Generating sound on the fly with javascript/html5
JavascriptHtmlAudioWeb Audio-ApiJavascript Problem Overview
Is it possible to generate a constant sound stream with javascript/html5? For example, to generate a perpetual sine wave, I would have a callback function, that would be called whenever the output buffer is about to become empty:
function getSampleAt(timestep)
{
return Math.sin(timestep);
}
(The idea is to use this to make an interactive synth. I don't know in advance how long a key will be pressed, so I can't use a fixed length buffer)
Javascript Solutions
Solution 1 - Javascript
You can use the Web Audio API in most browsers now (excepting IE and Opera Mini).
Try out this code:
// one context per document
var context = new (window.AudioContext || window.webkitAudioContext)();
var osc = context.createOscillator(); // instantiate an oscillator
osc.type = 'sine'; // this is the default - also square, sawtooth, triangle
osc.frequency.value = 440; // Hz
osc.connect(context.destination); // connect it to the destination
osc.start(); // start the oscillator
osc.stop(context.currentTime + 2); // stop 2 seconds after the current time
If you want the volume lower, you can do something like this:
var context = new webkitAudioContext();
var osc = context.createOscillator();
var vol = context.createGain();
vol.gain.value = 0.1; // from 0 to 1, 1 full volume, 0 is muted
osc.connect(vol); // connect osc to vol
vol.connect(context.destination); // connect vol to context destination
osc.start(context.currentTime + 3); // start it three seconds from now
I got most of this from experimenting in chromium while reading the Web Audio API Working Draft, which I found from @brainjam 's link.
I hope that helps. Lastly, it is very helpful to inspect the various objects in the chrome inspector (ctrl-shift-i).
Solution 2 - Javascript
Using the HTML5 audio element
Cross-browser generative sustained audio using JavaScript and the audio element isn't currently possible, as Steven Wittens notes in a blog post on creating a JavaScript synth:
> "...there is no way to queue up chunks of synthesized audio for seamless playback".
Using the Web Audio API
The Web Audio API was designed to facilitate JavaScript audio synthesis. The Mozilla Developer Network has a Web Based Tone Generator that works in Firefox 4+ [demo 1]. Add these two lines to that code and you have a working synth with generative sustained audio upon keypress [demo 2 - works in Firefox 4 only, click the 'Results' area first, then press any key]:
window.onkeydown = start;
window.onkeyup = stop;
The BBC's page on the Web Audio API is worth reviewing too. Unfortunately, support for the Web Audio API doesn't extend to other browsers yet.
Possible workarounds
To create a cross-browser synth at present, you'll likely have to fall back on prerecorded audio by:
- Using long prerecorded ogg/mp3 sample tones, embedding them in separate
audioelements and starting and stopping them upon keypress. - Embedding an swf file containing the audio elements and controlling playback via JavaScript. (This appears to be the method that the Google Les Paul Doodle employs.)
Solution 3 - Javascript
Sure! You could use the tone synthesizer in this demo:
audioCtx = new(window.AudioContext || window.webkitAudioContext)();
show();
function show() {
frequency = document.getElementById("fIn").value;
document.getElementById("fOut").innerHTML = frequency + ' Hz';
switch (document.getElementById("tIn").value * 1) {
case 0: type = 'sine'; break;
case 1: type = 'square'; break;
case 2: type = 'sawtooth'; break;
case 3: type = 'triangle'; break;
}
document.getElementById("tOut").innerHTML = type;
volume = document.getElementById("vIn").value / 100;
document.getElementById("vOut").innerHTML = volume;
duration = document.getElementById("dIn").value;
document.getElementById("dOut").innerHTML = duration + ' ms';
}
function beep() {
var oscillator = audioCtx.createOscillator();
var gainNode = audioCtx.createGain();
oscillator.connect(gainNode);
gainNode.connect(audioCtx.destination);
gainNode.gain.value = volume;
oscillator.frequency.value = frequency;
oscillator.type = type;
oscillator.start();
setTimeout(
function() {
oscillator.stop();
},
duration
);
};
frequency
<input type="range" id="fIn" min="40" max="6000" oninput="show()" />
<span id="fOut"></span><br>
type
<input type="range" id="tIn" min="0" max="3" oninput="show()" />
<span id="tOut"></span><br>
volume
<input type="range" id="vIn" min="0" max="100" oninput="show()" />
<span id="vOut"></span><br>
duration
<input type="range" id="dIn" min="1" max="5000" oninput="show()" />
<span id="dOut"></span>
<br>
<button onclick='beep();'>Play</button>
Have fun!
I got the solution from Houshalter here: How do I make Javascript beep?
You can clone and tweak the code here: Tone synthesizer demo on JS Bin
Compatible browsers:
- Chrome mobile & desktop
- Firefox mobile & desktop Opera mobile, mini & desktop
- Android browser
- Microsoft Edge browser
- Safari on iPhone or iPad
Not Compatible
- Internet Explorer version 11 (but does work on the Edge browser)
Solution 4 - Javascript
Web Audio API is coming to Chrome. See http://googlechrome.github.io/web-audio-samples/samples/audio/index.html
Follow the directions in "Getting Started" there, and then check out the very impressive demos.
Update(2017): by now this is a much more mature interface. The API is documented at https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Web_Audio_API
Solution 5 - Javascript
You can generate wav-e file in the fly and play it (src)
// Legend
// DUR - duration in seconds SPS - sample per second (default 44100)
// NCH - number of channels BPS - bytes per sample
// t - is number from range [0, DUR), return number in range [0, 1]
function getSampleAt(t,DUR,SPS)
{
return Math.sin(6000*t);
}
function genWAVUrl(fun, DUR=1, NCH=1, SPS=44100, BPS=1) {
let size = DUR*NCH*SPS*BPS;
let put = (n,l=4) => [(n<<24),(n<<16),(n<<8),n].filter((x,i)=>i<l).map(x=> String.fromCharCode(x>>>24)).join('');
let p = (...a) => a.map( b=> put(...[b].flat()) ).join('');
let data = `RIFF${put(44+size)}WAVEfmt ${p(16,[1,2],[NCH,2],SPS,NCH*BPS*SPS,[NCH*BPS,2],[BPS*8,2])}data${put(size)}`
for (let i = 0; i < DUR*SPS; i++) {
let f= Math.min(Math.max(fun(i/SPS,DUR,SPS),0),1);
data += put(Math.floor( f * (2**(BPS*8)-1)), BPS);
}
return "data:Audio/WAV;base64," + btoa(data);
}
var WAV = new Audio( genWAVUrl(getSampleAt,5) ); // 5s
WAV.setAttribute("controls", "controls");
document.body.appendChild(WAV);
//WAV.play()
Here is visualistation
function getSampleAt(t,DUR,SPS)
{
return 0.5+Math.sin(15*t)/(1+t*t);
}
// ----------------------------------------------
function genWAVUrl(fun, DUR=1, NCH=1, SPS=44100, BPS=1) {
let size = DUR*NCH*SPS*BPS;
let put = (n,l=4) => [(n<<24),(n<<16),(n<<8),n].filter((x,i)=>i<l).map(x=> String.fromCharCode(x>>>24)).join('');
let p = (...a) => a.map( b=> put(...[b].flat()) ).join('');
let data = `RIFF${put(44+size)}WAVEfmt ${p(16,[1,2],[NCH,2],SPS,NCH*BPS*SPS,[NCH*BPS,2],[BPS*8,2])}data${put(size)}`
for (let i = 0; i < DUR*SPS; i++) {
let f= Math.min(Math.max(fun(i/SPS,DUR,SPS),0),1);
data += put(Math.floor( f * (2**(BPS*8)-1)), BPS);
}
return "data:Audio/WAV;base64," + btoa(data);
}
function draw(fun, DUR=1, NCH=1, SPS=44100, BPS=1) {
time.innerHTML=DUR+'s';
time.setAttribute('x',DUR-0.3);
svgCh.setAttribute('viewBox',`0 0 ${DUR} 1`);
let p='', n=100; // n how many points to ommit
for (let i = 0; i < DUR*SPS/n; i++) p+= ` ${DUR*(n*i/SPS)/DUR}, ${1-fun(n*i/SPS, DUR,SPS)}`;
chart.setAttribute('points', p);
}
function frame() {
let t=WAV.currentTime;
point.setAttribute('cx',t)
point.setAttribute('cy',1-getSampleAt(t))
window.requestAnimationFrame(frame);
}
function changeStart(e) {
var r = e.target.getBoundingClientRect();
var x = e.clientX - r.left;
WAV.currentTime = dur*x/r.width;
WAV.play()
}
var dur=5; // seconds
var WAV = new Audio(genWAVUrl(getSampleAt,dur));
draw(getSampleAt,dur);
frame();
.chart { border: 1px dashed #ccc; }
.axis { font-size: 0.2px}
audio { outline: none; }
Click at blue line (make volume to max):
<svg class="chart" id="svgCh" onclick="changeStart(event)">
<circle cx="0" cy="-1" r="0.05" style="fill: rgba(255,0,0,1)" id="point"></circle>
<polyline id="chart" fill="none" stroke="#0074d9" stroke-width="0.01" points=""/>
<text x="0.03" y="0.9" class="axis">0</text>
<text x="0.03" y="0.2" class="axis">1</text>
<text x="4.8" y="0.9" class="axis" id="time"></text>
</svg><br>
Solution 6 - Javascript
This is not real answer on your question because you have asked for a JavaScript solution, but you can use ActionScript. It should run on all major browsers.
You can call ActionScript functions from within JavaScript.
In that way you can wrap the ActionScript sound generation functions and make a JavaScript implementation of them. Just use Adobe Flex to build a tiny swf and then use that as backend for your JavaScript code.
Solution 7 - Javascript
This is what I have looked for like forever and in the end I managed to do it myself like I wanted. Maybe you will like it too. Simple slider with frequency and push on/off:
buttonClickResult = function () {
var button = document.getElementById('btn1');
button.onclick = function buttonClicked() {
if(button.className=="off") {
button.className="on";
oscOn ();
}
else if(button.className=="on") {
button.className="off";
oscillator.disconnect();
}
}
};
buttonClickResult();
var oscOn = function(){
window.AudioContext = window.AudioContext || window.webkitAudioContext;
var context = new AudioContext();
var gainNode = context.createGain ? context.createGain() : context.createGainNode();
//context = new window.AudioContext();
oscillator = context.createOscillator(),
oscillator.type ='sine';
oscillator.frequency.value = document.getElementById("fIn").value;
//gainNode = createGainNode();
oscillator.connect(gainNode);
gainNode.connect(context.destination);
gainNode.gain.value = 1;
oscillator.start(0);
};
<p class="texts">Frekvence [Hz]</p>
<input type="range" id="fIn" min="20" max="20000" step="100" value="1234" oninput="show()" />
<span id="fOut"></span><br>
<input class="off" type="button" id="btn1" value="Start / Stop" />