Easiest way to open a download window without navigating away from the page
JavascriptJavascript Problem Overview
What is the best cross browser way to open a download dialog (let's assume we can set content-disposion:attachment in the headers) without navigating away from the current page, or opening popups, which doesn't work well in Internet Explorer(IE) 6.
Javascript Solutions
Solution 1 - Javascript
This javascript is nice that it doesn't open a new window or tab.
window.location.assign(url);
Solution 2 - Javascript
7 years have passed and I don't know whether it works for IE6 or not, but this prompts OpenFileDialog in FF and Chrome.
var file_path = 'host/path/file.ext';
var a = document.createElement('A');
a.href = file_path;
a.download = file_path.substr(file_path.lastIndexOf('/') + 1);
document.body.appendChild(a);
a.click();
document.body.removeChild(a);
Solution 3 - Javascript
I know the question was asked 7 years and 9 months ago but many posted solutions doesn't seem to work, for example using an <iframe> works only with FireFox and doesn't work with Chrome.
Best solution:
The best working solution to open a file download pop-up in JavaScript is to use a HTML link element, with no need to append the link element to the document.body as stated in other answers.
You can use the following function:
function downloadFile(filePath){
var link=document.createElement('a');
link.href = filePath;
link.download = filePath.substr(filePath.lastIndexOf('/') + 1);
link.click();
}
In my application, I am using it this way:
downloadFile('report/xls/myCustomReport.xlsx');
Working Demo:
function downloadFile(filePath) {
var link = document.createElement('a');
link.href = filePath;
link.download = filePath.substr(filePath.lastIndexOf('/') + 1);
link.click();
}
downloadFile("http://www.adobe.com/content/dam/Adobe/en/accessibility/pdfs/accessing-pdf-sr.pdf");
Note:
- You have to use the
link.downloadattribute so the browser doesn't open the file in a new tab and fires the download pop-up. - This was tested with several file types (docx, xlsx, png, pdf, ...).
Solution 4 - Javascript
I always add a target="_blank" to the download link. This will open a new window, but as soon as the user clicks save, the new window is closed.
Solution 5 - Javascript
Put this in the HTML head section, setting the url var to the URL of the file to be downloaded:
<script type="text/javascript">
function startDownload()
{
var url='http://server/folder/file.ext';
window.open(url, 'Download');
}
</script>
Then put this in the body, which will start the download automatically after 5 seconds:
<script type="text/javascript">
setTimeout('startDownload()', 5000); //starts download after 5 seconds
</script>
(From here.)
Solution 6 - Javascript
I've been looking for a good way to use javascript to initiate the download of a file, just as this question suggests. However these answers not been helpful. I then did some xbrowser testing and have found that an iframe works best on all modern browsers IE>8.
downloadUrl = "http://example.com/download/file.zip";
var downloadFrame = document.createElement("iframe");
downloadFrame.setAttribute('src',downloadUrl);
downloadFrame.setAttribute('class',"screenReaderText");
document.body.appendChild(downloadFrame);
class="screenReaderText" is my class to style content that is present but not viewable.
css:
.screenReaderText {
border: 0;
clip: rect(0 0 0 0);
height: 1px;
margin: -1px;
overflow: hidden;
padding: 0;
position: absolute;
width: 1px;
}
same as .visuallyHidden in html5boilerplate
I prefer this to the javascript window.open method because if the link is broken the iframe method simply doesn't do anything as opposed to redirecting to a blank page saying the file could not be opened.
window.open(downloadUrl, 'download_window', 'toolbar=0,location=no,directories=0,status=0,scrollbars=0,resizeable=0,width=1,height=1,top=0,left=0');
window.focus();
Solution 7 - Javascript
Using HTML5 Blob Object-URL File API:
/**
* Save a text as file using HTML <a> temporary element and Blob
* @see https://stackoverflow.com/questions/49988202/macos-webview-download-a-html5-blob-file
* @param fileName String
* @param fileContents String JSON String
* @author Loreto Parisi
*/
var saveBlobAsFile = function(fileName,fileContents) {
if(typeof(Blob)!='undefined') { // using Blob
var textFileAsBlob = new Blob([fileContents], { type: 'text/plain' });
var downloadLink = document.createElement("a");
downloadLink.download = fileName;
if (window.webkitURL != null) {
downloadLink.href = window.webkitURL.createObjectURL(textFileAsBlob);
}
else {
downloadLink.href = window.URL.createObjectURL(textFileAsBlob);
downloadLink.onclick = document.body.removeChild(event.target);
downloadLink.style.display = "none";
document.body.appendChild(downloadLink);
}
downloadLink.click();
} else {
var pp = document.createElement('a');
pp.setAttribute('href', 'data:text/plain;charset=utf-8,' + encodeURIComponent(fileContents));
pp.setAttribute('download', fileName);
pp.onclick = document.body.removeChild(event.target);
pp.click();
}
}//saveBlobAsFile
/**
* Save a text as file using HTML <a> temporary element and Blob
* @see https://stackoverflow.com/questions/49988202/macos-webview-download-a-html5-blob-file
* @param fileName String
* @param fileContents String JSON String
* @author Loreto Parisi
*/
var saveBlobAsFile = function(fileName, fileContents) {
if (typeof(Blob) != 'undefined') { // using Blob
var textFileAsBlob = new Blob([fileContents], {
type: 'text/plain'
});
var downloadLink = document.createElement("a");
downloadLink.download = fileName;
if (window.webkitURL != null) {
downloadLink.href = window.webkitURL.createObjectURL(textFileAsBlob);
} else {
downloadLink.href = window.URL.createObjectURL(textFileAsBlob);
downloadLink.onclick = document.body.removeChild(event.target);
downloadLink.style.display = "none";
document.body.appendChild(downloadLink);
}
downloadLink.click();
} else {
var pp = document.createElement('a');
pp.setAttribute('href', 'data:text/plain;charset=utf-8,' + encodeURIComponent(fileContents));
pp.setAttribute('download', fileName);
pp.onclick = document.body.removeChild(event.target);
pp.click();
}
} //saveBlobAsFile
var jsonObject = {
"name": "John",
"age": 31,
"city": "New York"
};
var fileContents = JSON.stringify(jsonObject, null, 2);
var fileName = "data.json";
saveBlobAsFile(fileName, fileContents)
Solution 8 - Javascript
Modifying the location of window might cause some issue especially when you have a persistent connection like websocket. So I always resort to good old iframe solution.
HTML
<input type="button" onclick="downloadButtonClicked()" value="Download"/>
...
...
...
<iframe style="display:none;" name="hiddenIframe" id="hiddenIframe"></iframe>
Javascript
function downloadButtonClicked() {
// Simulate a link click
var url = 'your_download_url_here';
var elem = document.createElement('a');
elem.href = url;
elem.target = 'hiddenIframe';
elem.click();
}
Solution 9 - Javascript
If the link is to a valid file url, simply assigning window.location.href will work.
However, sometimes the link is not valid, and an iFrame is required.
Do your normal event.preventDefault to prevent the window from opening, and if you are using jQuery, this will work:
$('<iframe>').attr('src', downloadThing.attr('href')).appendTo('body').on("load", function() {
$(this).remove();
});
Solution 10 - Javascript
Best solution as per new chrome specification https://developers.google.com/web/updates/2018/02/chrome-65-deprecations
Vanilla JavaScript
public static downloadFile(url: string): void {
const xmlHttp = new XMLHttpRequest();
xmlHttp.onreadystatechange = () => {
if (xmlHttp.readyState === 4 && xmlHttp.status === 200) {
const blobUrl = window.URL.createObjectURL(xmlHttp.response);
const e = document.createElement('a');
e.href = blobUrl;
e.download = blobUrl.substr(blobUrl.lastIndexOf('/') + 1);
document.body.appendChild(e);
e.click();
document.body.removeChild(e);
}
};
xmlHttp.responseType = 'blob';
xmlHttp.open('GET', url, true);
xmlHttp.send(null);
}
If you're using angular try this.
async downloadBrochure(url: string) {
try {
const res = await this.httpClient.get(url, { responseType: 'blob' }).toPromise();
this.downloadFile(res);
} catch (e) {
console.log(e.body.message);
}
}
downloadFile(data) {
const url = window.URL.createObjectURL(data);
const e = document.createElement('a');
e.href = url;
e.download = url.substr(url.lastIndexOf('/') + 1);
document.body.appendChild(e);
e.click();
document.body.removeChild(e);
}
Solution 11 - Javascript
After hours of trying, the function is born :) I had a scenario where I had to display loader in time while the file is preparing for download:
Working in Chrome, Safari and Firefox
function ajaxDownload(url, filename = 'file', method = 'get', data = {}, callbackSuccess = () => {}, callbackFail = () => {}) {
$.ajax({
url: url,
method: 'GET',
xhrFields: {
responseType: 'blob'
},
success: function (data) {
// create link element
let a = document.createElement('a'),
url = window.URL.createObjectURL(data);
// initialize
a.href = url;
a.download = filename;
// append element to the body,
// a must, due to Firefox
document.body.appendChild(a);
// trigger download
a.click();
// delay a bit deletion of the element
setTimeout(function(){
window.URL.revokeObjectURL(url);
document.body.removeChild(a);
}, 100);
// invoke callback if any
callbackSuccess(data);
},
error: function (err) {
// invoke fail callback if any
callbackFail(err)
}
});
Solution 12 - Javascript
How about:
<meta http-equiv="refresh" content="5;url=http://site.com/file.ext">
This way works on all browsers (i think) and let you put a message like: "If the download doesn't start in five seconds, click here."
If you need it to be with javascript.. well...
document.write('<meta http-equiv="refresh" content="5;url=http://site.com/file.ext">');
Regards
Solution 13 - Javascript
A small/hidden iframe can work for this purpose.
That way you don't have to worry about closing the pop up.