I&#39;m pretty sure &quot;-&quot; is the standard. If you see &quot;_&quot; somewhere it&#39;s probably something some people came up with to make it a valid identifier.

Personally I&#39;d go with &quot;-&quot;, just to be correct.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IETF_language_tag

https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc5646

If you&#39;re working with Java, you might as well use the [Java locale format][1] (`en_US`).

The [BCP 47][2] documents actually do specify the `en-US` format, and it&#39;s just as common if not more common than Java-style locale names.  But in practice you&#39;ll see the form with the underbar quite a bit.  For example, both [Java][3] and [most POSIX-type platforms][4] use the underbar for their language/region separator.

So you can&#39;t go far wrong with either choice.  But given that you&#39;re writing in Java and probably targeting a Unix platform, **`en_US`** is probably the way to go.


  [1]: http://download.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/util/Locale.html#toString()
  [2]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BCP_47
  [3]: http://java.sun.com/developer/technicalArticles/J2SE/locale/
  [4]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locale_(computer_software)#POSIX_platforms

In Java 7, there is a new method `Locale.forLanguageTag(String)`, which assumes the hyphen as a separator. I&#39;d consider that as normative.

Check the documentation of [Locale][1] for more information.


  [1]: http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/util/Locale.html#forLanguageTag(java.lang.String)

en_US. [This][1] is a very useful read.


  [1]: http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/util/Locale.html

I don&#39;t think `en-US` is a standard at all for Java.  (If you see it somewhere could you add a link).

So just use `en_US`.

In the context of ORM / Lazy loading of entities, my understanding of the term &quot;Hydration&quot; is as follows:

&quot;Hydrating&quot; describes the process of populating some or all of the previously unpopulated attributes of an entity fetched using lazy loading.

Eg:  class `Author` is loaded from the database:

    @Entity
    class Author
    {
         @Id
         long id;
         List&lt;Book&gt; books;
    }

Initially, the `books` collection is not populated.

It is my understanding that the process of loading the `books` collection from the database is referred to as &quot;Hydrating&quot; the collection.



Is this definition correct, and is the term common place?  Is there another more common term I should be using for this process?





Clarifying terminology - What does &quot;hydrating&quot; a JPA or Hibernate entity mean when fetching the entity from the DB

I have the javascript validation working good for my own code. I want to keep the validation. But when it comes to open source library, like jquery for example, the validation creates warnings.

**I don&#39;t want warnings over a downloaded library. But I want to keep warnings for my code.**

I know you can exclude files from validation in the &quot;*Preferences &gt; Validation*&quot; window, but **the javascript validation is not there** ! I&#39;ve looked each validator, the javascript validator is not there.

So how can I exclude specific files from the validation ?

Here is the list of validators I have :
[Screenshot][1]

  [1]: http://i.stack.imgur.com/saRFE.png


Thanks !

PS : I use Eclipse PDT.!

How to exclude a Javascript file from Javascript Validation in Eclipse

Assume you want to store the locale of user preference in database, which value you will use?

en_US or en-US

They are two standards, but which one you prefer to use as part of your own application?

**Updated**: Is seems many web sites use dash instead of underscore, e.g.

http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw
http://www.google.com.hk/search?hl=zh-TW


en_US or en-US, which one should you use?

Assume you want to store the locale of user preference in database, which value you will use?
en_US or en-US
They are two standards, but which one you prefer to use as part of your own application?
Updated: Is seems many web sites use dash instead of underscore, e.g.
<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw</a>
<a href="http://www.google.com.hk/search?hl=zh-TW" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">http://www.google.com.hk/search?hl=zh-TW</a>

In Java how can I add one month to the current date?



How do I add one month to current date in Java?

Why invoke the method `Thread.currentThread.interrupt()` in the catch block?

Why invoke Thread.currentThread.interrupt() in a catch InterruptException block?

Target: Android &gt;= 1.6 on a pure Canvas.

Suppose I want to write a function that will draw a (width, height) large red rectangle and then draw a black *Hello World* text inside. I want the text to be visually in the center of the rectangle. So let&#39;s try:

    void drawHelloRectangle(Canvas c, int topLeftX, 
            int topLeftY, int width, int height) {
        Paint mPaint = new Paint();
        // height of &#39;Hello World&#39;; height*0.7 looks good
        int fontHeight = (int)(height*0.7);
    
        mPaint.setColor(COLOR_RED);
        mPaint.setStyle(Style.FILL);
        c.drawRect( topLeftX, topLeftY, topLeftX+width, topLeftY+height, mPaint);
    
        mPaint.setTextSize(fontHeight);
        mPaint.setColor(COLOR_BLACK);
        mPaint.setTextAlign(Align.CENTER);
        c.drawText( &quot;Hello World&quot;, topLeftX+width/2, ????, mPaint);
    }
   
Now I don&#39;t know what to put in drawText&#39;s argument marked by `????`, i.e. I don&#39;t know how to vertically align the text. 

Something like

&gt; ???? = topLeftY + height/2 +
&gt; fontHeight/2 - fontHeight/8;

appears to work more or less ok, but there must be a better way.

How to align text vertically?

I just found CompletionService in [this blog post][1]. However, this does&#39;t really showcases the advantages of CompletionService over a standard ExecutorService. The same code can be written with either. So, when is a CompletionService useful?

Can you give a short code sample to make it crystal clear? For example, this code sample just shows where a CompletionService is not needed (=equivalent to ExecutorService)


        ExecutorService taskExecutor = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
        //        CompletionService&lt;Long&gt; taskCompletionService =
        //                new ExecutorCompletionService&lt;Long&gt;(taskExecutor);
        Callable&lt;Long&gt; callable = new Callable&lt;Long&gt;() {
            @Override
            public Long call() throws Exception {
                return 1L;
            }
        };

        Future&lt;Long&gt; future = // taskCompletionService.submit(callable);
            taskExecutor.submit(callable);

        while (!future.isDone()) {
            // Do some work...
            System.out.println(&quot;Working on something...&quot;);
        }
        try {
            System.out.println(future.get());
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (ExecutionException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }


  [1]: http://www.chrisellsworth.com/blogs/devblog/archive/2006/10/31/Java-Concurrency-API-Example.aspx

When should I use a CompletionService over an ExecutorService?

I&#39;m working on a high-performance Android application (a game), and though I try to code for readability first, I like to keep in the back of my mind a picture of what is happening under the hood. With C++, I&#39;ve developed a fairly good intuition about what the compiler will and won&#39;t do for me. I&#39;m trying to do the same for Java/Android.

Hence this question. I could find very little about this topic on the web. Will the Java compiler, Dalvik converter (dx) and/or JITter (on Android 2.2+) perform optimizations like the following?

* Method inlining. Under what conditions? `private` methods can always safely be inlined; will this be done? How about `public final` methods? Methods on objects of other classes? `static` methods? What if the runtime type of the object can easily be deduced by the compiler? Should I declare methods as `final` or `static` wherever possible?

* Common subexpression elimination. For example, if I access `someObject.someField` twice, will the lookup be done only once? What if it&#39;s a call to a getter? What if I use some arithmetic expression twice; will it be evaluated only once? What if I use the result of some expression, whose value I know not to change, as the upper bound of a `for` loop?

* Bounds checking on array lookups. Will the toolchain eliminate this in certain conditions, like the archetypical `for` loop?

* Value inlining. Will accesses to some `public static final int` always be inlined? Even if they&#39;re in another class? Even if they&#39;re in another package?

* Branch prediction. How big an issue is this even? Is branching a large performance hit on a typical Android device?

* Simple arithmetic. Will `someInt * 2` be replaced by `someInt &lt;&lt; 1`?

Etcetera...

What optimizations can I expect from Dalvik and the Android toolchain?

I want to find out the currency locale on user&#39;s iphone programmatically. That means, if user is in US Store, the currency locale should be USD, for Australia, it should be AUD. My purpose of this task is to try to convert the item price listed on our app to be nearly match with the price that AppStore ask. 

For example, if we sell a video 3 usd, and an Australian wants to buy it, then I should show 2.8 AUD in my app screen. It will reduce the calculation in the user over the real price in his country. Does anybody know how to do it?

Find locale currency for iphone programmatically

I just updated to Xcode 4.

Normally when localizing apps we add &quot;Localizable.String&quot; file to the project, and then navigate to &quot;Get Info&quot; menu and click the &quot;Make It Localized&quot; button.

However, in Xcode 4, there is no &quot;Get Info&quot; menu.

When I try to add a language it only effects the &quot;InfoPlist.String&quot; file (which can only localize the app&#39;s name).

How may I add localization to my app in Xcode 4?

Localizing in Xcode 4 with Localizable.String

I have several html files in assets folder. How can I localize them? Is my only option to put some hardcode to pick the right file based on locale?

localization of assets files

How do I define localised strings in Xcode 4?

I assumed I could just add languages to InfoPlist.strings using the &quot;Localization&quot; property (File inspector, right panel).

...and then type in the &quot;key&quot; = &quot;value&quot;s in each localised version.

But I can&#39;t build the project.  I get this error:

&gt;Copy .strings file Error Validation failed: The data couldn&#39;t be read because it has been corrupted.

Converting the text encoding to UTF 16 doesn&#39;t fix the problem.  Neither does quitting Xcode and starting it again.

Q1: How do I remedy these build errors?


By some fluke, I did once manage to get a test app to run adding a InfoPlist.strings (French) and (English).  I didn&#39;t get the error on the French strings file, but I did with the English.  So I left the English one alone, and just put a parameter in the French one.  However, in the simulator, set to French - the parameter wasn&#39;t picked up.  It reverted to the default specified in NSLocalizedString()

Q2: How do I get it working even if the build errors are remedied?


Localised Strings Xcode 4 ... Copy .strings file Error Validation failed

I&#39;m reading in date strings that could be with or without a time zone adjustment: `yyyyMMddHHmmssz` or `yyyyMMddHHmmss`.  When a string is missing a zone, I&#39;ll treat it as GMT.  I&#39;m not seeing any way to create optional sections in a `SimpleDateFormat`, but maybe I&#39;m missing something.  Is there a way to do this with a `SimpleDateFormat`, or should I just write a new concrete `DateFormat` to handle this?

Optional parts in SimpleDateFormat

My app supports 3 (soon 4) languages. Since several locales are quite similar I&#39;d like to give the user the option to change locale in my application, for instance an Italian person might prefer Spanish over English.

Is there a way for the user to select among the locales that are available for the application and then change what locale is used? I don&#39;t see it as a problem to set locale for each Activity since it is a simple task to perform in a base class.


Set Locale programmatically

I have a question about formatting the Rupee currency (Indian Rupee - INR).

Typically a value like `450500` is formatted and shown as `450,500`. In India, the same value is displayed as `4,50,500`

For example, numbers here are represented as:

    1
    10
    100
    1,000
    10,000
    1,00,000
    10,00,000
    1,00,00,000
    10,00,00,000

Refer [Indian Numbering System][1]

The separators are after two digits, except for the last set, which is in thousands.

I&#39;ve searched on the internet and people have asked to use the locale `en_GB` or pattern `#,##,##,##,##0.00`

I tried this on JSTL by using the following tag:

    &lt;fmt:formatNumber value=&quot;${product.price}&quot; type=&quot;currency&quot; 
      pattern=&quot;#,##,##,##,###.00&quot;/&gt;

But this does not seem to solve the issue.

  [1]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_numbering_system

Displaying Currency in Indian Numbering Format

How do I format `1000000` to `1.000.000` in Python? where the &#39;.&#39; is the decimal-mark thousands separator.


Add &#39;decimal-mark&#39; thousands separators to a number

It seems that `NSDateFormatter` has a &quot;feature&quot; that bites you unexpectedly:  If you do a simple &quot;fixed&quot; format operation such as:

    NSDateFormatter* fmt = [[NSDateFormatter alloc] init];
    [fmt setDateFormat:@&quot;yyyyMMddHHmmss&quot;];
    NSString* dateStr = [fmt stringFromDate:someDate];
    [fmt release];

Then it works fine in the US and most locales UNTIL ... someone with their phone set to a 24-hour region sets the 12/24 hour switch in settings to 12.  Then the above starts tacking &quot;AM&quot; or &quot;PM&quot; onto the end of the resulting string.

(See, eg, https://stackoverflow.com/questions/143075/nsdateformatter-am-i-doing-something-wrong-or-is-this-a-bug)

(And see https://developer.apple.com/library/content/qa/qa1480/_index.html)

Apparently Apple has declared this to be &quot;BAD&quot; -- Broken As Designed, and they aren&#39;t going to fix it.

The circumvention is apparently to set the locale of the date formatter for a specific region, generally the US, but this is a bit messy:

    NSLocale *loc = [[NSLocale alloc] initWithLocaleIdentifier:@&quot;en_US&quot;];
    [df setLocale: loc];
    [loc release];

Not too bad in onsies-twosies, but I&#39;m dealing with about ten different apps, and the first one I look at has 43 instances of this scenario.

So any clever ideas for a macro/overridden class/whatever to minimize the effort to change everything, without making the code to obscure?  (My first instinct is to override NSDateFormatter with a version that would set the locale in the init method.  Requires changing two lines -- the alloc/init line and the added import.)

##Added

This is what I&#39;ve come up with so far -- seems to work in all scenarios:


    @implementation BNSDateFormatter

    -(id)init {
	static NSLocale* en_US_POSIX = nil;
	NSDateFormatter* me = [super init];
	if (en_US_POSIX == nil) {
		en_US_POSIX = [[NSLocale alloc] initWithLocaleIdentifier:@&quot;en_US_POSIX&quot;];
	}
	[me setLocale:en_US_POSIX];
	return me;
    }

    @end

##Bounty!
I&#39;ll award the bounty to the best (legitimate) suggestion/critique I see by mid-day Tuesday. [See below -- deadline extended.]

##Update
Re OMZ&#39;s proposal, here is what I&#39;m finding --

Here is the category version -- h file:


    #import &lt;Foundation/Foundation.h&gt;


    @interface NSDateFormatter (Locale)
    - (id)initWithSafeLocale;
    @end

Category m file:


    #import &quot;NSDateFormatter+Locale.h&quot;


    @implementation NSDateFormatter (Locale)

    - (id)initWithSafeLocale {
	static NSLocale* en_US_POSIX = nil;
	self = [super init];
	if (en_US_POSIX == nil) {
		en_US_POSIX = [[NSLocale alloc] initWithLocaleIdentifier:@&quot;en_US_POSIX&quot;];
	}
	NSLog(@&quot;Category&#39;s locale: %@ %@&quot;, en_US_POSIX.description, [en_US_POSIX localeIdentifier]);
	[self setLocale:en_US_POSIX];
	return self;	
    }

    @end

The code:

	
	NSDateFormatter* fmt;
	NSString* dateString;
	NSDate* date1;
	NSDate* date2;
	NSDate* date3;
	NSDate* date4;
	
	fmt = [[NSDateFormatter alloc] initWithSafeLocale];
	[fmt setDateFormat:@&quot;yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss&quot;];
	dateString = [fmt stringFromDate:[NSDate date]];
	NSLog(@&quot;dateString = %@&quot;, dateString);
	date1 = [fmt dateFromString:@&quot;2001-05-05 12:34:56&quot;];
	NSLog(@&quot;date1 = %@&quot;, date1.description);
	date2 = [fmt dateFromString:@&quot;2001-05-05 22:34:56&quot;];
	NSLog(@&quot;date2 = %@&quot;, date2.description);
	date3 = [fmt dateFromString:@&quot;2001-05-05 12:34:56PM&quot;];	
	NSLog(@&quot;date3 = %@&quot;, date3.description);
	date4 = [fmt dateFromString:@&quot;2001-05-05 12:34:56 PM&quot;];	
	NSLog(@&quot;date4 = %@&quot;, date4.description);
	[fmt release];
	
	fmt = [[BNSDateFormatter alloc] init];
	[fmt setDateFormat:@&quot;yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss&quot;];
	dateString = [fmt stringFromDate:[NSDate date]];
	NSLog(@&quot;dateString = %@&quot;, dateString);
	date1 = [fmt dateFromString:@&quot;2001-05-05 12:34:56&quot;];
	NSLog(@&quot;date1 = %@&quot;, date1.description);
	date2 = [fmt dateFromString:@&quot;2001-05-05 22:34:56&quot;];
	NSLog(@&quot;date2 = %@&quot;, date2.description);
	date3 = [fmt dateFromString:@&quot;2001-05-05 12:34:56PM&quot;];	
	NSLog(@&quot;date3 = %@&quot;, date3.description);
	date4 = [fmt dateFromString:@&quot;2001-05-05 12:34:56 PM&quot;];	
	NSLog(@&quot;date4 = %@&quot;, date4.description);
	[fmt release];

The result:


    2011-07-11 17:44:43.243 DemoApp[160:307] Category&#39;s locale: &lt;__NSCFLocale: 0x11a820&gt; en_US_POSIX
    2011-07-11 17:44:43.257 DemoApp[160:307] dateString = 2011-07-11 05:44:43 PM
    2011-07-11 17:44:43.264 DemoApp[160:307] date1 = (null)
    2011-07-11 17:44:43.272 DemoApp[160:307] date2 = (null)
    2011-07-11 17:44:43.280 DemoApp[160:307] date3 = (null)
    2011-07-11 17:44:43.298 DemoApp[160:307] date4 = 2001-05-05 05:34:56 PM +0000
    2011-07-11 17:44:43.311 DemoApp[160:307] Extended class&#39;s locale: &lt;__NSCFLocale: 0x11a820&gt; en_US_POSIX
    2011-07-11 17:44:43.336 DemoApp[160:307] dateString = 2011-07-11 17:44:43
    2011-07-11 17:44:43.352 DemoApp[160:307] date1 = 2001-05-05 05:34:56 PM +0000
    2011-07-11 17:44:43.369 DemoApp[160:307] date2 = 2001-05-06 03:34:56 AM +0000
    2011-07-11 17:44:43.380 DemoApp[160:307] date3 = (null)
    2011-07-11 17:44:43.392 DemoApp[160:307] date4 = (null)

The phone [make that an iPod Touch] is set to Great Britain, with the 12/24 switch set to 12.  There&#39;s a clear difference in the two results, and I judge the category version to be wrong.  Note that the log in the category version IS getting executed (and stops placed in the code are hit), so it&#39;s not simply a case of the code somehow not getting used.

##Bounty update:
Since I haven&#39;t gotten any applicable replies yet I&#39;ll extend the bounty deadline for another day or two.

Bounty ends in 21 hours -- it&#39;ll go to whoever makes the most effort to help, even if the answer isn&#39;t really useful in my case.

##A curious observation

Modified the category implementation slightly:

    #import &quot;NSDateFormatter+Locale.h&quot;

    @implementation NSDateFormatter (Locale)

    - (id)initWithSafeLocale {
	static NSLocale* en_US_POSIX2 = nil;
	self = [super init];
	if (en_US_POSIX2 == nil) {
		en_US_POSIX2 = [[NSLocale alloc] initWithLocaleIdentifier:@&quot;en_US_POSIX&quot;];
	}
	NSLog(@&quot;Category&#39;s locale: %@ %@&quot;, en_US_POSIX2.description, [en_US_POSIX2 localeIdentifier]);
	[self setLocale:en_US_POSIX2];
	NSLog(@&quot;Category&#39;s object: %@ and object&#39;s locale: %@ %@&quot;, self.description, self.locale.description, [self.locale localeIdentifier]);
	return self;    
    }

    @end

Basically just changed the name of the static locale variable (in case there was some conflict with the static declared in the subclass) and added the extra NSLog.  But look what that NSLog prints:

    2011-07-15 16:35:24.322 DemoApp[214:307] Category&#39;s locale: &lt;__NSCFLocale: 0x160550&gt; en_US_POSIX
    2011-07-15 16:35:24.338 DemoApp[214:307] Category&#39;s object: &lt;NSDateFormatter: 0x160d90&gt; and object&#39;s locale: &lt;__NSCFLocale: 0x12be70&gt; en_GB
    2011-07-15 16:35:24.345 DemoApp[214:307] dateString = 2011-07-15 04:35:24 PM
    2011-07-15 16:35:24.370 DemoApp[214:307] date1 = (null)
    2011-07-15 16:35:24.378 DemoApp[214:307] date2 = (null)
    2011-07-15 16:35:24.390 DemoApp[214:307] date3 = (null)
    2011-07-15 16:35:24.404 DemoApp[214:307] date4 = 2001-05-05 05:34:56 PM +0000

As you can see, the setLocale simply didn&#39;t.  The locale of the formatter is still en_GB.  It appears that there is something &quot;strange&quot; about an init method in a category.

##Final answer

See the [accepted answer](https://stackoverflow.com/a/6735644/581994) below.

What is the best way to deal with the NSDateFormatter locale &quot;feechur&quot;?

I have an app that prints a calculated money value and I want to display that value with the default currency format. 

For example in Europe you would write: 

 1.000,95€

In the US I think you would write 

 1,000.95$

In other currencies there are more or less values displayed for the decimal fraction, in US it would be 2 but in Japan it would be 0. 

How can I obtain a exact as possible format for all existing currencies?

Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	Howard	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - Java	Matti Virkkunen	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 2 - Java	dkarp	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 3 - Java	user1774051	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 4 - Java	CoolBeans	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 5 - Java	jzd	View Answer on Stackoverflow

en_US or en-US, which one should you use?

Java Problem Overview

Java Solutions

Solution 1 - Java

Solution 2 - Java

Solution 3 - Java

Solution 4 - Java

Solution 5 - Java

How to exclude a Javascript file from Javascript Validation in Eclipse

Clarifying terminology - What does "hydrating" a JPA or Hibernate entity mean when fetching the entity from the DB

Attributions