Escape a string in SQL Server so that it is safe to use in LIKE expression
Sql ServerTsqlStored ProceduresSql LikeSql Server Problem Overview
How do I escape a string in SQL Server's stored procedure so that it is safe to use in LIKE
expression.
Suppose I have an NVARCHAR
variable like so:
declare @myString NVARCHAR(100);
And I want to use it in a LIKE
expression:
... WHERE ... LIKE '%' + @myString + '%';
How do I escape the string (more specifically, characters that are meaningful to LIKE
pattern matching, e.g. %
or ?
) in T-SQL, so that it is safe to use in this manner?
For example, given:
@myString = 'aa%bb'
I want:
WHERE ... LIKE '%' + @somehowEscapedMyString + '%'
to match 'aa%bb'
, 'caa%bbc'
but not 'aaxbb'
or 'caaxbb'
.
Sql Server Solutions
Solution 1 - Sql Server
To escape special characters in a LIKE expression you prefix them with an escape character. You get to choose which escape char to use with the ESCAPE keyword. (MSDN Ref)
For example this escapes the % symbol, using \ as the escape char:
select * from table where myfield like '%15\% off%' ESCAPE '\'
If you don't know what characters will be in your string, and you don't want to treat them as wildcards, you can prefix all wildcard characters with an escape char, eg:
set @myString = replace(
replace(
replace(
replace( @myString
, '\', '\\' )
, '%', '\%' )
, '_', '\_' )
, '[', '\[' )
(Note that you have to escape your escape char too, and make sure that's the inner replace
so you don't escape the ones added from the other replace
statements). Then you can use something like this:
select * from table where myfield like '%' + @myString + '%' ESCAPE '\'
Also remember to allocate more space for your @myString variable as it will become longer with the string replacement.
Solution 2 - Sql Server
Had a similar problem (using NHibernate, so the ESCAPE keyword would have been very difficult) and solved it using the bracket characters. So your sample would become
WHERE ... LIKE '%aa[%]bb%'
If you need proof:
create table test (field nvarchar(100))
go
insert test values ('abcdef%hijklm')
insert test values ('abcdefghijklm')
go
select * from test where field like 'abcdef[%]hijklm'
go
Solution 3 - Sql Server
Rather than escaping all characters in a string that have particular significance in the pattern syntax given that you are using a leading wildcard in the pattern it is quicker and easier just to do.
SELECT *
FROM YourTable
WHERE CHARINDEX(@myString , YourColumn) > 0
In cases where you are not using a leading wildcard the approach above should be avoided however as it cannot use an index on YourColumn
.
Additionally in cases where the optimum execution plan will vary according to the number of matching rows the estimates may be better when using LIKE
with the square bracket escaping syntax when compared to both CHARINDEX
and the ESCAPE
keyword.
Solution 4 - Sql Server
You specify the escape character. Documentation here:
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms179859.aspx
Solution 5 - Sql Server
Do you want to look for strings that include an escape character? For instance you want this:
select * from table where myfield like '%10%%'.
Where you want to search for all fields with 10%? If that is the case then you may use the ESCAPE clause to specify an escape character and escape the wildcard character.
select * from table where myfield like '%10!%%' ESCAPE '!'
Solution 6 - Sql Server
Alternative escaping syntax:
> The JDBC driver supports the {escape 'escape character'} syntax for using LIKE clause wildcards as literals.
SELECT *
FROM tab
WHERE col LIKE 'a\_c' {escape '\'};