.NET does not have enforced (&quot;checked&quot;) exceptions like java. The intellisense *might* show this information, if the developer has added a `/// &lt;exception.../&gt;` block - but ultimately more exceptions can happen than you expect (`OutOfMemoryException`, `ThreadAbortException`, `TypeLoadException`, etc can all happen fairly unpredictably).

In general, you should have an idea of what things are likely to go wrong, and which ones you can actually do something useful about. In most cases, the correct behaviour is to let the exception bubble up (just running any &quot;finally&quot; code to release resources).

Eric Lippert has a good blog on this subject [here][1].


  [1]: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/archive/blogs/ericlippert/vexing-exceptions

I think that [Exception hunter][1] can provide this information however it costs money...


  [1]: http://www.red-gate.com/products/Exception_Hunter/index.htm

After reading another article about this on StackOverflow, I built on top of that other answer to write a tool to do this, you can get the source code from GitHub here:

[Exception Reflector][1]


  [1]: https://github.com/stevesheldon/ExceptionReflector


you can also read more here:

http://steves-rv-travels.com/archives/167

As long as you&#39;re using BCL classes, they are all completely documented and Intellisense therefore displays any exception a method can throw. Other than that (and reading the docs), there is no way, I think.

I&#39;ve always wondered why the C++ Standard library has instantiated basic_[io]stream and all its variants using the &lt;code&gt;char&lt;/code&gt; type instead of the &lt;code&gt;unsigned char&lt;/code&gt; type. &lt;code&gt;char&lt;/code&gt; means (depending on whether it is signed or not) you can have overflow and underflow for operations like get(), which will lead to implementation-defined value of the variables involved. Another example is when you want to output a byte, unformatted, to an ostream using its `put` function.

Any ideas?

----------
**Note**: I&#39;m still not really convinced. So if you know the definitive answer, you can still post it indeed.

Why do C++ streams use char instead of unsigned char?

I have several identical elements with different attributes that I&#39;m accessing with SimpleXML:

    &lt;data&gt;
        &lt;seg id=&quot;A1&quot;/&gt;
        &lt;seg id=&quot;A5&quot;/&gt;
        &lt;seg id=&quot;A12&quot;/&gt;
        &lt;seg id=&quot;A29&quot;/&gt;
        &lt;seg id=&quot;A30&quot;/&gt;
    &lt;/data&gt;

I need to remove a specific **seg** element, with an id of &quot;A12&quot;, how can I do this?  I&#39;ve tried looping through the **seg** elements and *unset*ting the specific one, but this doesn&#39;t work, the elements remain.

    foreach($doc-&gt;seg as $seg)
    {
        if($seg[&#39;id&#39;] == &#39;A12&#39;)
        {
            unset($seg);
        }
    }


Remove a child with a specific attribute, in SimpleXML for PHP

Is there any way to find out what exceptions might be thrown by any method in .NET code? Ideally I want to see what might be thrown and choose which ones I want to handle. I guess I want the information you&#39;d get from the throws clause in java. 

The situation is I&#39;m doing a linq query on an xml document from the network and want to know what could go wrong. I could open up the assembly in reflector and have a look but I thought there might be an easier way. 

Finding out what exceptions a method might throw in C#

<p>Is there any way to find out what exceptions might be thrown by any method in .NET code? Ideally I want to see what might be thrown and choose which ones I want to handle. I guess I want the information you'd get from the throws clause in java.</p>
<p>The situation is I'm doing a linq query on an xml document from the network and want to know what could go wrong. I could open up the assembly in reflector and have a look but I thought there might be an easier way.</p>


I need to search a string in the string array. I dont want to use any for looping in it

    string [] arr = {&quot;One&quot;,&quot;Two&quot;,&quot;Three&quot;};

    string theString = &quot;One&quot;

I need to check whether theString variable is present in arr.



How to search a string in String array

I have the following code:

	Using cmd As SqlCommand = Connection.CreateCommand
		cmd.CommandText = &quot;UPDATE someTable SET Value = @Value&quot;
		cmd.CommandText &amp;= &quot; WHERE Id = @Id&quot;
		cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue(&quot;@Id&quot;, 1234)
		cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue(&quot;@Value&quot;, &quot;myValue&quot;)
		cmd.ExecuteNonQuery
	End Using

I wonder if there is any way to get the final SQL statment as a String, which should look like this:

&lt;!-- language: lang-sql --&gt;

    UPDATE someTable SET Value = &quot;myValue&quot; WHERE Id = 1234

If anyone wonders why I would do this:

  - for logging (failed) statements
  - for having the possibility to copy &amp; paste it to the Enterprise Manager for testing purposes

Get the generated SQL statement from a SqlCommand object?

I have always initialized my strings to NULL, with the thinking that NULL means the absence of a value and &quot;&quot; or String.Empty is a valid value.  I have seen more examples lately of code where String.Empty is considered the default value or represents no value.  This strikes me as odd, with the newly added nullable types in c# it seems like we are taking strides backwards with strings by not using the NULL to represent &#39;No Value&#39;.

**What do you use as the default initializer and why?**

*Edit: Based on the answers I futher my further thoughts*

1. **Avoiding error handling** If the value shouldn&#39;t be null, why did it get set to `NULL` in the first place?  Perhaps it would be better to identify the error at the place where it occurs rather than cover it up through out the rest of your codebase?  

2. **Avoiding null checks** If you are tired of doing null checks in code, wouldn&#39;t it be better to abstract the null checks?  Perhaps wrap (or extend!) the string methods to make them `NULL` safe? What happens if you constantly use `String.Empty` and a null happens to work it&#39;s way into your system, do you start adding `NULL` checks anyways?

I can&#39;t help but return to the opinion that it is laziness. Any DBA would slap you nine ways to silly if you used &#39;&#39; instead of `null` in his\her database. I think the same principles apply in programming and there should be somebody to smack those upside the head who use `String.Empty` rather than `NULL` to represent no value.

&gt; ### Related Questions
&gt; * [In C#, should I use string.Empty or String.Empty or “” ?](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/263191/in-c-should-i-use-stringempty-or-stringempty-or)
&gt; * [What is the difference between String.Empty and “”](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/151472/what-is-the-difference-between-stringempty-and)
&gt; * [Null or empty string to represent no data in table column?](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/167952/null-or-empty-string-to-represent-no-data-in-table-column)

Default string initialization: NULL or Empty?

I&#39;ve got a junk directory where I toss downloads, one-off projects, email drafts, and other various things that might be useful for a few days but don&#39;t need to be saved forever.  To stop this directory from taking over my machine, I wrote a program that will delete all files older than a specified number of days and logs some statistics about the number of files deleted and their size just for fun.

I noticed that a few project folders were living way longer than they should, so I started to investigate.  In particular, it seemed that folders for projects in which I had used SVN were sticking around.  It turns out that the read-only files in the .svn directories are not being deleted.  I just did a simple test on a read-only file and discovered that &lt;code&gt;System.IO.File.Delete&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;System.IO.FileInfo.Delete&lt;/code&gt; will not delete a read-only file.

I don&#39;t care about protecting files in this particular directory; if something important is in there it&#39;s in the wrong place.  Is there a .NET class that can delete read-only files, or am I going to have to check for read-only attributes and strip them?

How do I delete a read-only file?

Basically, I would like to check if I have rights to open the file before I actually try to open it; I do not want to use a try/catch for this check unless I have to. Is there a file access property I can check before hand?


how can you easily check if access is denied for a file in .NET?

The title is kind of obscure. What I want to know is if this is possible:

    string typeName = &lt;read type name from somwhere&gt;;
    Type myType = Type.GetType(typeName);
    
    MyGenericClass&lt;myType&gt; myGenericClass = new MyGenericClass&lt;myType&gt;();


Obviously, MyGenericClass is described as:

    public class MyGenericClass&lt;T&gt;

Right now, the compiler complains that &#39;The type or namespace &#39;myType&#39; could not be found.&quot; There has got to be a way to do this.

Pass An Instantiated System.Type as a Type Parameter for a Generic Class

I just realized that in some place in my code I have the return statement inside the lock and sometime outside. Which one is the best?

1)

    void example()
    {
        lock (mutex)
        {
        //...
        }
        return myData;
    }

2)

    void example()
    {
        lock (mutex)
        {
        //...
        return myData;
        }
        
    }

Which one should I use?

Should a return statement be inside or outside a lock?

I have a .NET assembly that (for reasons outside my control) *must* be in the GAC. However, the same assembly is used by another program, which has a its own copy of an older version of the same assembly. It must use its own copy and not whatever is in the GAC. Proper versioning is probably more hassle than it&#39;s worth in this case, for reasons I won&#39;t go into. My questions is: **is there anyway to tell .NET: just use THIS DLL, right here in this directory - ignore whatever you find in the GAC or anywhere else**.

How can I force .NET to use a local copy of an assembly that&#39;s in the GAC

I wrote a PHP code like this

    $site=&quot;http://www.google.com&quot;;
    $content = file_get_content($site);
    echo $content;

But when I remove &quot;http://&quot; from `$site` I get the following warning:

&gt; Warning:
&gt; file_get_contents(www.google.com)
&gt; [function.file-get-contents]: failed
&gt; to open stream:

I tried `try` and `catch` but it didn&#39;t work.

How can I handle the warning of file_get_contents() function in PHP?

When does java let go of a connections to a URL? I don&#39;t see a close() method on either URL or URLConnection so does it free up the connection as soon as the request finishes? I&#39;m mainly asking to see if I need to do any clean up in an exception handler.

    try {
      URL url = new URL(&quot;http://foo.bar&quot;);
      URLConnection conn = url.openConnection();
      // use the connection
    }
    catch (Exception e) {
      // any clean up here?
    }


In Java when does a URL connection close?

What is the most elegant way to check if the directory a file is going to be written to exists, and if not, create the directory using Python? Here is what I tried:

    import os

    file_path = &quot;/my/directory/filename.txt&quot;
    directory = os.path.dirname(file_path)

    try:
        os.stat(directory)
    except:
        os.mkdir(directory)
    
    f = file(filename)

Somehow, I missed `os.path.exists` (thanks kanja, Blair, and Douglas). This is what I have now:

    def ensure_dir(file_path):
        directory = os.path.dirname(file_path)
        if not os.path.exists(directory):
            os.makedirs(directory)

Is there a flag for `open()`, that makes this happen automatically?


How can I safely create a nested directory?

Question:  Is exception handling in Java actually slow?

Conventional wisdom, as well as a lot of Google results, says that exceptional logic shouldn&#39;t be used for normal program flow in Java.  Two reasons are usually given,

1. it is really slow - even an order of magnitude slower than regular code (the reasons given vary),  

and 

2. it is messy because people expect only errors to be handled in exceptional code.  

This question is about #1.

As an example, [this page][1] describes Java exception handling as &quot;very slow&quot; and relates the slowness to the creation of the exception message string - &quot;this string is then used in creating the exception object that is thrown. This is not fast.&quot;  The article [Effective Exception Handling in Java][2] says that &quot;the reason for this is due to the object creation aspect of exception handling, which thereby makes throwing exceptions inherently slow&quot;.  Another reason out there is that the stack trace generation is what slows it down.

My testing (using Java 1.6.0_07, Java HotSpot 10.0, on 32 bit Linux), indicates that exception handling is no slower than regular code.  I tried running a method in a loop that executes some code.  At the end of the method, I use a boolean to indicate whether to *return* or *throw*.  This way the actual processing is the same. I tried running the methods in different orders and averaging my test times, thinking it may have been the JVM warming up.  In all my tests, the throw was at least as fast as the return, if not faster (up to 3.1% faster).  I am completely open to the possibility that my tests were wrong, but I haven&#39;t seen anything out there in the way of the code sample, test comparisons, or results in the last year or two that show exception handling in Java to actually be slow.

What leads me down this path was an API I needed to use that threw exceptions as part of normal control logic.  I wanted to correct them in their usage, but now I may not be able to.  Will I instead have to praise them on their forward thinking?

In the paper [Efficient Java exception handling in just-in-time compilation][3], the authors suggest that the presence of exception handlers alone, even if no exceptions are thrown, is enough to prevent the JIT compiler from optimizing the code properly, thus slowing it down.  I haven&#39;t tested this theory yet.


  [1]: http://leepoint.net/notes-java/flow/exceptions/03exceptions.html
  [2]: http://adtmag.com/articles/2000/08/22/effective-exception-handling-in-java.aspx
  [3]: http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=337453

What are the effects of exceptions on performance in Java?

I keep seeing people say that exceptions are slow, but I never see any proof. So, instead of asking if they are, I will ask how do exceptions work behind the scenes, so I can make decisions of when to use them and whether they are slow.

From what I know, exceptions are the same as doing a return bunch of times, except that it also checks after each return whether it needs to do another one or to stop. How does it check when to stop returning? I guess there is a second stack that holds the type of the exception and a stack location, it then does returns until it gets there. I am also guessing that the only time this second stack is touched is on a throw and on each try/catch. AFAICT implementing a similar behaviour with return codes would take the same amount of time. But this is all just a guess, so I want to know what really happens.

How do exceptions really work?

Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	Helephant	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - C#	Marc Gravell	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 2 - C#	reshefm	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 3 - C#	Steve Sheldon	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 4 - C#	OregonGhost	View Answer on Stackoverflow

Finding out what exceptions a method might throw in C#

C# Problem Overview

C# Solutions

Solution 1 - C#

Solution 2 - C#

Solution 3 - C#

Solution 4 - C#

Remove a child with a specific attribute, in SimpleXML for PHP

Why do C++ streams use char instead of unsigned char?

Attributions