In Visual Studio 2012 Express Edition:

    Right-click on your project -&gt;
    Properties -&gt; 
    Configuration Properties -&gt;
    Linker -&gt;
    Advanced and changed &quot;Image Has Safe Exception Handlers&quot; to &quot;No (/SAFESEH:NO)&quot;

A picture is worth 0x3e8 words for the [`/SAFESEH:NO` linker setting][1]:

![enter image description here][2]

**Or** you can tell MASM to provide a guarantee that the object contains no exception handlers or that any exception handlers are defined with .SAFESEH, *if you know that to be correct for your assembly code*:

![enter image description here][3]

This will allow you to keep `/SAFESEH` enabled for the project&#39;s linking.  But is it correct?  You are making the guarantee! Be sure or use the first option.


  [1]: https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/9a89h429.aspx
  [2]: http://i.stack.imgur.com/ck1zo.png
  [3]: http://i.stack.imgur.com/8zKn3.png

    Try to disable SAFESEH.

From spec: /SAFESEH was specified, but a module was not compatible with the safe exception handling feature. 

Prompted by the discussion [here](https://stackoverflow.com/a/14721700/174728)

The [docs](http://docs.python.org/2/library/functions.html#all) suggest some equivalent code for the behaviour of [`all`](http://docs.python.org/2/library/functions.html#all) and [`any`](http://docs.python.org/2/library/functions.html#any)

Should the behaviour of the equivalent code be considered part of the definition, or can an implementation implement them in a non-shortcircuit manner?

Here is the relevant excerpt from cpython/Lib/test/test_builtin.py

    def test_all(self):
        self.assertEqual(all([2, 4, 6]), True)
        self.assertEqual(all([2, None, 6]), False)
        self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, all, [2, TestFailingBool(), 6])
        self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, all, TestFailingIter())
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, all, 10)               # Non-iterable
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, all)                   # No args
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, all, [2, 4, 6], [])    # Too many args
        self.assertEqual(all([]), True)                     # Empty iterator
        S = [50, 60]
        self.assertEqual(all(x &gt; 42 for x in S), True)
        S = [50, 40, 60]
        self.assertEqual(all(x &gt; 42 for x in S), False)

    def test_any(self):
        self.assertEqual(any([None, None, None]), False)
        self.assertEqual(any([None, 4, None]), True)
        self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, any, [None, TestFailingBool(), 6])
        self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, all, TestFailingIter())
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, any, 10)               # Non-iterable
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, any)                   # No args
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, any, [2, 4, 6], [])    # Too many args
        self.assertEqual(any([]), False)                    # Empty iterator
        S = [40, 60, 30]
        self.assertEqual(any(x &gt; 42 for x in S), True)
        S = [10, 20, 30]
        self.assertEqual(any(x &gt; 42 for x in S), False)

It doesn&#39;t do anything to enforce the shortcircuit behaviour

Is the shortcircuit behaviour of Python&#39;s any/all explicit?

I have recently started programming in C, coming from Java and Python. Now, in my book I have noticed that to make a &quot;Hello World&quot; program, the syntax is something like this:

    char message[10]
    strcpy(message, &quot;Hello, world!&quot;)
    printf(&quot;%s\n&quot;, message);

Now, this example is using a char array and I wondered - what happened to strings? Why can&#39;t I simply use one of those? Maybe there is a different way to do this?

Does C have a string type?

I got this error when building a sample visual C++ project.
First I downloaded 3 sample projects, all solve the same problem, print out all the prime numbers less than N (you may know these sample projects ?). I built the pure-C project without any problem. But when I tried to build the assembly-based project one, I got this error.

Thank you.

Error lnk2026: module unsafe for safeseh image

<p>I got this error when building a sample visual C++ project.
First I downloaded 3 sample projects, all solve the same problem, print out all the prime numbers less than N (you may know these sample projects ?). I built the pure-C project without any problem. But when I tried to build the assembly-based project one, I got this error.</p>
<p>Thank you.</p>


After a typo, the following expression (simplified) compiled and executed:

	if((1 == 2) || 0 (-4 &gt; 2))
	  printf(&quot;Hello&quot;);

of course, the 0 shouldn&#39;t be there.

Why does it compile, and what does the expression mean?

The original (simplified) should look like this:

	if((1 == 2) || (-4 &gt; 2))
	  printf(&quot;Hello&quot;);

none of this does compile:

	if((1 == 2) || true (-4 &gt; 2))
	  printf(&quot;Hello&quot;);

	if((1 == 2) || 1 (-4 &gt; 2))
	  printf(&quot;Hello&quot;);

	if((1 == 2) || null (-4 &gt; 2))
	  printf(&quot;Hello&quot;);



What does this expression mean, and why does it compile?

I was converting my projects from VS2010 to VS2012.But I am getting an _MSC_VER linker error in certain projects. After a long surfing through google I found out that the issue is due to linking of a library created in VS2010 to VS2012.

How can I find out that which projectis causing the error?
Here I am quoting the error:

    Error	6	error LNK2038: mismatch detected for &#39;_MSC_VER&#39;: value &#39;1600&#39; doesn&#39;t match value &#39;1700&#39; in CppFile1.obj	  D:\ProjectLocation\Projectname1.lib(CppFile2.obj)	Projectname2
    Error	15	error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol &quot;private: static void __cdecl std::locale::facet::_Facet_Register(class std::locale::facet *)&quot; (?_Facet_Register@facet@locale@std@@CAXPAV123@@Z)	D:\ProjectLocation\Projectname1.lib(CppFile3.obj)	Projectname2
    Error	13	error LNK2038: mismatch detected for &#39;_MSC_VER&#39;: value &#39;1600&#39; doesn&#39;t match value &#39;1700&#39; in CppFile1.obj	D:\ProjectLocation\Projectname1.lib(CppFile4.obj)	Projectname2
    Error	12	error LNK2038: mismatch detected for &#39;_MSC_VER&#39;: value &#39;1600&#39; doesn&#39;t match value &#39;1700&#39; in CppFile1.obj	D:\ProjectLocation\Projectname1.lib(CppFile5.obj)	Projectname2
    Error	10	error LNK2038: mismatch detected for &#39;_MSC_VER&#39;: value &#39;1600&#39; doesn&#39;t match value &#39;1700&#39; in CppFile1.obj	D:\ProjectLocation\Projectname1.lib(CppFile6.obj)	Projectname2
    Error	11	error LNK2038: mismatch detected for &#39;_MSC_VER&#39;: value &#39;1600&#39; doesn&#39;t match value &#39;1700&#39; in CppFile1.obj	D:\ProjectLocation\Projectname1.lib(CppFile7.obj)	Projectname2
    Error	9	error LNK2038: mismatch detected for &#39;_MSC_VER&#39;: value &#39;1600&#39; doesn&#39;t match value &#39;1700&#39; in CppFile1.obj	D:\ProjectLocation\Projectname1.lib(CppFile8.obj)	Projectname2
    Error	4	error LNK2038: mismatch detected for &#39;_MSC_VER&#39;: value &#39;1600&#39; doesn&#39;t match value &#39;1700&#39; in CppFile1.obj	   D:\ProjectLocation\Projectname1.lib(CppFile9.obj)	Projectname2
    Error	14	error LNK2038: mismatch detected for &#39;_MSC_VER&#39;: value &#39;1600&#39; doesn&#39;t match value &#39;1700&#39; in CppFile1.obj	D:\ProjectLocation\Projectname1.lib(CppFile10.obj)	Projectname2
    Error	7	error LNK2038: mismatch detected for &#39;_MSC_VER&#39;: value &#39;1600&#39; doesn&#39;t match value &#39;1700&#39; in CppFile1.obj	D:\ProjectLocation\Projectname1.lib(CppFile11.obj)	Projectname2
    Error	8	error LNK2038: mismatch detected for &#39;_MSC_VER&#39;: value &#39;1600&#39; doesn&#39;t match value &#39;1700&#39; in CppFile1.obj	D:\ProjectLocation\Projectname1.lib(CppFile12.obj)	Projectname2
    Error	5	error LNK2038: mismatch detected for &#39;_MSC_VER&#39;: value &#39;1600&#39; doesn&#39;t match value &#39;1700&#39; in CppFile1.obj	D:\ProjectLocation\Projectname1.lib(CppFile13.obj)	Projectname2


error LNK2038: mismatch detected for &#39;_MSC_VER&#39;: value &#39;1600&#39; doesn&#39;t match value &#39;1700&#39; in CppFile1.obj

I am having trouble getting LibCurl to work with Visual Studio 2013. I downloaded the current version (curl-7.33.0) and tried following the instructions I found on this site: [Using LibCurl with Visual 2010][1]

But I can&#39;t find **curllib.lib** in the folder I downloaded. And I am still getting errors:
![enter image description here][2]


After searching the internet for more help. I now get these error messages. There appears to be a problem with linking to libcurl.lib? 

![enter image description here][3]


This is what I have configured:
![enter image description here][4]

______
![enter image description here][5]

Inside /lib I have **libcurl.lib** and **libcurl.dll**

-------

**UPDATE**

I downloaded this release for Win32 MSVC: http://curl.haxx.se/download.html#Win32
After adding the libcurl libraries and successfully compiling, I am now getting this error message:

  

     The application was unable to start correctly (0xc000007b). Click OK to close the application.

 
Here is the sample code I am trying to run:

    #include &lt;iostream&gt;
    #include &lt;stdio.h&gt; 
    #include &lt;curl/curl.h&gt; 
    
    
    int main(void)
    {
    	CURL *curl;
    	CURLcode res;
    
    	curl = curl_easy_init();
    	if (curl) {
    		curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_URL, &quot;http://google.com&quot;);
    		res = curl_easy_perform(curl);
    
    		/* always cleanup */
    		curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
    	}
    	return 0;
    }


--------

**FINAL UPDATE**

I believe I have gotten LibCurl to work with Visual Studio 2013 now. Persistence ftw! 
Although, after spending hours trying to solve these error messages, I am a little hesitant at saying everything is working fine now. That is why I am putting a bounty on this question to get *clear and concise* instructions on getting LibCurl to work with Visual Studio 2013. 

This is what I did to get it to work:

1. First, download the Win32 MSVC package here: http://curl.haxx.se/download.html#Win32
For these instructions sake, let&#39;s say you downloaded to C:\LibCurl

2. Start a new project in Visual Studio. Go to Project|Project Properties|VC++ Directories|Include Directories| 
Add the path to the include directory inside the downloaded package. (C:\LibCurl\include)

3. Next, go to Project|Project Properties|Linker|General|Additional Library Directories|
Add the path to the lib directory. (Where curllib.dll is located)

4. Then, go to Project|Project Properties|Linker|Input|Additional Dependencies|
And add **curllib.lib**

5. Now if you compile a test program, you will likely get the message saying libsasl.dll is missing. You will need to download this file and put it in the same directory as your build. 
I used 7-Zip to extract **libsasl.dll** from **OpenLDAP for Windows**. [OpenLDAP for Windows][6]


This is the result of my test code from above:
![enter image description here][7]


  [1]: http://quantcorner.wordpress.com/2012/04/08/using-libcurl-with-visual-c-2010/
  [2]: http://i.stack.imgur.com/QjfdD.png
  [3]: http://i.stack.imgur.com/MoWfA.png
  [4]: http://i.stack.imgur.com/o7nXr.png
  [5]: http://i.stack.imgur.com/xjpk3.png
  [6]: http://www.userbooster.de/en/download/openldap-for-windows.aspx
  [7]: http://i.stack.imgur.com/B3t3v.png

Getting LibCurl to work with Visual Studio 2013

I have defined a class myComplex. I need to map it to integers. In C++ I would have created a map as 
`map&lt;myComplex,int&gt;` first;

How to do such thing in C#?

What is C# equivalent of &lt;map&gt; in C++?

As per the title. I don&#39;t want to download the entire Visual C++ installer, only &quot;cl.exe&quot; and the other programs required for compiling and linking C++ programs on Windows.

Can I download the Visual C++ Command Line Compiler without Visual Studio?

Does anyone know of any comprehensive documentation for `sun.misc.Unsafe`?

I&#39;m looking for documentation on `Unsafe.putOrderedInt()`. [This][1] was all I was able to find.

```none
public native  void putOrderedInt(Object o,
    long offset,
    int x)

     Ordered/Lazy version of #putIntVolatile(Object, long, int) 
```

Does anyone know of a better source?

[1]: http://www.docjar.com/docs/api/sun/misc/Unsafe.html#putOrderedInt(Object,%20long,%20int)

Where is sun.misc.Unsafe documented?

Question
========

I&#39;m porting a C application into C#. The C app calls lots of functions from a 3rd-party DLL, so I wrote P/Invoke wrappers for these functions in C#. Some of these C functions allocate data which I have to use in the C# app, so I used `IntPtr`&#39;s, [`Marshal.PtrToStructure`][1] and [`Marshal.Copy`][2] to copy the native data (arrays and structures) into managed variables. 

Unfortunately, the C# app proved to be much slower than the C version. A quick performance analysis showed that the above mentioned marshaling-based data copying is the bottleneck. **I&#39;m considering to speed up the C# code by rewriting it to use pointers instead.** Since I don&#39;t have experience with unsafe code and pointers in C#, I need expert opinion regarding the following **questions**:

1. What are the drawbacks of using `unsafe` code and pointers instead of `IntPtr` and `Marshal`ing? For example, is it more unsafe (pun intended) in any way? People seem to prefer marshaling, but I don&#39;t know why.
2. Is using pointers for P/Invoking really faster than using marshaling? How much speedup can be expected approximately? I couldn&#39;t find any benchmark tests for this.

Example code
============

To make the situation more clear, I hacked together a small example code (the real code is much more complex). I hope this example shows what I mean when I&#39;m talking about &quot;unsafe code and pointers&quot; vs. &quot;IntPtr and Marshal&quot;.

C library (DLL)
---------------

MyLib.h

    #ifndef _MY_LIB_H_
    #define _MY_LIB_H_
    
    struct MyData 
    {
      int length;
      unsigned char* bytes;
    };
    
    __declspec(dllexport) void CreateMyData(struct MyData** myData, int length);
    __declspec(dllexport) void DestroyMyData(struct MyData* myData);
    
    #endif // _MY_LIB_H_

MyLib.c

    #include &lt;stdlib.h&gt;
    #include &quot;MyLib.h&quot;
    
    void CreateMyData(struct MyData** myData, int length)
    {
      int i;
    
      *myData = (struct MyData*)malloc(sizeof(struct MyData));
      if (*myData != NULL)
      {
        (*myData)-&gt;length = length;
        (*myData)-&gt;bytes = (unsigned char*)malloc(length * sizeof(char));
        if ((*myData)-&gt;bytes != NULL)
          for (i = 0; i &lt; length; ++i)
            (*myData)-&gt;bytes[i] = (unsigned char)(i % 256);
      }
    }
    
    void DestroyMyData(struct MyData* myData)
    {
      if (myData != NULL)
      {
        if (myData-&gt;bytes != NULL)
          free(myData-&gt;bytes);
        free(myData);
      }
    }

C application
-------------

Main.c

    #include &lt;stdio.h&gt;
    #include &quot;MyLib.h&quot;
    
    void main()
    {
      struct MyData* myData = NULL;
      int length = 100 * 1024 * 1024;
    
      printf(&quot;=== C++ test ===\n&quot;);
      CreateMyData(&amp;myData, length);
      if (myData != NULL)
      {
        printf(&quot;Length: %d\n&quot;, myData-&gt;length);
        if (myData-&gt;bytes != NULL)
          printf(&quot;First: %d, last: %d\n&quot;, myData-&gt;bytes[0], myData-&gt;bytes[myData-&gt;length - 1]);
        else
          printf(&quot;myData-&gt;bytes is NULL&quot;);
      }
      else
        printf(&quot;myData is NULL\n&quot;);
      DestroyMyData(myData);
      getchar();
    }

C# application, which uses `IntPtr` and `Marshal`
-------------------------------------------------

Program.cs

    using System;
    using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
    
    public static class Program
    {
      [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
      private struct MyData
      {
        public int Length;
        public IntPtr Bytes;
      }
    
      [DllImport(&quot;MyLib.dll&quot;)]
      private static extern void CreateMyData(out IntPtr myData, int length);
    
      [DllImport(&quot;MyLib.dll&quot;)]
      private static extern void DestroyMyData(IntPtr myData);
    
      public static void Main()
      {
        Console.WriteLine(&quot;=== C# test, using IntPtr and Marshal ===&quot;);
        int length = 100 * 1024 * 1024;
        IntPtr myData1;
        CreateMyData(out myData1, length);
        if (myData1 != IntPtr.Zero)
        {
          MyData myData2 = (MyData)Marshal.PtrToStructure(myData1, typeof(MyData));
          Console.WriteLine(&quot;Length: {0}&quot;, myData2.Length);
          if (myData2.Bytes != IntPtr.Zero)
          {
            byte[] bytes = new byte[myData2.Length];
            Marshal.Copy(myData2.Bytes, bytes, 0, myData2.Length);
            Console.WriteLine(&quot;First: {0}, last: {1}&quot;, bytes[0], bytes[myData2.Length - 1]);
          }
          else
            Console.WriteLine(&quot;myData.Bytes is IntPtr.Zero&quot;);
        }
        else
          Console.WriteLine(&quot;myData is IntPtr.Zero&quot;);
        DestroyMyData(myData1);
        Console.ReadKey(true);
      }
    }

C# application, which uses `unsafe` code and pointers
-----------------------------------------------------

Program.cs

    using System;
    using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
    
    public static class Program
    {
      [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
      private unsafe struct MyData
      {
        public int Length;
        public byte* Bytes;
      }
    
      [DllImport(&quot;MyLib.dll&quot;)]
      private unsafe static extern void CreateMyData(out MyData* myData, int length);
    
      [DllImport(&quot;MyLib.dll&quot;)]
      private unsafe static extern void DestroyMyData(MyData* myData);
    
      public unsafe static void Main()
      {
        Console.WriteLine(&quot;=== C# test, using unsafe code ===&quot;);
        int length = 100 * 1024 * 1024;
        MyData* myData;
        CreateMyData(out myData, length);
        if (myData != null)
        {
          Console.WriteLine(&quot;Length: {0}&quot;, myData-&gt;Length);
          if (myData-&gt;Bytes != null)
            Console.WriteLine(&quot;First: {0}, last: {1}&quot;, myData-&gt;Bytes[0], myData-&gt;Bytes[myData-&gt;Length - 1]);
          else
            Console.WriteLine(&quot;myData.Bytes is null&quot;);
        }
        else
          Console.WriteLine(&quot;myData is null&quot;);
        DestroyMyData(myData);
        Console.ReadKey(true);
      }
    }


  [1]: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.runtime.interopservices.marshal.ptrtostructure.aspx
  [2]: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.runtime.interopservices.marshal.copy.aspx







C# performance - Using unsafe pointers instead of IntPtr and Marshal

In Java 8 three memory barrier instructions were added to `Unsafe` class ([source][1]):

    /**
     * Ensures lack of reordering of loads before the fence
     * with loads or stores after the fence.
     */
    void loadFence();

    /**
     * Ensures lack of reordering of stores before the fence
     * with loads or stores after the fence.
     */
    void storeFence();

    /**
     * Ensures lack of reordering of loads or stores before the fence
     * with loads or stores after the fence.
     */
    void fullFence();

If we define memory barrier with the following way (which I consider more or less easy to understand):

&gt; Consider X and Y to be operation types/classes that are subject for reordering,
&gt;
&gt; **`X_YFence()` is a memory barrier instruction that ensures that all operations of type X before the barrier completed before any operation of type Y after the barrier is started.**

We can now &quot;map&quot; barrier names from `Unsafe` to this terminology:

* `loadFence()` becomes `load_loadstoreFence()`;
* `storeFence()` becomes `store_loadStoreFence()`;
* `fullFence()` becomes `loadstore_loadstoreFence()`;

Finally, **my question is** - why don&#39;t we have `load_storeFence()`, `store_loadFence()`, `store_storeFence()` and `load_loadFence()`?

My guess would be - they are not really neccesary, but I do not understand why at the moment. So, I&#39;d like to know reasons for not adding them. Guesses about that are welcome too (hope this doesn&#39;t cause this question to be offtopic as opinion-based, though).

Thanks in advance.

  [1]: http://openjdk.java.net/jeps/171

Java 8 Unsafe: xxxFence() instructions

I never needed to use unsafe in the past, but now I need it to work with a pointer manipulating a bitmap.

I couldn&#39;t find any documentation that indicates otherwise, but I would like to understand better how unsafe works and if it makes any difference to use it inside or outside a loop.

Is it better to do:

    unsafe
    {
    	for (int x = 0; x &lt; maxX; x++)
    	{
    		for (int y = 0; y &lt; maxY; y++)
    		{			
    			//Unsafe pointer operations here.
    		}
    	}
    }

Or to do?:
	

    for (int x = 0; x &lt; maxX; x++)
    {
    	for (int y = 0; y &lt; maxY; y++)
    	{	
    		unsafe
    		{		
    			//Unsafe pointer operations here.
    		}
    	}
    }

Does it make any difference to use unsafe inside or outside a loop?

What is the implementation for this function:

    fn unbox&lt;T&gt;(value: Box&lt;T&gt;) -&gt; T {
        // ???
    }

The only function in the documentation that looks like what I want is `Box::into_raw`. The following will type check:

    fn unbox&lt;T&gt;(value: Box&lt;T&gt;) -&gt; T {
        *value.into_raw()
    }

This gives the error `error[E0133]: dereference of raw pointer requires unsafe function or block`. Wrapping it in an `unsafe { ... }` block fixes it.

    fn unbox&lt;T&gt;(value: Box&lt;T&gt;) -&gt; T {
        unsafe { *value.into_raw() }
    }

Is this the correct implementation? If so, why is it unsafe? What does it mean?

Perhaps this question shows my general uncertainty of how `Box`s actually work.

Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	Hoai Dam	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - Visual C++	kungfooman	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 2 - Visual C++	chappjc	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 3 - Visual C++	Leo Chapiro	View Answer on Stackoverflow

Error lnk2026: module unsafe for safeseh image

Visual C++ Problem Overview

Visual C++ Solutions

Solution 1 - Visual C++

Solution 2 - Visual C++

Solution 3 - Visual C++

Does C have a string type?

Is the shortcircuit behaviour of Python's any/all explicit?

Attributions