A [HTTP request][1] is constructed with a request line, headers and a body.

[curl][2] does not seem to have a flag to do a &quot;dry-run&quot;. Depending on your needs, you might be able to see what you want using [netcat][3] as a proxy:

    $ nc -l localhost 8000 &amp;
    [1] 3150
    $ curl --proxy localhost:8000 --silent --max-time 1 http://www.stackoverflow.com
    GET http://www.stackoverflow.com HTTP/1.1
    User-Agent: curl/7.19.7 (x86_64-pc-linux-gnu) libcurl/7.19.7 OpenSSL/0.9.8k zlib/1.2.3.3 libidn/1.15
    Host: www.stackoverflow.com
    Accept: */*
    Proxy-Connection: Keep-Alive
    
    [1]+  Done                    nc -l localhost 8000




  [1]: http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec5.html#sec5
  [2]: http://curl.haxx.se/
  [3]: http://netcat.sourceforge.net/


Let me second the suggestion to use &#39;nc&#39; (netcat) to get to see all the details without sending anything offsite to anywhere.

But you can also get all the details for any curl command line request by using the [--trace][1] or [--trace-ascii][2] commands that can dump all incoming and outgoing data and requests for inspection.

These options have the additional benefit in comparison to &#39;nc&#39; that they can show the protocol details even for HTTPS operations and with &quot;real&quot; command lines etc.


  [1]: http://curl.haxx.se/docs/manpage.html#--trace
  [2]: http://curl.haxx.se/docs/manpage.html#--trace-ascii

Is it possible to do a POST from just an `&lt;a&gt;` tag? I know anchor tags are usually just for GETs, and I know I can use javascript to do this (like in https://stackoverflow.com/questions/133925/javascript-post-request-like-a-form-submit) but to me that seems a little messy. Is there a way to do this with straight HTML?

POST from an &lt;A&gt; tag

I implemented a web service for an Android application. The web service is running on my local host (192.168.1.2). Using the Android emulator I succeeded to connect to web service. The I tried to connect  my Android device using debugging mode to web service but it didn&#39;t work. So my question is if it is possible to connect an Android device to this web service that is running on my local host (192.168.1.2) without using a real IP ? 

Connect an Android Device To a Web Service on Local Host

With the curl command line tool, is it possible to `echo`, print, or view the request, and not send it? Sort of like a `-n` option? I would like to see the request header &amp; body, and anything else that&#39;s included. Is there anything else that&#39;s sent besides header &amp; body?

Echo curl request header &amp; body without sending it?

<p>With the curl command line tool, is it possible to <code>echo</code>, print, or view the request, and not send it? Sort of like a <code>-n</code> option? I would like to see the request header &#x26; body, and anything else that's included. Is there anything else that's sent besides header &#x26; body?</p>


I have this json data:

    { 
        userID: &#39;a7664093-502e-4d2b-bf30-25a2b26d6021&#39;,
        itemKind: 0,
        value: 1,
        description: &#39;Saude&#39;,
        itemID: &#39;03e76d0a-8bab-11e0-8250-000c29b481aa&#39;
    }

and I need to post into json url:
http://domain/OnLeagueRest/resources/onleague/Account/CreditAccount

using php how can I send this post request?


Send json post using php

When i am going to implement Authorize.net payment gateway. However, I got this error: 

&gt; Call to undefined function curl_init()

Please let me know what is wrong in it.

Call to undefined function curl_init().?

I am using [XAMPP](http://www.apachefriends.org) for development. Recently I upgraded my installation of xampp from an old version to 1.7.3. 

Now when I curl HTTPS enabled sites I get the following exception

&gt; Fatal error: Uncaught exception &#39;RequestCore_Exception&#39; with message
&gt; &#39;cURL resource: Resource
&gt;     id #55; cURL error: SSL certificate problem, verify that the CA cert is OK. Details:
&gt;     error:14090086:SSL routines:SSL3_GET_SERVER_CERTIFICATE:certificate verify failed (60)&#39;

Everyone suggest using some specific curl options from PHP code to fix this problem. I think this shouldn&#39;t be the way. Because I didn&#39;t have any problem with my old version of XAMPP and happened only after installing the new version. 

I need help to figure out what settings change in my PHP installation, Apache etc can fix this problem.


HTTPS and SSL3_GET_SERVER_CERTIFICATE:certificate verify failed, CA is OK

I need to make a POST request via cURL from the command line. Data for this request is located in a file. I know that via PUT this could be done with the `--upload-file` option.

    curl host:port/post-file -H &quot;Content-Type: text/xml&quot; --data &quot;contents_of_file&quot;

Send request to cURL with post data sourced from a file

I need to download remote file using curl.

Here&#39;s the sample code I have:

    $ch = curl_init();
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $url);
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);
    
    $st = curl_exec($ch);
    $fd = fopen($tmp_name, &#39;w&#39;);
    fwrite($fd, $st);
    fclose($fd);
    
    curl_close($ch);

But it can&#39;t handle big files, because it reads to memory first.

Is it possible to stream the file directly to disk?

Downloading a large file using curl

A review of SO doesn&#39;t categorically answer this question. It could be implied, but I would like to get it on the record specifically.

If SSL is active, it will encrypt HTTP header data, like &quot;set-cookie&quot; ? I know about &quot;setSecure&quot; to only transmit cookie&#39;s if HTTPS is active, but if SSL is active I would like to confirm if all header data is encrypted by default without the need to use &quot;setSecure&quot;.

Does SSL also encrypt cookies?

Is there a way to force PDF files to open in the browser when the option &quot;Display PDF in browser&quot; is unchecked?

I tried using the embed tag and an iframe, but it only works when that option is checked.

What can I do?


How do I force files to open in the browser instead of downloading (PDF)?

I have a simple PHP webpage, and would like to return different content depending if it&#39;s accessed from an iPhone/iPad or from a web brower. How can I do that?

Check if PHP-page is accessed from an iOS device

Is it a way to remove or hide http referer information in request header? 
i want to remove http referrer information of users who goes to other site from my site using a script possibly in javascript python or django

example:

    Host	slogout.espncricinfo.com
    User-Agent	Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; rv:5.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/5.0    
    Accept	text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8    
    Accept-Language	en-us,en;q=0.5    
    Accept-Encoding	gzip, deflate    
    Accept-Charset	ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7    
    Connection	keep-alive
    Referer	http://slogout.espncricinfo.com/index.php?page=index&amp;level=login



Remove http referer

I know it&#39;s possible to get an empty HTTP_REFERER. Under what circumstances does this happen? If I get an empty one, does it always mean that the user changed it? Is getting an empty one the same as getting a null one? and under what circumstances do I get that too?

In what cases will HTTP_REFERER be empty

Is this possible?

    xmlHttp.send({
        &quot;test&quot; : &quot;1&quot;,
        &quot;test2&quot; : &quot;2&quot;,
    });

Maybe with: a header with `content type` : `application/json`?:

    xmlHttp.setRequestHeader(&#39;Content-Type&#39;, &#39;application/json&#39;)

Otherwise I can use:

    xmlHttp.setRequestHeader(&#39;Content-Type&#39;, &#39;application/x-www-form-urlencoded&#39;)

and then `JSON.stringify` the JSON object and send it in a parameter, but it would be cool to send it in this way if it&#39;s possible.



Javascript : Send JSON Object with Ajax?

This module is &#39;request https://github.com/mikeal/request

I think i&#39;m following every step but i&#39;m missing an argument.. 

    var request = require(&#39;request&#39;);
    request.post({
    		url: &#39;http://localhost/test2.php&#39;,
    		 body: &quot;mes=heydude&quot;
    		 }, function(error, response, body){
    		 	console.log(body);
    	});

on the other end i have 

    echo $_POST[&#39;mes&#39;];

And i know the php isn&#39;t wrong...

POST data with request module on Node.JS

How long can the browser wait before an error is shown before server answers for request? Can this time be unlimited?

How long will the browser wait after an ajax request?

I know in php I could just use `$_GET[&#39;key1&#39;][&#39;key2&#39;]` to retrieve GET data that is sent in the form of an array but is that something possible in Python as I just receive a string and it&#39;s not recognized as an array/list.

I use flask/werkzeug if that matters.

Getting the array as GET query parameters in Python

I read about _Pragma_ header on [Wikipedia](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_header_fields) which says:

&gt; &quot;The Pragma: no-cache header field is an HTTP/1.0 header intended for
&gt; use in requests. It is a means for the browser to tell the server and
&gt; any intermediate caches that it wants a fresh version of the resource,
&gt; not for the server to tell the browser not to cache the resource. Some
&gt; user agents do pay attention to this header in responses, but the
&gt; HTTP/1.1 RFC specifically warns against relying on this behavior.&quot;

But I haven&#39;t understood what it does? What is the difference between the `Cache-Control` header whose value is `no-cache` and `Pragma` whose value is also `no-cache`?

Difference between Pragma and Cache-Control headers?

I&#39;m trying to figure out how to POST JSON from Android by using HTTPClient. I&#39;ve been trying to figure this out for a while, I have found plenty of examples online, but I cannot get any of them to work.  I believe this is because of my lack of JSON/networking knowledge in general.  I know there are plenty of examples out there but could someone point me to an actual tutorial? I&#39;m looking for a step by step process with code and explanation of why you do each step, or of what that step does. It doesn&#39;t need to be a complicated, simple will suffice.

Again, I know there are a ton of examples out there, I&#39;m just really looking for an example with an explanation of what exactly is happening and why it is doing that way. 

If someone knows about a good Android book on this, then please let me know.

Thanks again for the help @terrance, here is the code I described below

    public void shNameVerParams() throws Exception{
		 String path = //removed
		 HashMap  params = new HashMap();
		 
		 params.put(new String(&quot;Name&quot;), &quot;Value&quot;); 
		 params.put(new String(&quot;Name&quot;), &quot;Value&quot;);
		 
		 try {
			HttpClient.SendHttpPost(path, params);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	 }



How to send POST request in JSON using HTTPClient in Android?

I have written tests with Selenium2/WebDriver and want to test if HTTP Request returns an HTTP 403 Forbidden.

Is it possible to get the HTTP response status code with Selenium WebDriver?

How to get HTTP Response Code using Selenium WebDriver

I want to write a little helper method which returns the base URL of the site. This is what I came up with:

    public static string GetSiteUrl()
    {
        string url = string.Empty;
        HttpRequest request = HttpContext.Current.Request;
    
        if (request.IsSecureConnection)
            url = &quot;https://&quot;;
        else
            url = &quot;http://&quot;;
     
        url += request[&quot;HTTP_HOST&quot;] + &quot;/&quot;;
    
        return url;
    }

Is there any mistake in this, that you can think of? Can anyone improve upon this?

How can I get the baseurl of site?

Does anyone know how to add or create a custom HTTP header using JavaScript or jQuery?

How can I add a custom HTTP header to ajax request with js or jQuery?

When I do a GET on a certain URI using the node.js &#39;request&#39; module;

    var options = {uri:&quot;aURI&quot;, headers:headerData};
    request.get(options, function (error, response, body) {
    }

**The error message is:**

    [Error: Exceeded maxRedirects. Probably stuck in a redirect loop.]

**and there is also the following message:**

    &quot;(node) warning: possible EventEmitter memory leak detected. 11 listeners added. Use emitter.setMaxListeners() to increase limit.&quot;

How do I `setMaxListeners`?


node.js - request - How to &quot;emitter.setMaxListeners()&quot;?

What is the difference between PHP&#39;s `print` and `echo`?

Stack Overflow has many questions asking about PHP&#39;s `print` and `echo` keyword usage. 

The purpose of this post is to provide a canonical [reference](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3737139/reference-what-does-this-symbol-mean-in-php)  question and answer about PHP&#39;s `print` and `echo` keywords and compare their differences and use-cases.





Reference: Comparing PHP&#39;s print and echo

How do I echo the number *2* into a file, from a batch script?

This doesn&#39;t work:

	Echo 2&gt;&gt; file.txt

because `2&gt;&gt;` is a special command. :(

How to echo &quot;2&quot; (no quotes) to a file, from a batch script?

This maybe really easy but there were no answers for it over the net. I want to echo a XML line via batch into a file but it misunderstands the XML closing tag for redirection &quot;&gt;&quot;. The line is as follows:

    echo &lt;?xml version=&quot;1.0&quot; encoding=&quot;utf-8&quot; ?&gt; &gt; myfile.xml

is there any way to give a hint to batch parser not to interpret a special string? I used double-quotes but it writes them to the file as well! The file should look like this after echo:

    &lt;?xml version=&quot;1.0&quot; encoding=&quot;utf-8&quot; ?&gt;

using batch echo with special characters

I want to output some data to a pipe and have the other process do something to the data line by line. Here is a toy example:

    mkfifo pipe
    cat pipe&amp;
    cat &gt;pipe

Now I can enter whatever I want, and after pressing enter I immediately see the same line. But if substitute second pipe with `echo`:

    mkfifo pipe
    cat pipe&amp;
    echo &quot;some data&quot; &gt;pipe

The pipe closes after `echo` and `cat pipe&amp;` finishes so that I cannot pass any more data through the pipe. Is there a way to avoid closing the pipe and the process that receives the data, so that I can pass many lines of data through the pipe from a bash script and have them processed as they arrive?

How to avoid echo closing FIFO named pipes? - Funny behavior of Unix FIFOs

In Bash, tried this:

    echo -e &quot;Hello,\nWorld!&quot;

But it doesn&#39;t print a newline, only `\n`. How can I make it print the newline?

I&#39;m using [Ubuntu&amp;nbsp;11.04][1] (Natty Narwhal).

  [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu_version_history#Ubuntu_11.04_.28Natty_Narwhal.29




Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	ma11hew28	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - Curl	Anders Lindahl	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 2 - Curl	Daniel Stenberg	View Answer on Stackoverflow

Echo curl request header & body without sending it?

Curl Problem Overview

Curl Solutions

Solution 1 - Curl

Solution 2 - Curl

Connect an Android Device To a Web Service on Local Host

POST from an <A> tag

Attributions