Find 2 numbers in an unsorted array equal to a given sum
AlgorithmLanguage AgnosticAlgorithm Problem Overview
We need to find pair of numbers in an array whose sum is equal to a given value.
A = {6,4,5,7,9,1,2}
Sum = 10 Then the pairs are - {6,4} , {9,1}
I have two solutions for this .
- an O(nlogn) solution - sort + check sum with 2 iterators (beginning and end).
- an O(n) solution - hashing the array. Then checking if
sum-hash[i]exists in the hash table or not.
But , the problem is that although the second solution is O(n) time , but uses O(n) space as well.
So , I was wondering if we could do it in O(n) time and O(1) space. And this is NOT homework!
Algorithm Solutions
Solution 1 - Algorithm
Use in-place radix sort and OP's first solution with 2 iterators, coming towards each other.
If numbers in the array are not some sort of multi-precision numbers and are, for example, 32-bit integers, you can sort them in 232 passes using practically no additional space (1 bit per pass). Or 28 passes and 16 integer counters (4 bits per pass).
Details for the 2 iterators solution:
First iterator initially points to first element of the sorted array and advances forward. Second iterator initially points to last element of the array and advances backward.
If sum of elements, referenced by iterators, is less than the required value, advance first iterator. If it is greater than the required value, advance second iterator. If it is equal to the required value, success.
Only one pass is needed, so time complexity is O(n). Space complexity is O(1). If radix sort is used, complexities of the whole algorithm are the same.
If you are interested in related problems (with sum of more than 2 numbers), see "Sum-subset with a fixed subset size" and "Finding three elements in an array whose sum is closest to an given number".
Solution 2 - Algorithm
This is a classic interview question from Microsoft research Asia.
How to Find 2 numbers in an unsorted array equal to a given sum.
[1]brute force solution
This algorithm is very simple. The time complexity is O(N^2)
[2]Using binary search
Using bianry searching to find the Sum-arr[i] with every arr[i], The time complexity can be reduced to O(N*logN)
[3]Using Hash
Base on [2] algorithm and use hash, the time complexity can be reduced to O(N), but this solution will add the O(N) space of hash.
[4]Optimal algorithm:
Pseduo-code:
for(i=0;j=n-1;i<j)
if(arr[i]+arr[j]==sum) return (i,j);
else if(arr[i]+arr[j]<sum) i++;
else j--;
return(-1,-1);
or
If a[M] + a[m] > I then M--
If a[M] + a[m] < I then m++
If a[M] + a[m] == I you have found it
If m > M, no such numbers exist.
And, Is this quesiton completely solved? No. If the number is N. This problem will become very complex.
The quesiton then:
How can I find all the combination cases with a given number?
This is a classic NP-Complete problem which is called subset-sum.
To understand NP/NPC/NP-Hard you'd better to read some professional books.
References:
[1]http://www.quora.com/Mathematics/How-can-I-find-all-the-combination-cases-with-a-given-number
[2]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subset_sum_problem
Solution 3 - Algorithm
for (int i=0; i < array.size(); i++){
int value = array[i];
int diff = sum - value;
if (! hashSet.contains(diffvalue)){
hashSet.put(value,value);
} else{
printf(sum = diffvalue + hashSet.get(diffvalue));
}
}
--------
Sum being sum of 2 numbers.
Solution 4 - Algorithm
public void printPairsOfNumbers(int[] a, int sum){
//O(n2)
for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
for (int j = i+1; j < a.length; j++) {
if(sum - a[i] == a[j]){
//match..
System.out.println(a[i]+","+a[j]);
}
}
}
//O(n) time and O(n) space
Set<Integer> cache = new HashSet<Integer>();
cache.add(a[0]);
for (int i = 1; i < a.length; i++) {
if(cache.contains(sum - a[i])){
//match//
System.out.println(a[i]+","+(sum-a[i]));
}else{
cache.add(a[i]);
}
}
}
Solution 5 - Algorithm
Create a dictionary with pairs Key (number from the list) and the Value is the number which is necessary to obtain a desired value. Next, check the presence of the pairs of numbers in the list.
def check_sum_in_list(p_list, p_check_sum):
l_dict = {i: (p_check_sum - i) for i in p_list}
for key, value in l_dict.items():
if key in p_list and value in p_list:
return True
return False
if __name__ == '__main__':
l1 = [1, 3, 7, 12, 72, 2, 8]
l2 = [1, 2, 2, 4, 7, 4, 13, 32]
print(check_sum_in_list(l1, 10))
print(check_sum_in_list(l2, 99))
Output:
True
Flase
version 2
import random
def check_sum_in_list(p_list, p_searched_sum):
print(list(p_list))
l_dict = {i: p_searched_sum - i for i in set(p_list)}
for key, value in l_dict.items():
if key in p_list and value in p_list:
if p_list.index(key) != p_list.index(value):
print(key, value)
return True
return False
if __name__ == '__main__':
l1 = []
for i in range(1, 2000000):
l1.append(random.randrange(1, 1000))
j = 0
i = 9
while i < len(l1):
if check_sum_in_list(l1[j:i], 100):
print('Found')
break
else:
print('Continue searching')
j = i
i = i + 10
Output:
...
[154, 596, 758, 924, 797, 379, 731, 278, 992, 167]
Continue searching
[808, 730, 216, 15, 261, 149, 65, 386, 670, 770]
Continue searching
[961, 632, 39, 888, 61, 18, 166, 167, 474, 108]
39 61
Finded
[Finished in 3.9s]
Solution 6 - Algorithm
If you assume that the value M to which the pairs are suppose to sum is constant and that the entries in the array are positive, then you can do this in one pass (O(n) time) using M/2 pointers (O(1) space) as follows. The pointers are labeled P1,P2,...,Pk where k=floor(M/2). Then do something like this
for (int i=0; i<N; ++i) {
int j = array[i];
if (j < M/2) {
if (Pj == 0)
Pj = -(i+1); // found smaller unpaired
else if (Pj > 0)
print(Pj-1,i); // found a pair
Pj = 0;
} else
if (Pj == 0)
Pj = (i+1); // found larger unpaired
else if (Pj < 0)
print(Pj-1,i); // found a pair
Pj = 0;
}
}
You can handle repeated entries (e.g. two 6's) by storing the indices as digits in base N, for example. For M/2, you can add the conditional
if (j == M/2) {
if (Pj == 0)
Pj = i+1; // found unpaired middle
else
print(Pj-1,i); // found a pair
Pj = 0;
}
But now you have the problem of putting the pairs together.
Solution 7 - Algorithm
Does the obvious solution not work (iterating over every consecutive pair) or are the two numbers in any order?
In that case, you could sort the list of numbers and use random sampling to partition the sorted list until you have a sublist that is small enough to be iterated over.
Solution 8 - Algorithm
public static ArrayList<Integer> find(int[] A , int target){
HashSet<Integer> set = new HashSet<Integer>();
ArrayList<Integer> list = new ArrayList<Integer>();
int diffrence = 0;
for(Integer i : A){
set.add(i);
}
for(int i = 0; i <A.length; i++){
diffrence = target- A[i];
if(set.contains(diffrence)&&A[i]!=diffrence){
list.add(A[i]);
list.add(diffrence);
return list;
}
}
return null;
}
Solution 9 - Algorithm
`package algorithmsDesignAnalysis;
public class USELESStemp {
public static void main(String[] args){
int A[] = {6, 8, 7, 5, 3, 11, 10};
int sum = 12;
int[] B = new int[A.length];
int Max =A.length;
for(int i=0; i<A.length; i++){
B[i] = sum - A[i];
if(B[i] > Max)
Max = B[i];
if(A[i] > Max)
Max = A[i];
System.out.print(" " + B[i] + "");
} // O(n) here;
System.out.println("\n Max = " + Max);
int[] Array = new int[Max+1];
for(int i=0; i<B.length; i++){
Array[B[i]] = B[i];
} // O(n) here;
for(int i=0; i<A.length; i++){
if (Array[A[i]] >= 0)
System.out.println("We got one: " + A[i] +" and " + (sum-A[i]));
} // O(n) here;
} // end main();
/******
Running time: 3*O(n)
*******/
}
Solution 10 - Algorithm
Below code takes the array and the number N as the target sum. First the array is sorted, then a new array containing the remaining elements are taken and then scanned not by binary search but simple scanning of the remainder and the array simultaneously.
public static int solution(int[] a, int N) {
quickSort(a, 0, a.length-1); // nlog(n)
int[] remainders = new int[a.length];
for (int i=0; i<a.length; i++) {
remainders[a.length-1-i] = N - a[i]; // n
}
int previous = 0;
for (int j=0; j<a.length; j++) { // ~~ n
int k = previous;
while(k < remainders.length && remainders[k] < a[j]) {
k++;
}
if(k < remainders.length && remainders[k] == a[j]) {
return 1;
}
previous = k;
}
return 0;
}
Solution 11 - Algorithm
Shouldn't iterating from both ends just solve the problem?
Sort the array. And start comparing from both ends.
if((arr[start] + arr[end]) < sum) start++;
if((arr[start] + arr[end]) > sum) end--;
if((arr[start] + arr[end]) = sum) {print arr[start] "," arr[end] ; start++}
if(start > end) break;
Time Complexity O(nlogn)
Solution 12 - Algorithm
if its a sorted array and we need only pair of numbers and not all the pairs we can do it like this:
public void sums(int a[] , int x){ // A = 1,2,3,9,11,20 x=11
int i=0 , j=a.length-1;
while(i < j){
if(a[i] + a[j] == x) system.out.println("the numbers : "a[x] + " " + a[y]);
else if(a[i] + a[j] < x) i++;
else j--;
}
}
1 2 3 9 11 20 || i=0 , j=5 sum=21 x=11
1 2 3 9 11 20 || i=0 , j=4 sum=13 x=11
1 2 3 9 11 20 || i=0 , j=4 sum=11 x=11
END
Solution 13 - Algorithm
The following code returns true if two integers in an array match a compared integer.
function compareArraySums(array, compare){
var candidates = [];
function compareAdditions(element, index, array){
if(element <= y){
candidates.push(element);
}
}
array.forEach(compareAdditions);
for(var i = 0; i < candidates.length; i++){
for(var j = 0; j < candidates.length; j++){
if (i + j === y){
return true;
}
}
}
}
Solution 14 - Algorithm
Python 2.7 Implementation:
= import itertools list = [1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,] uniquelist = set(list) targetsum = 5 for n in itertools.combinations(uniquelist, 2): if n[0] + n[1] == targetsum: print str(n[0]) + " + " + str(n[1])
Output:
- 1 + 4 2 + 3
Solution 15 - Algorithm
https://github.com/clockzhong/findSumPairNumber
#! /usr/bin/env python
import sys
import os
import re
#get the number list
numberListStr=raw_input("Please input your number list (seperated by spaces)...\n")
numberList=[int(i) for i in numberListStr.split()]
print 'you have input the following number list:'
print numberList
#get the sum target value
sumTargetStr=raw_input("Please input your target number:\n")
sumTarget=int(sumTargetStr)
print 'your target is: '
print sumTarget
def generatePairsWith2IndexLists(list1, list2):
result=[]
for item1 in list1:
for item2 in list2:
#result.append([item1, item2])
result.append([item1+1, item2+1])
#print result
return result
def generatePairsWithOneIndexLists(list1):
result=[]
index = 0
while index< (len(list1)-1):
index2=index+1
while index2 < len(list1):
#result.append([list1[index],list1[index2]])
result.append([list1[index]+1,list1[index2]+1])
index2+=1
index+=1
return result
def getPairs(numList, target):
pairList=[]
candidateSlots=[] ##we have (target-1) slots
#init the candidateSlots list
index=0
while index < target+1:
candidateSlots.append(None)
index+=1
#generate the candidateSlots, contribute O(n) complexity
index=0
while index<len(numList):
if numList[index]<=target and numList[index]>=0:
#print 'index:',index
#print 'numList[index]:',numList[index]
#print 'len(candidateSlots):',len(candidateSlots)
if candidateSlots[numList[index]]==None:
candidateSlots[numList[index]]=[index]
else:
candidateSlots[numList[index]].append(index)
index+=1
#print candidateSlots
#generate the pairs list based on the candidateSlots[] we just created
#contribute O(target) complexity
index=0
while index<=(target/2):
if candidateSlots[index]!=None and candidateSlots[target-index]!=None:
if index!=(target-index):
newPairList=generatePairsWith2IndexLists(candidateSlots[index], candidateSlots[target-index])
else:
newPairList=generatePairsWithOneIndexLists(candidateSlots[index])
pairList+=newPairList
index+=1
return pairList
print getPairs(numberList, sumTarget)
I've successfully implemented one solution with Python under O(n+m) time and space cost. The "m" means the target value which those two numbers' sum need equal to. I believe this is the lowest cost could get. Erict2k used itertools.combinations, it'll also cost similar or higher time&space cost comparing my algorithm.
Solution 16 - Algorithm
If numbers aren't very big, you can use fast fourier transform to multiply two polynomials and then in O(1) check if coefficient before x^(needed sum) sum is more than zero. O(n log n) total!
Solution 17 - Algorithm
// Java implementation using Hashing import java.io.*;
class PairSum { private static final int MAX = 100000; // Max size of Hashmap
static void printpairs(int arr[],int sum)
{
// Declares and initializes the whole array as false
boolean[] binmap = new boolean[MAX];
for (int i=0; i<arr.length; ++i)
{
int temp = sum-arr[i];
// checking for condition
if (temp>=0 && binmap[temp])
{
System.out.println("Pair with given sum " +
sum + " is (" + arr[i] +
", "+temp+")");
}
binmap[arr[i]] = true;
}
}
// Main to test the above function
public static void main (String[] args)
{
int A[] = {1, 4, 45, 6, 10, 8};
int n = 16;
printpairs(A, n);
}
}
Solution 18 - Algorithm
public static void Main(string[] args)
{
int[] myArray = {1,2,3,4,5,6,1,4,2,2,7 };
int Sum = 9;
for (int j = 1; j < myArray.Length; j++)
{
if (myArray[j-1]+myArray[j]==Sum)
{
Console.WriteLine("{0}, {1}",myArray[j-1],myArray[j]);
}
}
Console.ReadLine();
}