If you want to put jars into your generated jar file, you can use packaging method.
For example if you are using an Apache library or some other 3rd party jars, you may want to keep these jars preserved in your generated jar. In this case, use packaging. 
*&quot;Packaging required libraries into a jar file&quot;* option puts classes of `org.eclipse.jdt.internal.jarinjarloader` package into your generated file and this package is just under the root directory of the generated jar file. This option also creates a larger jar file in terms of size due to jar loader classes of Eclipse.

Extracting required libraries will result in putting classes of 3rd party libraries into your jar file by following the package naming convention, e.g. if you open your jar content you can see some classes under `org.apache..` packages.

Main class entries are different between the `MANIFEST.MF` files of these jar files:

Main class entry when you **package** required libraries:

    Main-Class: org.eclipse.jdt.internal.jarinjarloader.JarRsrcLoader

Main class entry when you **extract** required libraries:

    Main-Class: YourMainClass



For my use, the principal difference is that **packaged** JAR files are included intact as a distinct item, hence retaining their copyright information and signature data.

If you choose **extract**, the class files are pulled out of their original context and stored as if you had originated them, hence possibly violating some licence conditions, although the size of the final JAR will be smaller in this case. Eclipse does warn you about licensing in this case, too.

So, if using third-party JAR libraries, it&#39;s professional to always **package**.

Try it both ways, and open the resulting jar files with a Zip program. Very instructive.

I know one should not use global variables but I have a need for them. I have read that any variable declared outside a function is a global variable. I have done so, but in another `*.cpp` file, that variable could not be found. So it was not really global. Isn&#39;t it so that one has to create a header file `GlobalVariabels.h` and include that file to any other `*cpp` file that uses it?


How to declare a global variable in C++

When I var_dump on a variable called $tags (a multidimensional array) I get this:

&lt;pre&gt;Array
(
    [0] =&gt; Array
        (
            [name] =&gt; tabbing
            [url] =&gt; tabbing
        )

    [1] =&gt; Array
        (
            [name] =&gt; tabby ridiman
            [url] =&gt; tabby-ridiman
        )

    [2] =&gt; Array
        (
            [name] =&gt; tables
            [url] =&gt; tables
        )

    [3] =&gt; Array
        (
            [name] =&gt; tabloids
            [url] =&gt; tabloids
        )

    [4] =&gt; Array
        (
            [name] =&gt; taco bell
            [url] =&gt; taco-bell
        )

    [5] =&gt; Array
        (
            [name] =&gt; tacos
            [url] =&gt; tacos
        )
)
&lt;/pre&gt;

I would like to rename all array keys called &quot;url&quot; to be called &quot;value&quot;. What would be a good way to do this?

How to rename sub-array keys in PHP?

I would like to know the difference between extracting and packaging libraries into a jar file from eclipse with the runnable jar file creation.

If my program (runnable jar) uses other classes which require these external libraries(jars), what should I pick?

Difference between extracting and packaging libraries into a jar file

<p>I would like to know the difference between extracting and packaging libraries into a jar file from eclipse with the runnable jar file creation.</p>
<p>If my program (runnable jar) uses other classes which require these external libraries(jars), what should I pick?</p>


**Edit :** I tried to format the question and accepted answer in more presentable way at my [blog][1]. 

  [1]: https://tech-geek-passion.blogspot.com/2017/09/how-to-resolve-javaxnetsslsslhandshakee.html

Here is the original issue.

I am getting this error:


&gt; detailed message sun.security.validator.ValidatorException: PKIX path
&gt; building failed:   
&gt; sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilderException: unable to
&gt; find valid certification path  to requested target
&gt; 
&gt; cause javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException:
&gt; sun.security.validator.ValidatorException: PKIX path   building
&gt; failed: sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilderException:
&gt; unable to find valid certification path to requested target

I am using Tomcat 6 as webserver. I have two HTTPS web applications installed on different Tomcats on different ports but on the same machine. Say App1 (port 8443) and  App2 (port 443). App1 connects to App2. When App1 connects to App2 I get the above error. I know this is a very common error so came across many solutions on different forums and sites. I have the below entry in `server.xml` of both Tomcats:


    keystoreFile=&quot;c:/.keystore&quot; 
    keystorePass=&quot;changeit&quot;


Every site says the same reason that certificate given by app2 is not in the trusted store of app1 jvm. This seems to be true also when I tried to hit the same URL in IE browser, it works (with warming, There is a problem with this web site&#39;s security certificate. Here I say continue to this website). But when same URL is hit by Java client (in my case) I get the above error. So to put it in the truststore I tried these three options:

### Option 1

    System.setProperty(&quot;javax.net.ssl.trustStore&quot;, &quot;C:/.keystore&quot;);
    System.setProperty(&quot;javax.net.ssl.trustStorePassword&quot;, &quot;changeit&quot;);


### Option 2

Setting below in environment variable

    CATALINA_OPTS -- param name
    -Djavax.net.ssl.trustStore=C:\.keystore -Djavax.net.ssl.trustStorePassword=changeit ---param value


### Option 3

Setting below in environment variable

    JAVA_OPTS -- param name
    -Djavax.net.ssl.trustStore=C:\.keystore -Djavax.net.ssl.trustStorePassword=changeit ---param value

### Result

But nothing worked.

**What at last worked** is executing the Java approach suggested in https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1828775/httpclient-and-ssl by Pascal Thivent i.e. executing the program InstallCert. 

**But this approach is fine for devbox setup but I can not use it at production environment.** 

I am wondering why three approaches mentioned above did not work when I have mentioned the same values in `server.xml` of App2 server and same values in truststore by setting
 
`System.setProperty(&quot;javax.net.ssl.trustStore&quot;, &quot;C:/.keystore&quot;) and System.setProperty(&quot;javax.net.ssl.trustStorePassword&quot;, &quot;changeit&quot;);`

in App1 program.
 
For more information this is how I am making the connection:

    URL url = new URL(urlStr);
    
    URLConnection conn = url.openConnection();
    
    if (conn instanceof HttpsURLConnection) {
    
      HttpsURLConnection conn1 = (HttpsURLConnection) url.openConnection();
      
      conn1.setHostnameVerifier(new HostnameVerifier() {
        public boolean verify(String hostname, SSLSession session) {
          return true;
        }
      });

      reply.load(conn1.getInputStream());



Resolving javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException: sun.security.validator.ValidatorException: PKIX path building failed Error?

Is there a way to use FileOutputStream in a way that if a file (String filename) does not exist, then it will create it?

    FileOutputStream oFile = new FileOutputStream(&quot;score.txt&quot;, false);

Java FileOutputStream Create File if not exists

I am doing a simple &#39;get&#39; in JBoss/Spring. I want the client to pass me an array of integers in the url. How do I set that up on the server? And show should the client send the message? 

This is what I have right now. 

    @RequestMapping(value=&quot;/test/{firstNameIds}&quot;, method=RequestMethod.GET)
    @ResponseBody
    public String test(@PathVariable List&lt;Integer&gt; firstNameIds)
    {
         //What do I do??
         return &quot;Dummy&quot;; 
    }

On the client I would like to pass something like 

&lt;pre&gt;
http://localhost:8080/public/test/[1,3,4,50]
&lt;/pre&gt;

When I did that I get an error:

&gt;java.lang.IllegalStateException: Could not find @PathVariable [firstNameIds] in @RequestMapping


Passing an Array or List to @Pathvariable - Spring/Java

I have the following code snippet:

    public class A {
        public static void main(String[] arg) {
            new Thread() {
                public void run() {
                    System.out.println(&quot;blah&quot;);
                }
            };
        }
    }

Here, how do I call the `start()` method for the thread without creating an instance of the thread class?

How to start anonymous thread class

I need to create two date objects. If the current date and time is March 9th 2012 11:30 AM then 

&gt; - date object d1 should be **9th March 2012 12:00 AM**
&gt; - date object d2 should contain the current date itself

The date will not be entered, it is system date.

**Update**: 

    Date dt = new Date();
    System.out.print(dt.toString());
gives current date and time

Get Today&#39;s date in Java at midnight time

Well I have my source code that i have done using the IDE netbeans. Now I wanted to move this java application to a web application. For that I need to create a jar file from my source code, so that I could invoke it in ma jsp file. 
I have not been able to find any option in netbeans or any other way to create a .jar file of this source code. 
Could someone tell me how to do that. 

Thanks

How to create a Jar file in Netbeans

I have installed an application, when I try to run it (it&#39;s an executable jar) nothing happens. When I run it from the commandline with: 
&gt;java -jar &quot;app.jar&quot;

I get the following message:
&gt;no main manifest attribute, in &quot;app.jar&quot;

Normally, if I had created the program myself, I would have added a main class attribute to the manifest file. But in this case, since the file is from an application, i cannot do that. I also tried extracting the jar to see if I could find the main class, but there are to many classes and none of them has the word &quot;main&quot; in it&#39;s name. There must be a way to fix this because the program runs fine on other systems.


Can&#39;t execute jar- file: &quot;no main manifest attribute&quot;

I was writing a simple program using a Java application (not application that has projects, but application within a project; *.java*) that has a single frame. Both of the files are *.java* so I can&#39;t write a *manifest* needed by the JAR.

The *MyApp.java* starts like a class with package, imports then public class `MyApp` and has a main function, but it&#39;s still .java file! I&#39;m writing it in JDeveloper 11g if it helps.

Any ideas how to make a JAR from these files?  

How do I make a JAR from a .java file?

I want to copy a file from a jar. The file that I am copying is going to be copied outside the working directory. I have done some tests and all methods I try end up with 0 byte files.

**EDIT**: I want the copying of the file to be done via a program, not manually.

How to copy file inside jar to outside the jar?

My application is built on Java EE.

I have approximately 50 jars in this application.

Is it possible to search for a particular keyword (actually I want to search for a keyword `BEGIN REQUEST `)?





How to search for a string in JAR files

I&#39;d like to know how is it possible to write something as simple as an Hello World program just by using an Hex Editor. I know that I could use an assembler and assembly language to this at a near machine level but I just want to experiment with really writing machine code in a toy example such as Hello World.

This could be a simple DOS .COM file that I can run on DOSBox. But it would be nice if someone could provide an example for an .EXE file for running it directly on my Windows PC.

This is just pure curiosity. No... I&#39;m not thinking of writing programs directly in binary machine code (I don&#39;t even usually write assembly code, I just use C/C++ as my most low level tools most of the time). I just want to see if that&#39;s possible to do it, because probably someone had to do it in the very early days of computers.

P.S.:
I know that there are similar questions about this topic around but none provide a working example. I just want a simple example so that it can help me understand how compilers and assemblers generate an executable file. I mean... someone must have done this by hand in the past for the very first programs. Also, for the Windows EXE format there must have been someone at Microsoft that wrote the first tools to generate the format and the way that Windows itself reads it and then executes it.


How to write and executable Windows .exe manually (machine code with Hex editor)?

I need to convert a Python script to a Windows executable.

I have Python 2.6 installed to `python26`.

I have created one script and kept it in `C:\pythonscript`. Inside this folder there are two files

`Setup.py` and `oldlogs.py` (this file need coversion)

`setup.py` code is


    from distutils.core import setup
    import py2exe
    
    setup(console=[&#39;oldlogs.py&#39;])

How can I convert oldlogs.py to an exe file?


How to compile python script to binary executable

I frequently add bash scripts to my Git repository, and the scripts have executable permissions in the Linux filesystem prior to the `git add`. But after pushing the added files to a remote repository and pulling in another location, the files show up with non-executable permissions. There seem to be two ways to correct the problem:

1. ```sh
   chmod u+x $script 
   git commit -am &quot;fixing the script permissions... again...&quot;
   ```

2. ```sh
   git update-index --chmod=+x $script
   ```

Instead of fixing up the permissions every time, is there a way to have Git simply look at the file permissions on the script during `git add`, recognize &quot;Hey, this here is an executable file!&quot; and add it to the repository with the executable permissions directly? 

Automatically apply &quot;git update-index --chmod=+x&quot; to executable files

My code in a C++ project is organised as follows

* I have several `.cpp` and `.h` files which contains my classes
* I have several `.cxx` files which have to be compiled against the `.cpp` files and some external libraries.

Now, each of the `.cxx` files have a `main()` method, so I need to add a different executable for each of these files having the same name as the file.

Also, these `.cxx` files might not get linked to the same external libraries.

I want to write this build in CMake, in which I am kind of a newbie, how do I go about this? 

Adding multiple executables in CMake

Been playing with cython.  Normally program in Python, but used C in a previous life.
I can&#39;t figure out how to make a free-standing executable.

I&#39;ve downloaded cython, and I can make a .pyx file (that&#39;s just a normal Python file with a .pyx extension), that executes in the Python shell, using:
import pyximport; pyximport.install()

I can generate a .c file at the command line with: cython file.pyx
I can generate a .so file by building a standard setup.py and executing:
 
    setup.py build_ext --inplace

I&#39;ve tried making an executable out of the .so file using gcc with various options, but always have tons of missing files, headers, etc.  Have tried pointing to headers from virtually everywhere, but with no success, and am not really familiar with what all the gcc options do, or even if I should be using gcc.

I&#39;ve having a disconnect here with the fact that I can run my program in the Python shell, but not at the command line, (I don&#39;t want users to have to get into the shell, import modules, etc).

What am I missing here?

Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	arket	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - Java	Juvanis	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 2 - Java	MikeW	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 3 - Java	bobanahalf	View Answer on Stackoverflow

Difference between extracting and packaging libraries into a jar file

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How to rename sub-array keys in PHP?

How to declare a global variable in C++

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