed with exit code 100.
```

What&#39;s the best way to do this? Do I need to reach for Docker?

Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	fweidemann14	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - Git	Electric Sheep	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 2 - Git	Samy	View Answer on Stackoverflow

GitHub Actions: how to target all branches EXCEPT master?

Git Problem Overview

Git Solutions

Solution 1 - Git

Solution 2 - Git

How to force GCC to assume that a floating-point expression is non-negative?

How do I get the value of a tensor in PyTorch?

Attributions