There are a few global variables that are passed in the templates context by default by flask ([here](http://flask.pocoo.org/docs/templating/#standard-context) is the complete list), one of them being `config`, which allows you to access the application configuration from templates.  Being a dictionary, it can be accessed using the syntax `config[&#39;MY_CONFIGURATION&#39;]` or `config.MY_CONFIGURATION` (this syntax for accessing dict items is specific to Jinja).

On the other hand, if you wanted to pass arbitrary data to your templates without having to pass it explicitely in each view, you would have to use [context processors](http://flask.pocoo.org/docs/templating/#context-processors).

The constructor for this `enum` is private. What does that mean? 

    public enum SLocale {
    
        EN_US(Locale.US, &quot;www.abc.com&quot;, &quot;www.edc.com&quot;, &quot;www.vvv.com&quot;,
                &quot;www.earn.com&quot;);
    
        List&lt;String&gt; domains;
        Locale loc;
        IMap map;
    
        private SLocale(Locale loc, String... domains) {
            this.domains = Arrays.asList(domains);
            this.loc = loc;
            this.siteMap = Factory.getMap(loc);
        }
    
        public List&lt;String&gt; getDomains() {
            return domains;
        }
    
        public Locale getLoc() {
            return loc;
        }
    
        public ISiteMap getMap() {
            return map;
        }
    }

Private enum constructor

I&#39;ve downloaded an editor of [sublimetext](http://www.sublimetext.com/) and I want to know what GUI library is used in there.

The filenames of files that are in the editor executables directory are:

    bz2.pyd
    Microsoft.VC90.CRT.manifest   
    msvcp90.dll
    msvcr90.dll                   
    PackageSetup.py
    PackageSetup.pyc              
    pyexpat.pyd                   
    python26.dll
    python26.zip                  
    select.pyd
    sublimeplugin.py              
    sublimeplugin.pyc
    sublimetext.exe               
    unicodedata.pyd
    unins000.dat                  
    unins000.exe
    _ctypes.pyd                   
    _elementtree.pyd
    _hashlib.pyd                  
    _socket.pyd
    _ssl.pyd     

Can I find the information from the file names?

What gui library is used by sublime text editor?

I am using Flask version 0.7.  I have stored the path of static content in a configuration file and loaded it using 

    app.config.from_envvar(&lt;file_name&gt;)

Can I be able to access this config variable in the template without passing the variables through the view? 

Flask - Accessing the config variable in the template

I am using Flask version 0.7. I have stored the path of static content in a configuration file and loaded it using
<pre><code class="hljs language-arduino">app.config.from_envvar(&#x3C;file_name>)
</code></pre>
Can I be able to access this config variable in the template without passing the variables through the view?

How would I get the first character from the first string in a list in Python?  

It seems that I could use `mylist[0][1:]` but that does not give me the first character.

    &gt;&gt;&gt; mylist = []
    &gt;&gt;&gt; mylist.append(&quot;asdf&quot;)
    &gt;&gt;&gt; mylist.append(&quot;jkl;&quot;)
    &gt;&gt;&gt; mylist[0][1:]
    &#39;sdf&#39;

 


Python: Get the first character of the first string in a list?

There is a ton of information on how to do this, but since *&quot;there is more than one way to skin a cat&quot;*, and all the tutorials/manuals that cover a bit of the process seem to make certain assumptions which are different from other tutorials, I still didn&#39;t manage to grasp it.

So far this is what I think I understood.

1. My final goal should be that of creating a &quot;binary&quot; .deb package. Such package will be platform-independent (32/64 bit) as all Python programs are such.
2. To create a &quot;binary&quot; package I need first to create a source package.
3. To create the source package I can use either `CDBS` or `debhelper`. Debhelper is the recommended way for beginners.
4. The core of creating a source package is populating the `DEBIAN` directory in the source directory with a number of files clarifying where files need to be copied, what copyright and licensing scheme they are subject to, what dependencies they have, etc...
5. Step #4 can be largely automated the `dh_make`command *if* the Python source also comes with a distutils&#39; `setup.py` script.

Now my questions:

1. **Is my understanding of the process correct?** Is there anything I am missing, or anything that I got wrong?
2. Step #5 is really the more confusing to me: specifically the two points that remains most obscure to me are:
   - **How do I write a `setup.py` script that install a stand-alone programme?** **EDIT:** By _standalone programme_ I mean a program intended to be used by a desktop user (as opposed to a _module_ which I understand like a collection of functionality to be used by other software after having been imported). In my specific case I would actually need *two* such &quot;programs&quot;: the main software and a separate utility (in effect a second &quot;program&quot; that should be in the same package with the other one).
   - **What are the specificities of such a script for DEB packages?** The official documentation only seems to deal with RPM and Windows stuff...

BTW: These are the best sources of information that I could find myself so far. If you have anything better than this, please share! :)

- [Ubuntu&#39;s Python packaging guide][1]
- [Creating a .deb package from a python setup.py][2] (it _shows_ the steps, but it doesn&#39;t _explain_ them enough for me to follow along)
- [ShowMeDo video on &quot;creating a .deb package out of a python
  program&quot;][3] (it doesn&#39;t seem up-to-date and - if I got it right - will produce packages for personal use, without dependencies
and without a signed changelog and other key data that will make it incompatible with the Debian policy).

  [1]: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/PackagingGuide/Python#The_debhelper_way
  [2]: http://ghantoos.org/2008/10/19/creating-a-deb-package-from-a-python-setuppy/
  [3]: http://showmedo.com/videotutorials/series?name=linuxJensMakingDebSeries


Is there a standard way to create Debian packages for distributing Python programs?

Is it possible to have overloaded functions in Python?

In C# I would do something like

    void myfunction (int first, string second)
    {
        # Some code
    }

    void myfunction (int first, string second, float third)
    {
        # Some different code
    }

And then when I call the function it would differentiate between the two based on the number of arguments. Is it possible to do something similar in Python?


Overloaded functions in Python

Before upgrading to lion, I had tab complete working in a python shell via terminal. Following [these instructions][1], it was possible to have tab complete working.

Since upgrading to Lion, I am now unable to get tab complete working in a terminal session of Python. I&#39;ve followed the above instructions to the letter, and it still does not work.

Is there a difference with the readline module in Lion? Hooking in to the &#39;tab:complete&#39; option no longer seems to work. I&#39;m wondering if it is terminal that is ignoring readline, or if it is python itself.

Python version: 2.7.1


Edit:

By tab complete, I mean I could do something like the following:

    # django
    import MyModel
    MyModel.objects.a[TAB] # will complete to all()

  [1]: http://blog.e-shell.org/221

Python REPL tab completion on MacOS

I&#39;m having trouble understanding `__file__`. From what I understand, `__file__` returns the absolute path from which the module was loaded. 

I&#39;m having problem producing this: I have a `abc.py` with one statement `print __file__`, running from `/d/projects/` `python abc.py` returns `abc.py`. running from `/d/` returns `projects/abc.py`. Any reasons why?

 

Is module __file__ attribute absolute or relative?

I would like to fake request parameters for unit testing. How can I achieve this in Flask?

How can I fake request.POST and GET params for unit testing in Flask?

Half of my Flask routes requires a variable say, `/&lt;variable&gt;/add` or `/&lt;variable&gt;/remove`. How do I create links to those locations?

`url_for()` takes one argument for the function to route to but I can&#39;t add arguments?

Create dynamic URLs in Flask with url_for()

We&#39;re using Flask for one of our API&#39;s and I was just wondering if anyone knew how to return a HTTP response 201?

For errors such as 404 we can call:

    from flask import abort
    abort(404)

But for 201 I get

&gt; LookupError: no exception for 201

Do I need to create my own exception like [this][1] in the docs?


  [1]: http://werkzeug.pocoo.org/docs/exceptions/#custom-errors

Return HTTP status code 201 in flask

I&#39;m using flask for my application. I&#39;d like to send an image (dynamically generated by PIL) to client without saving on disk.

Any idea how to do this ? 

How to send image generated by PIL to browser?

I am not sure I understand the purpose of the `flask.jsonify` method. I try to make a JSON string from this:

    data = {&quot;id&quot;: str(album.id), &quot;title&quot;: album.title}

but what I get with `json.dumps` differs from what I get with `flask.jsonify`.

    json.dumps(data): [{&quot;id&quot;: &quot;4ea856fd6506ae0db42702dd&quot;, &quot;title&quot;: &quot;Business&quot;}]
    flask.jsonify(data): {&quot;id&quot;:…, &quot;title&quot;:…}

Obviously I need to get a result that looks more like what `json.dumps` returns. What am I doing wrong?

json.dumps vs flask.jsonify

I would like to do something like:

variable p is from test.py which is a list [&#39;a&#39;,&#39;b&#39;,&#39;c&#39;,&#39;d&#39;]

    {% for i in p %}
    {{variable++}}
    {{variable}}

result output is:  
1 2 3 4


How to increment a variable on a for loop in jinja template?

In a template, how do I get what page I&#39;m currently on? I&#39;d rather not pass a variable like `page` , especially when I know some `request.xxx` can provide me with the information.

    &lt;li {% if page==&quot;home&quot; %}class=&quot;active&quot;{% endif %}&gt;                   
        &lt;a href=&quot;/&quot;&gt;Home&lt;/a&gt;                                                
    &lt;/li&gt;                                                                 
    &lt;li {% if page==&quot;about&quot; %}class=&quot;active&quot;{% endif %}&gt;                  
        &lt;a href=&quot;/about&quot;&gt;About&lt;/a&gt;                                          
    &lt;/li&gt; 



Flask: current page in request variable

Using Django templating engine I can include another partial template while setting a custom context using named arguments, like this:

    {% include &quot;list.html&quot; with articles=articles_list1 only %}
    {% include &quot;list.html&quot; with articles=articles_list2 only %}

As you may be supposing, `articles_list1` and `articles_list2` are two different lists, but I can reuse the very same `list.html` template which will be using the `articles` variable.

I&#39;m trying to achieve the same thing using Jinja2, but I can&#39;t see what&#39;s the recommended way, as the `with` keyword is not supported.

How to pass selected, named arguments to Jinja2&#39;s include context?

I want to change the value of the variable declared outside the loop within a loop. But always changing, it keeps the initial value outside the loop.

    {% set foo = False %}
    
    {% for item in items %}
      {% set foo = True %}
      {% if foo %} Ok(1)! {% endif %}
    {% endfor %}
    
    {% if foo %} Ok(2)! {% endif %}

This renders:

    Ok(1)!

So the only (bad) solution  have found so far was this:

    {% set foo = [] %}
    
    {% for item in items %}
      {% if foo.append(True) %} {% endif %}
      {% if foo %} Ok(1)! {% endif %}
    {% endfor %}
    
    {% if foo %} Ok(2)! {% endif %}

This renders:

    Ok(1)!
    Ok(2)!

But, its is very ugly! Is there another more elegant solution?

Jinja2: Change the value of a variable inside a loop

By default, when running Flask application using the built-in server (`Flask.run`), it monitors its Python files and automatically reloads the app if its code changes:

    * Detected change in &#39;/home/xion/hello-world/app.py&#39;, reloading
    * Restarting with reloader

Unfortunately, this seems to work for _\*.py_ files only, and I don&#39;t seem to find any way to extend this functionality to other files. Most notably, it would be extremely useful to have Flask restart the app when a **template** changes. I&#39;ve lost count on how many times I was fiddling with markup in templates and getting confused by not seeing any changes, only to find out that the app was still using the old version of Jinja template.

So, is there a way to have Flask monitor files in _templates_ directory, or does it require diving into the framework&#39;s source?

**Edit**: I&#39;m using Ubuntu 10.10. Haven&#39;t tried that on any other platforms really.

---

After further inquiry, I have discovered that changes in templates indeed _are_ updated in real time, without reloading the app itself. However, this seems to apply only to those templates that are passed to `flask.render_template`.

But it so happens that in my app, I have quite a lot of reusable, parametrized components which I use in Jinja templates. They are implemented as `{% macro %}`s, reside in dedicated &quot;modules&quot; and are `{% import %}`ed into actual pages. All nice and DRY... except that those imported templates are apparently never checked for modifications, as they don&#39;t pass through `render_template` at all.

(Curiously, this doesn&#39;t happen for templates invoked through `{% extends %}`. As for `{% include %}`, I have no idea as I don&#39;t really use them.)

So to wrap up, the roots of this phenomenon seems to lie somewhere between Jinja and Flask or Werkzeug. I guess it may warrant a trip to bug tracker for either of those projects :) Meanwhile, I&#39;ve accepted the *jd.*&#39;s answer because that&#39;s the solution I actually used - and it works like a charm.

Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	ranendra	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - Python	mdeous	View Answer on Stackoverflow

Flask - Accessing the config variable in the template

Python Problem Overview

Python Solutions

Solution 1 - Python

What gui library is used by sublime text editor?

Private enum constructor

Attributions