No, `g` is *not* an object to hang session data on. `g` data is not persisted between requests.

`session` gives you a place to store data *per specific browser*. As a user of your Flask app, using a specific browser, returns for more requests, the session data is carried over across those requests.

`g` on the other hand is data shared between different parts of your code base *within **one** request cycle*. `g` can be set up during `before_request` hooks, is still available during the `teardown_request` phase and once the request is done and sent out to the client, `g` is cleared.

So the code is simple:

calls.json
   
    {&quot;SERVER&quot;:{
        &quot;requests&quot;:{
          &quot;one&quot;:&quot;1&quot;
        }
    } }

file.ts

    import json = require(&#39;../static/calls.json&#39;);
    console.log(json.SERVER);

the generated javascript is correct and when running the node js server, the console log json.SERVER prints &#39;{ requests: { one: &#39;1&#39; } }&#39;, as it should.

The typescript compiler (commonjs) however, somehow does not particularly like this situation and throws: &quot;Cannot find module &#39;../static/calls.json&#39;&quot;.

Ofcourse I tried writing a .d.ts file, like this:

    declare module &#39;../static/calls.json&#39;{
        var exp:any;
        export = exp;
    }

this then obviously throws: &quot;Ambient module declaration cannot specify relative module name&quot;.

I also tried different variants, like:

    declare module &#39;calls.json&#39; {
        import * as json from &#39;/private/static/calls.json&#39;;
        export = json;
    }
and then requiring:

    import json = require(&#39;calls.json&#39;);

None work properly and have their own little compiler errors :)

I want to use an external .json file because I use commonjs serverside and amd clientside and I want a single file for loading constants.

Typescript compiler error when importing json file

Let&#39;s say I type in the following code and format it.

    if (condition) { /* Hello! */ }

If this is C# code, it is formatted like this:

    if (condition)
    {
        // Hello!
    }

If it is JavaScript, VSCode formats it like this:

    if (condition) {
        // Hello!
    }
So how can I use the first formatting style (curly braces on new lines) for all languages? I can&#39;t find a setting or something similar. Suggestions?

How do I set up VSCode to put curly braces on a new line?

I&#39;m trying to understand the differences in functionality and purpose between `g` and `session`. Both are objects to &#39;hang&#39; session data on, am I right? If so, what exactly are the differences and which one should I use in what cases?

Flask: &#39;session&#39; vs. &#39;g&#39;?

<p>I'm trying to understand the differences in functionality and purpose between <code>g</code> and <code>session</code>. Both are objects to 'hang' session data on, am I right? If so, what exactly are the differences and which one should I use in what cases?</p>


What is the difference between `json.dumps` and `json.load`?

From my understanding, one loads JSON into a dictionary and another loads into objects.

What is the difference between json.dumps and json.load?

I&#39;m poking around the various options to `setup.py` for including non-python files, and they&#39;re somewhat less than intuitive. I&#39;d like to be able to check the package generated by `bdist_wheel` to see what&#39;s actually in it--not so much to make sure that it will work (that&#39;s what tests are for) but to see the effects of the options I&#39;ve set.

How do I list the files contained in a `.whl`?

How do I list the files inside a python wheel?

                           NI
    YEAR MONTH datetime        
    2000 1     2000-01-01   NaN
               2000-01-02   NaN
               2000-01-03   NaN
               2000-01-04   NaN
               2000-01-05   NaN

In the dataframe above, I have a multilevel index consisting of the columns:

    names=[u&#39;YEAR&#39;, u&#39;MONTH&#39;, u&#39;datetime&#39;]

How do I revert to a dataframe with &#39;datetime&#39; as index and &#39;YEAR&#39; and &#39;MONTH&#39; as normal columns?


Reverting from multiindex to single index dataframe in pandas

I have a Flask application which uses Flask-SQLAlchemy to connect to a MySQL database.

I would like to be able to check whether a row is present in a table. How would I modify a query like so to check the row exists:

    db.session.query(User).filter_by(name=&#39;John Smith&#39;)


I found a solution on [this question][1] which uses SQLAlchemy but does not seem to fit with the way Flask-SQLAlchemy works:

    from sqlalchemy.sql import exists    
    print session.query(exists().where(User.email == &#39;...&#39;)).scalar()

Thanks.


  [1]: https://stackoverflow.com/a/13336408/2961662

Flask-SQLAlchemy check if row exists in table

It is quite easy to add many pandas dataframes into excel work book as long as it is different worksheets. But, it is somewhat tricky to get many dataframes into one worksheet if you want to use pandas built-in df.to_excel functionality. 

	# Creating Excel Writer Object from Pandas  
    writer = pd.ExcelWriter(&#39;test.xlsx&#39;,engine=&#39;xlsxwriter&#39;)   
	workbook=writer.book
	worksheet=workbook.add_worksheet(&#39;Validation&#39;) 
	df.to_excel(writer,sheet_name=&#39;Validation&#39;,startrow=0 , startcol=0)   
	another_df.to_excel(writer,sheet_name=&#39;Validation&#39;,startrow=20, startcol=0) 


The above code won&#39;t work. You will get the error of 

     Sheetname &#39;Validation&#39;, with case ignored, is already in use.

Now, I have experimented enough that I found a way to make it work. 

	writer = pd.ExcelWriter(&#39;test.xlsx&#39;,engine=&#39;xlsxwriter&#39;)   # Creating Excel Writer Object from Pandas  
	workbook=writer.book
	df.to_excel(writer,sheet_name=&#39;Validation&#39;,startrow=0 , startcol=0)   
	another_df.to_excel(writer,sheet_name=&#39;Validation&#39;,startrow=20, startcol=0) 

This will work. So, my purpose of posting this question on stackoverflow is twofold. Firstly, I hope this will help someone if he/she is trying to put many dataframes into a single work sheet at excel. 

Secondly,  Can someone help me understand the difference between those two blocks of code? It appears to me that they are pretty much the same except the first block of code created worksheet called &quot;Validation&quot; in advance while the second does not. I get that part. 

What I don&#39;t understand is why should it be any different ? Even if I don&#39;t create the worksheet in advance, this line, the line right before the last one, 
 
     df.to_excel(writer,sheet_name=&#39;Validation&#39;,startrow=0 , startcol=0)  

will create a worksheet anyway. Consequently, by the time we reached the last line of code the worksheet &quot;Validation&quot; is already created as well in the second block of code.  So, my question basically, why should the second block of code  work while the first doesn&#39;t?  

Please also share if there is another way to put many dataframes into excel using the built-in df.to_excel functionality !! 

Putting many python pandas dataframes to one excel worksheet

I am trying to release an app from Xcode but as soon as I try uploading to the app store or exporting in any fashion, once it checks for signing from iTunes Connect, I receive the error

&gt;Your session has expired.  Please log in.

I have made sure that I can log into my account on iTunes Connect and the signing certificates and provisioning profiles are current from the developer center.

I came across a similar issue last week: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/33288575/xcode-6-4-export-adhoc-session-has-expired but this issue seems different. I am using Xcode 7.1 this time, so the crash that I was observing last week may indicate the problem is different.

Xcode export/upload error: Your session has expired. Please log in

I use SQLAlchemy and there are at least three entities: `engine`, `session` and `connection`, which have `execute` method, so if I e.g. want to select all records from `table` I can do this
    
    engine.execute(select([table])).fetchall()
    
and this

    connection.execute(select([table])).fetchall()

and even this

    session.execute(select([table])).fetchall()

\- the results will be the same.

As I understand it, if someone uses `engine.execute` it creates `connection`, opens `session` (Alchemy takes care of it for you) and executes the query. But is there a global difference between these three ways of performing such a 
task?

SQLAlchemy: engine, connection and session difference

I recently created a new Laravel project and was following along the guide on Authentication. When I visit either my login or register route, I get the following error:

    ErrorException in Request.php line 775:
    Session store not set on request. (View: C:\Users\Matthew\Documents\test\resources\views\auth\register.blade.php)

I haven&#39;t edited any core Laravel files, I&#39;ve only created the views and added the routes to my routes.php file

    // Authentication routes
    Route::get(&#39;auth/login&#39;, [&#39;uses&#39; =&gt; &#39;Auth\AuthController@getLogin&#39;, &#39;as&#39; =&gt; &#39;login&#39;]);
    Route::post(&#39;auth/login&#39;, [&#39;uses&#39; =&gt; &#39;Auth\AuthController@postLogin&#39;, &#39;as&#39; =&gt; &#39;login&#39;]);
    Route::get(&#39;auth/logout&#39;, [&#39;uses&#39; =&gt; &#39;Auth\AuthController@getLogout&#39;, &#39;as&#39; =&gt; &#39;logout&#39;]);
    
    // Registration routes
    Route::get(&#39;auth/register&#39;, [&#39;uses&#39; =&gt; &#39;Auth\AuthController@getRegister&#39;, &#39;as&#39; =&gt; &#39;register&#39;]);
    Route::post(&#39;auth/register&#39;, [&#39;uses&#39; =&gt; &#39;Auth\AuthController@postRegister&#39;, &#39;as&#39; =&gt; &#39;login&#39;]);

I don&#39;t have much experience with Laravel, so please excuse my ignorance. I&#39;m aware that there is [another question][1] asking this same thing, but neither of the answers seem to work for me. Thanks for reading!


**Edit:**

Here&#39;s my register.blade.php as requested.

    @extends(&#39;partials.main&#39;)
    
    @section(&#39;title&#39;, &#39;Test | Register&#39;)
    
    @section(&#39;content&#39;)
        &lt;form method=&quot;POST&quot; action=&quot;/auth/register&quot;&gt;
            {!! csrf_field() !!}
            &lt;div class=&quot;ui input&quot;&gt;
              &lt;input type=&quot;text&quot; name=&quot;name&quot; value=&quot;{{ old(&#39;name&#39;) }}&quot; placeholder=&quot;Username&quot;&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;ui input&quot;&gt;
              &lt;input type=&quot;email&quot; name=&quot;email&quot; value=&quot;{{ old(&#39;email&#39;) }}&quot; placeholder=&quot;Email&quot;&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;ui input&quot;&gt;
              &lt;input type=&quot;password&quot; name=&quot;password&quot; placeholder=&quot;Password&quot;&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;ui input&quot;&gt;
              &lt;input type=&quot;password&quot; name=&quot;password_confirmation&quot;placeholder=&quot;Confirm Password&quot;&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;div&gt;
                &lt;button class=&quot;ui primary button&quot; type=&quot;submit&quot;&gt;Register&lt;/button&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/form&gt;
    @endsection

  [1]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/33517763/laravel-session-store-not-set-on-request

Laravel - Session store not set on request

I&#39;m a noob programmer so I apologies in advance for any obvious mistakes. I&#39;ve spent the past week creating a product database kinda thing. I&#39;ve got too the point where I can add products using a form, view all products added etc. I&#39;ve being using sessions which are created via the form input data. I&#39;m struggling to include get a delete product page working, I&#39;ve tried using unset to clear the variable but can&#39;t get it too work. 

ADD Product page which sets the session variable: 

    $_SESSION[&#39;Products&#39;][] = $_POST; //is how i set the session on the add products page. 
    
    unset $_SESSION[&#39;Products&#39;][]; //is how i have tried to clear the session although it does not work.

Any point in the right direction will be appreciated! 


	




PHP Unset Session Variable

I have a doubt about how to manage a user&#39;s session in React, for example in MVC .NET you only just do this using the Session object (e.g. `Session[&quot;test&quot;] = &quot;&quot;;`), but obviously React can not do this.

I was reading about using the component state, I suppose that sets the state at the principal component and passes this state to other components using props. Also I saw people recommending the use the browser&#39;s `localStorage` or cookies, but I don&#39;t know if this if a good idea or practice. 

Is there a better way to manage sessions variables in React than `localStorage` or cookies?

What is the best way to manage a user&#39;s session in React?

I want to redirect any path under `/users` to a static app.  The following view should capture these paths and serve the appropriate file (it just prints the path for this example).  This works for `/users`, `/users/604511`, and `/users/604511/action`.  Why does the path `/users/` cause a 404 error?

    @bp.route(&#39;/users&#39;)
    @bp.route(&#39;/users/&lt;path:path&gt;&#39;)
    def serve_client_app(path=None):
        return path

Trailing slash triggers 404 in Flask path rule

Implementing a simple static site from flask, but the browser says template not found, the shell returned 404


    jinja2.exceptions.TemplateNotFound

    TemplateNotFound: template.html

The main python code:

    from flask import Flask, render_template
	app = Flask(__name__)


	@app.route(&quot;/&quot;)
	def template_test():
	    return render_template(&#39;template.html&#39;, my_string=&quot;Wheeeee!&quot;, my_list=[0,1,2,3,4,5])

	if __name__ == &#39;__main__&#39;:
	    app.run(debug=True)

I have the following file structure:

	flask_new_practice
	|--template/
		|--template.html
	|--run.py

Flask Template Not found

Every time I run my app that uses Flask-SQLAlchemy I get the following warning that the `SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS` option will be disabled.

    /home/david/.virtualenvs/flask-sqlalchemy/lib/python3.5/site-packages/flask_sqlalchemy/__init__.py:800: UserWarning: SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS adds significant overhead and will be disabled by default in the future.  Set it to True to suppress this warning.
      warnings.warn(&#39;SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS adds significant overhead and will be disabled by default in the future.  Set it to True to suppress this warning.&#39;)

I tried to find out what this option does, but the Flask-SQLAlchemy documentation isn&#39;t clear about what uses this tracking.

&gt; `SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS`
&gt; 
&gt; If set to True (the default) Flask-SQLAlchemy will track modifications of objects and emit signals. This requires extra memory and can be disabled if not needed.

How do I find out if my project requires `SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS = True` or if I can safely disable this feature and save memory on my server?

How do I know if I can disable SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS?

As a Flask beginner, I can&#39;t understand how `request.args` is used. I read somewhere that it is used to return values of query string (correct me if I&#39;m wrong) and how many parameters `request.args.get()` takes.

I know that when I have to store submitted form data, I can use `fname = request.form.get(&quot;firstname&quot;)`. Here, only one parameter is passed, whereas the code below takes two parameters.
    
    @app.route(&quot;/&quot;)
    def home():
        cnx = db_connect()
        cur = cnx.cursor()
        output = []
    
        page = request.args.get(&#39;page&#39;, 1)
    
        try:
            page = int(page)
            skip = (page-1)*4
        except:
            abort(404)
       
        stmt_select = &quot;select * from posts limit %s, 4;&quot;
        values=[skip]
    
        cur.execute(stmt_select,values)
        x=cur.fetchall()
    
        for row in reversed(x):
            data = {
               &quot;uid&quot;:row[0],
               &quot;pid&quot;:row[1],
               &quot;subject&quot;:row[2],
               &quot;post_content&quot;:row[3],
               &quot;date&quot;:datetime.fromtimestamp(row[4]),
            }
            output.append(data)
        
        next = page + 1
        previous = page-1
        if previous&lt;1:
        previous=1
        return render_template(&quot;home.html&quot;, persons=output, next=next, previous=previous)

Please explain why it takes two parameters, and then what its use is.


Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	Aviv Cohn	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - Python	Martijn Pieters	View Answer on Stackoverflow

Flask: 'session' vs. 'g'?

Python Problem Overview

Python Solutions

Solution 1 - Python

How do I set up VSCode to put curly braces on a new line?

Typescript compiler error when importing json file

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