Loading the geosphere package you can use a number of different functions


    library(geosphere)
    distm(c(lon1, lat1), c(lon2, lat2), fun = distHaversine)


Also:

    distHaversine()
    distMeeus()
    distRhumb()
    distVincentyEllipsoid()
    distVincentySphere()
...


Agree with @PereG on answer above, but think that the order of latitude and longitude is the other way around: lon, lat. This will affect your results for distance matrix. So correct is:

    library(geosphere)
    distm (c(lon1, lat1), c(lon2, lat2), fun = distHaversine)

Source: ftp://cran.r-project.org/pub/R/web/packages/geosphere/geosphere.pdf

In Xcode 7 GM I started to get this warning:

&gt; Pointer is missing a nullability type specifier (_Nonnull, _Nullable, or _Null_unspecified)

In the following function declaration (NSUserDefaults extension)

    - (void)setObject:(nullable id)value
               forKey:(NSString *)defaultName
        objectChanged:(void(^)(NSUserDefaults *userDefaults, id value))changeHandler
        objectRamains:(void(^)(NSUserDefaults *userDefaults, id value))remainHandler;

[![Screenshot][1]][1]

Why this warning is showing and how should I fix it?


  [1]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/c4TE2.png

Pointer is missing a nullability type specifier

IONIC has two problems about word-wrap in ion-item:
1. String would be truncated by the dots appended at the end, how to show full content without dots ?
2. Automatic line breaks and responsive are not working in Firefox (Chrome is ok), how to fix this problem in Firefox ?
```
&lt;div class=&quot;row responsive-sm&quot;&gt;
	&lt;div class=&quot;col&quot;&gt;
		&lt;div class=&quot;item item-body&quot;&gt;
			&lt;ion-item class=&quot;wrap&quot; style=&quot;word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all;&quot;&gt;
			#fashion #fashion #fashion #fashion #fashion #fashion #fashion #fashion #fashion #fashion #fashion #fashion #fashion #fashion #fashion #fashion #fashion #fashion 
		    &lt;/ion-item&gt;
	    &lt;/div&gt;
    &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
```
Here is Full HTML to show the problem
[codepen][1]


  [1]: http://codepen.io/din2/pen/EVxEQY

How to wordwrap a long string in ion-item

I have geocoded points in long, lat format, and I want to calculate the distance between them using R.  This seems pretty straight forward, yet I can&#39;t find a function that will do it easily.  I&#39;ve been attempting to do it with the gdistance package, but it seems very convoluted and oriented to graphing, I just need a number.  Something like `distanceBetween(pointA,pointB)` that returns a number.  

Function to calculate geospatial distance between two points (lat,long) using R

<p>I have geocoded points in long, lat format, and I want to calculate the distance between them using R.  This seems pretty straight forward, yet I can't find a function that will do it easily.  I've been attempting to do it with the gdistance package, but it seems very convoluted and oriented to graphing, I just need a number.  Something like <code>distanceBetween(pointA,pointB)</code> that returns a number.</p>


I get this warning when I am trying to generate a plot with `ggplot`.

After researching online for a while many suggested that my database contains either null values or missing data in general, which was not the case.

[In this question][1] the accepted answer says the following:

&gt; The warning means that some elements are removed because they fall out of the specified range

I was wondering what exactly does this range refer to and how can someone manually increase this range in order to avoid all warnings?


  [1]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/21549463/the-meaning-of-warning-message-removed-4-rows-containing-missing-values-geom-p

Explain ggplot2 warning: &quot;Removed k rows containing missing values&quot;

I have this issue during package installation in R version 3.0.2 (2013-09-25) on an Ubuntu machine:

    install.packages(&quot;randomForest&quot;)
    Installing package into ‘/usr/local/lib/R/site-library’
    (as ‘lib’ is unspecified)
    Warning in install.packages :
      &#39;lib = &quot;/usr/local/lib/R/site-library&quot;&#39; is not writable

How to resolve it?

Library is not writable

Is there any way to change the style of part of an axis title while keep the rest part unchanged? In my case, How could I italicize    
&quot;bacteria X&quot; in the y-axis title? To my knowledge, the command `theme(axis.title.y=element_text(face=&quot;italic&quot;))` can only change the whole y-aixs title, is it?

    ggplot(fig1,aes(x=cf,y=Freq,fill=Var1)) +
    geom_bar(stat=&quot;identity&quot;) +
    labs(x=&quot;Groups&quot;,y=&quot;No. of bacteria X isolates with corresponding types&quot;,fill=&quot;Var1&quot;) +
    theme(axis.title.y=element_text(face=&quot;italic&quot;))

How to italicize part (one or two words) of an axis title

Using dplyr, you can do something like this:

    iris %&gt;% head %&gt;% mutate(sum=Sepal.Length + Sepal.Width) 
      Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species sum
    1          5.1         3.5          1.4         0.2  setosa 8.6
    2          4.9         3.0          1.4         0.2  setosa 7.9
    3          4.7         3.2          1.3         0.2  setosa 7.9
    4          4.6         3.1          1.5         0.2  setosa 7.7
    5          5.0         3.6          1.4         0.2  setosa 8.6
    6          5.4         3.9          1.7         0.4  setosa 9.3

But above, I referenced the columns by their column names. How can I use `1` and `2` , which are the column indices to achieve the same result?

Here I have the following, but I feel it&#39;s not as elegant. 

    iris %&gt;% head %&gt;% mutate(sum=apply(select(.,1,2),1,sum))
      Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species sum
    1          5.1         3.5          1.4         0.2  setosa 8.6
    2          4.9         3.0          1.4         0.2  setosa 7.9
    3          4.7         3.2          1.3         0.2  setosa 7.9
    4          4.6         3.1          1.5         0.2  setosa 7.7
    5          5.0         3.6          1.4         0.2  setosa 8.6
    6          5.4         3.9          1.7         0.4  setosa 9.3

dplyr: how to reference columns by column index rather than column name using mutate?

1. Create an empty data frame:

```
y &lt;- data.frame()
```

2. Assign x, a string vector, to y as its column names:
```
    x &lt;- c(&quot;name&quot;, &quot;age&quot;, &quot;gender&quot;)
    colnames(y) &lt;- x
```
Result:

&gt;Error in `colnames&lt;-`(`*tmp*`, value = c(&quot;name&quot;, &quot;age&quot;, &quot;gender&quot;)) : 
  &#39;names&#39; attribute [3] must be the same length as the vector [0]

Actually, the x length is dynamic, so 

    y &lt;- data.frame(name=character(), age=numeric(), gender=logical())

is not an efficient way to name the column. How can I solve the problem? 

Create empty data frame with column names by assigning a string vector?

I&#39;m poking around the various options to `setup.py` for including non-python files, and they&#39;re somewhat less than intuitive. I&#39;d like to be able to check the package generated by `bdist_wheel` to see what&#39;s actually in it--not so much to make sure that it will work (that&#39;s what tests are for) but to see the effects of the options I&#39;ve set.

How do I list the files contained in a `.whl`?

How do I list the files inside a python wheel?

[PEAR][1] is used to install a PHP software package and [Composer][2] is used for the same thing. I believe Composer handles dependencies better but is that the only difference? Can anybody explain the difference between these two package managers and tell me when to use which?

  [1]: http://pear.php.net/
  [2]: http://getcomposer.org

What is the difference between PEAR and Composer?

I used [sdkman][1] to install groovy which went fine.  Where is the installed package now? I need the path for it.  I am on Ubuntu 14.04.

  [1]: http://sdkman.io/

Where does sdkman install packages?

I&#39;m new to Python and have been trying to install some packages with `pip`. 

But `pip install unroll` gives me

&gt; Command &quot;python setup.py egg_info&quot; failed with error code 1 in
&gt; C:\Users\MARKAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-wa7uco0k\unroll\

How can I solve this?

&quot;pip install unroll&quot;: &quot;python setup.py egg_info&quot; failed with error code 1

I have some questions regarding various `rc` files in a typical node application, like `.npmrc`, `.babelrc` etc.

* What is an rc file, I know its a runtime-config for the module, but anything else?
* Does the rc file has to follow `.[module]rc` naming convention or is it just a recommended format?
* What are the formats supported? I have seen both yaml and json formats, does it depend on the reader that the module use?
* How to access an rc file from a module&#39;s perspective? Does naming it as `[module]rc` would make it automatically available to the module? If so where will it be available?
* Or should the module access the file just like any other file from the app that is using the module and expect it to be in an understandable format? (This is what I am doing right now, with json format)
* I have also seen people requiring `package.json` to load config. Which is recommended, `package.json` or an rc file?
* Also how does it differ from a javascript file like `gulpfile.js` with `module.exports`? (I meant in the sense of recommendations, of course I know the difference and advantages of the js and rc files)

Every time I search in google, I end up [here](https://www.npmjs.com/package/rc) and [here](https://www.npmjs.com/package/runtime-configuration), which is a tool to read rc file but doesn&#39;t explain what are they or how are they constructed and/or connected to the module.

Any insight would be really useful. Thanks

Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	SteveO7	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - R	PereG	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 2 - R	Agustín Indaco	View Answer on Stackoverflow

Function to calculate geospatial distance between two points (lat,long) using R

R Problem Overview

R Solutions

Solution 1 - R

Solution 2 - R

How to wordwrap a long string in ion-item

Pointer is missing a nullability type specifier

Attributions