Efficient way to do batch INSERTS with JDBC

In my app I need to do a lot of INSERTS. Its a Java app and I am using plain JDBC to execute the queries. The DB being Oracle. I have enabled batching though, so it saves me network latencies to execute queries. But the queries execute serially as separate INSERTs:

insert into some_table (col1, col2) values (val1, val2)
insert into some_table (col1, col2) values (val3, val4)
insert into some_table (col1, col2) values (val5, val6)

I was wondering if the following form of INSERT might be more efficient:

insert into some_table (col1, col2) values (val1, val2), (val3, val4), (val5, val6)

i.e. collapsing multiple INSERTs into one.

Any other tips for making batch INSERTs faster?

This is a mix of the two previous answers:

  PreparedStatement ps = c.prepareStatement("INSERT INTO employees VALUES (?, ?)");

  ps.setString(1, "John");
  ps.setString(2,"Doe");
  ps.addBatch();

  ps.clearParameters();
  ps.setString(1, "Dave");
  ps.setString(2,"Smith");
  ps.addBatch();

  ps.clearParameters();
  int[] results = ps.executeBatch();

Though the question asks inserting efficiently to Oracle using JDBC, I'm currently playing with DB2 (On IBM mainframe), conceptually inserting would be similar so thought it might be helpful to see my metrics between

• inserting one record at a time

• inserting a batch of records (very efficient)

Here go the metrics

1) Inserting one record at a time

public void writeWithCompileQuery(int records) {
    PreparedStatement statement;

    try {
        Connection connection = getDatabaseConnection();
        connection.setAutoCommit(true);

        String compiledQuery = "INSERT INTO TESTDB.EMPLOYEE(EMPNO, EMPNM, DEPT, RANK, USERNAME)" +
                " VALUES" + "(?, ?, ?, ?, ?)";
        statement = connection.prepareStatement(compiledQuery);

        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();

        for(int index = 1; index < records; index++) {
            statement.setInt(1, index);
            statement.setString(2, "emp number-"+index);
            statement.setInt(3, index);
            statement.setInt(4, index);
            statement.setString(5, "username");

            long startInternal = System.currentTimeMillis();
            statement.executeUpdate();
            System.out.println("each transaction time taken = " + (System.currentTimeMillis() - startInternal) + " ms");
        }

        long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("total time taken = " + (end - start) + " ms");
        System.out.println("avg total time taken = " + (end - start)/ records + " ms");

        statement.close();
        connection.close();

    } catch (SQLException ex) {
        System.err.println("SQLException information");
        while (ex != null) {
            System.err.println("Error msg: " + ex.getMessage());
            ex = ex.getNextException();
        }
    }
}

The metrics for 100 transactions :

each transaction time taken = 123 ms
each transaction time taken = 53 ms
each transaction time taken = 48 ms
each transaction time taken = 48 ms
each transaction time taken = 49 ms
each transaction time taken = 49 ms
...
..
.
each transaction time taken = 49 ms
each transaction time taken = 49 ms
total time taken = 4935 ms
avg total time taken = 49 ms

The first transaction is taking around 120-150ms which is for the query parse and then execution, the subsequent transactions are only taking around 50ms. (Which is still high, but my database is on a different server(I need to troubleshoot the network))

2) With insertion in a batch (efficient one) - achieved by preparedStatement.executeBatch()

public int[] writeInABatchWithCompiledQuery(int records) {
    PreparedStatement preparedStatement;

    try {
        Connection connection = getDatabaseConnection();
        connection.setAutoCommit(true);

        String compiledQuery = "INSERT INTO TESTDB.EMPLOYEE(EMPNO, EMPNM, DEPT, RANK, USERNAME)" +
                " VALUES" + "(?, ?, ?, ?, ?)";
        preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(compiledQuery);

        for(int index = 1; index <= records; index++) {
            preparedStatement.setInt(1, index);
            preparedStatement.setString(2, "empo number-"+index);
            preparedStatement.setInt(3, index+100);
            preparedStatement.setInt(4, index+200);
            preparedStatement.setString(5, "usernames");
            preparedStatement.addBatch();
        }

        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
        int[] inserted = preparedStatement.executeBatch();
        long end = System.currentTimeMillis();

        System.out.println("total time taken to insert the batch = " + (end - start) + " ms");
        System.out.println("total time taken = " + (end - start)/records + " s");

        preparedStatement.close();
        connection.close();

        return inserted;

    } catch (SQLException ex) {
        System.err.println("SQLException information");
        while (ex != null) {
            System.err.println("Error msg: " + ex.getMessage());
            ex = ex.getNextException();
        }
        throw new RuntimeException("Error");
    }
}

The metrics for a batch of 100 transactions is

total time taken to insert the batch = 127 ms

and for 1000 transactions

total time taken to insert the batch = 341 ms

So, making 100 transactions in ~5000ms (with one trxn at a time) is decreased to ~150ms (with a batch of 100 records).

NOTE - Ignore my network which is super slow, but the metrics values would be relative.

The Statement gives you the following option:

Statement stmt = con.createStatement();

stmt.addBatch("INSERT INTO employees VALUES (1000, 'Joe Jones')");
stmt.addBatch("INSERT INTO departments VALUES (260, 'Shoe')");
stmt.addBatch("INSERT INTO emp_dept VALUES (1000, 260)");

// submit a batch of update commands for execution
int[] updateCounts = stmt.executeBatch();

You'll have to benchmark, obviously, but over JDBC issuing multiple inserts will be much faster if you use a PreparedStatement rather than a Statement.

You can use this rewriteBatchedStatements parameter to make the batch insert even faster.

you can read here about the param: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/26307760/mysql-and-jdbc-with-rewritebatchedstatements-true

SQLite: The above answers are all correct. For SQLite, it is a little bit different. Nothing really helps, even to put it in a batch is (sometimes) not improving performance. In that case, try to disable auto-commit and commit by hand after you are done (Warning! When multiple connections write at the same time, you can clash with these operations)

// connect(), yourList and compiledQuery you have to implement/define beforehand
try (Connection conn = connect()) {
     conn.setAutoCommit(false);
     preparedStatement pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(compiledQuery);
     for(Object o : yourList){
        pstmt.setString(o.toString());
        pstmt.executeUpdate();
        pstmt.getGeneratedKeys(); //if you need the generated keys
     }
     pstmt.close();
     conn.commit();

}

How about using the INSERT ALL statement ?

INSERT ALL

INTO table_name VALUES ()

INTO table_name VALUES ()

...

SELECT Statement;

I remember that the last select statement is mandatory in order to make this request succeed. Don't remember why though. You might consider using PreparedStatement instead as well. lots of advantages !

Farid

You can use addBatch and executeBatch for batch insert in java See the Example : Batch Insert In Java

In my code I have no direct access to the 'preparedStatement' so I cannot use batch, I just pass it the query and a list of parameters. The trick however is to create a variable length insert statement, and a LinkedList of parameters. The effect is the same as the top example, with variable parameter input length.See below (error checking omitted). Assuming 'myTable' has 3 updatable fields: f1, f2 and f3

String []args={"A","B","C", "X","Y","Z" }; // etc, input list of triplets
final String QUERY="INSERT INTO [myTable] (f1,f2,f3) values ";
LinkedList params=new LinkedList();
String comma="";
StringBuilder q=QUERY;
for(int nl=0; nl< args.length; nl+=3 ) { // args is a list of triplets values
    params.add(args[nl]);
	params.add(args[nl+1]);
	params.add(args[nl+2]);
	q.append(comma+"(?,?,?)");
	comma=",";
}      
int nr=insertIntoDB(q, params);

in my DBInterface class I have:

int insertIntoDB(String query, LinkedList <String>params) {
	preparedUPDStmt = connectionSQL.prepareStatement(query);
    int n=1;
	for(String x:params) {
		preparedUPDStmt.setString(n++, x);
	}
	int updates=preparedUPDStmt.executeUpdate();
	return updates;
}

if you use jdbcTemplate then:

import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.BatchPreparedStatementSetter;

    public int[] batchInsert(List<Book> books) {

        return this.jdbcTemplate.batchUpdate(
            "insert into books (name, price) values(?,?)",
            new BatchPreparedStatementSetter() {

                public void setValues(PreparedStatement ps, int i) throws SQLException {
                    ps.setString(1, books.get(i).getName());
                    ps.setBigDecimal(2, books.get(i).getPrice());
                }

                public int getBatchSize() {
                    return books.size();
                }

            });
    }

or with more advanced configuration

  import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
  import org.springframework.jdbc.core.ParameterizedPreparedStatementSetter;

    public int[][] batchInsert(List<Book> books, int batchSize) {

        int[][] updateCounts = jdbcTemplate.batchUpdate(
                "insert into books (name, price) values(?,?)",
                books,
                batchSize,
                new ParameterizedPreparedStatementSetter<Book>() {
                    public void setValues(PreparedStatement ps, Book argument) 
                        throws SQLException {
                        ps.setString(1, argument.getName());
                        ps.setBigDecimal(2, argument.getPrice());
                    }
                });
        return updateCounts;

    }

link to source

Using PreparedStatements will be MUCH slower than Statements if you have low iterations. To gain a performance benefit from using a PrepareStatement over a statement, you need to be using it in a loop where iterations are at least 50 or higher.