Escaping chars in Python and sqlite
PythonSqlitePython Problem Overview
I have a python script that reads raw movie text files into an sqlite database.
I use re.escape(title) to add escape chars into the strings to make them db safe before executing the inserts.
Why does this not work:
In [16]: c.execute("UPDATE movies SET rating = '8.7' WHERE name='\'Allo\ \'Allo\!\"\ \(1982\)'")
--------------------------------------------------------------------------- OperationalError Traceback (most recent call last)
/home/rajat/Dropbox/amdb/<ipython console> in <module>()
OperationalError: near "Allo": syntax error
Yet this works (removed ' in two places) :
In [17]: c.execute("UPDATE movies SET rating = '8.7' WHERE name='Allo\ Allo\!\"\ \(1982\)'") Out[17]: <sqlite3.Cursor object at 0x9666e90>
I can't figure it out. I also can't ditch those leading quotes because they're actually part of the movie title. Thank you.
Python Solutions
Solution 1 - Python
You're doing it wrong. Literally. You should be using parameters, like this:
c.execute("UPDATE movies SET rating = ? WHERE name = ?", (8.7, "'Allo 'Allo! (1982)"))
Like that, you won't need to do any quoting at all and (if those values are coming from anyone untrusted) you'll be 100% safe (here) from SQL injection attacks too.
Solution 2 - Python
> I use re.escape(title) to add escape > chars into the strings to make them db > safe
Note that re.escape makes a string re-safe -- nothing to do with making it db safe. Rather, as @Donal says, what you need is the parameter substitution concept of the Python DB API -- that makes things "db safe" as you need.
Solution 3 - Python
SQLite doesn't support backslash escape sequences. Apostrophes in string literals are indicated by doubling them: '''Allo ''Allo! (1982)'.
But, like Donal said, you should be using parameters.
Solution 4 - Python
I've one simple tip you could use to handle this problem: When your SQL statement string has single quote:', then you could use double quote to enclose your statement string. And when your SQL statement string has double quotes:", then you could use single quote:" to enclose your statement string. E.g.
sqlString="UPDATE movies SET rating = '8.7' WHERE name='Allo Allo !' (1982 )"
c.execute(sqlString)
Or,
sqlString='UPDATE movies SET rating = "8.7" WHERE name="Allo Allo !" (1982 )'
c.execute(sqlString)
This solution works for me in Python environment.