App Bundles are a publishing format, whereas APK (Android application PacKage) is the packaging format which eventually will be installed on device.

App Bundles use [bundletool][1] to create a set of APK. (.apks)
This can be extracted and the base and configuration splits as well as potential dynamic feature modules can be deployed to a device.

The dependencies can look something like this:
![Bundletool modules][2]

The contents of an App Bundle look kind of like this:
![Bundletool contents][3]

More information on App Bundles is [available here][4].

  [1]: https://github.com/google/bundletool
  [2]: https://developer.android.com/images/app-bundle/apk_splits_tree-2x.png
  [3]: https://developer.android.com/images/app-bundle/aab_format-2x.png
  [4]: https://developer.android.com/guide/app-bundle

**App bundles** are publishing format, whereas **APK** (Android application Package) is the packaging format which eventually will be installed on device. 

Google uses **app bundle** to generate and serve **optimized** APKs for each user’s device configuration, so they download only the code and resources they need to run your app. Therefore, users can get **smaller** and more **optimized** downloads.

[![enter image description here][1]][1]


  [1]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/c9DIq.jpg

Following are benefits of Android App Bundle over APK on PlayStore:

 1. Smaller Download Size
 2. On Demand App features
 3. Asset-only modules

When I am executing the command `sess = tf.Session()` in Tensorflow 2.0 environment, I am getting an error message as below:

    Traceback (most recent call last):
    File &quot;&lt;stdin&gt;&quot;, line 1, in &lt;module&gt;
    AttributeError: module &#39;tensorflow&#39; has no attribute &#39;Session&#39;

&gt; System Information:

 - OS Platform and Distribution: Windows 10
 - Python Version: 3.7.1
 - Tensorflow Version: 2.0.0-alpha0 (installed with pip)

&gt; Steps to reproduce:
&gt;
&gt; Installation:

 1. pip install --upgrade pip
 2. **pip install tensorflow==2.0.0-alpha0**
 3. pip install keras
 4. pip install numpy==1.16.2

&gt; Execution:

 1. Execute command: import tensorflow as tf
 2. Execute command: sess = tf.Session()

Tensorflow 2.0 - AttributeError: module &#39;tensorflow&#39; has no attribute &#39;Session&#39;

I have seen that I can&#39;t set the width of a `ElevatedButton` in Flutter. If I have well understood, I should put the `ElevatedButton` into a `SizedBox`. I will then be able to set the width or height of the box. Is it correct? Is there another way to do it?

This is a bit tedious to create a `SizedBox` around every buttons so I&#39;m wondering why they have chosen to do it this way. I&#39;m pretty sure that they have a good reason to do so but I don&#39;t see it.
The scaffolding is pretty difficult to read and to build for a beginner.


    new SizedBox(
      width: 200.0,
      height: 100.0,
      child: ElevatedButton(
        child: Text(&#39;Blabla blablablablablablabla bla bla bla&#39;),
        onPressed: _onButtonPressed,
      ),
    ),


How to set the width and height of a button in Flutter?

Recently Google brought up a new feature `app bundle` which is a pretty similar concept to APK except its flexibility and architectural differences. 

I have read out lots of blog/articles to understand how app bundle works in devices in comparison with APK file.

What is the actual internal working process of app bundle and how it works on Android devices starting from Google Play Store?

Difference between apk (.apk) and app bundle (.aab)

Recently Google brought up a new feature <code>app bundle</code> which is a pretty similar concept to APK except its flexibility and architectural differences.
I have read out lots of blog/articles to understand how app bundle works in devices in comparison with APK file.
What is the actual internal working process of app bundle and how it works on Android devices starting from Google Play Store?

I was trying to start a flutter project for an App using bluetooth to communicate. For that, I was using [flutter blue][1].

Unfortunately, when trying to run (on an Android device) the first example I created I was met with the following error:

    FAILURE: Build failed with an exception.

      * What went wrong:
      Execution failed for task &#39;:app:processDebugManifest&#39;.
      &gt; Manifest merger failed : uses-sdk:minSdkVersion 16 cannot be smaller than version 19 declared in library [:flutter_blue] /home/maldus/Projects/flutter/polmac/build/flutter_blue/intermediates/manifests/full/debug/AndroidManifest.xml as the library might be using APIs not available in 16
        Suggestion: use a compatible library with a minSdk of at most 16,
                or increase this project&#39;s minSdk version to at least 19,
                or use tools:overrideLibrary=&quot;com.pauldemarco.flutterblue&quot; to force usage (may lead to runtime failures)

If I were on Android Studio, I&#39;d know how to bump up the Android minSdkVersion, but on a flutter project (using VSCode) I was a little lost.

Is it possible to increase the minSdkVersion with flutter, and how?


  [1]: https://github.com/pauldemarco/flutter_blue

How to change Android minSdkVersion in flutter project

**Error Details**    

    AGPBI: {&quot;kind&quot;:&quot;error&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;error: \u003citem\u003e inner element must either be a resource reference or empty.&quot;,&quot;sources&quot;:[{&quot;file&quot;:&quot;...\\app\\src\\main\\res\\values\\ids.xml&quot;,&quot;position&quot;:{&quot;startLine&quot;:2,&quot;startColumn&quot;:4,&quot;startOffset&quot;:57,&quot;endColumn&quot;:61,&quot;endOffset&quot;:114}}],&quot;original&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;tool&quot;:&quot;AAPT&quot;}
    :app:mergeDebugResources
    Error: java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: com.android.builder.internal.aapt.v2.Aapt2Exception: AAPT2 error: check logs for details
    :app:mergeDebugResources FAILED
    
    FAILURE: Build failed with an exception.
    
    * What went wrong:
    Execution failed for task &#39;:app:mergeDebugResources&#39;.
    &gt; Error: java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: com.android.builder.internal.aapt.v2.Aapt2Exception: AAPT2 error: check logs for details.

**Resource File**    

    &lt;?xml version=&quot;1.0&quot; encoding=&quot;utf-8&quot;?&gt;
    &lt;resources&gt;
        &lt;item name=&quot;tv_deviceName&quot; type=&quot;id&quot;&gt;tv_deviceName&lt;/item&gt;
    &lt;/resources&gt;

**Build Environment**

 - Android Studio 3.1.4
 -  minSdkVersion = 21
 -  targetSdkVersion = 28
 -  compileSdkVersion = 28
 -  buildToolsVersion = &quot;28.0.2&quot;

Android - Inner element must either be a resource reference or empty

I am using andorid studio 3.2 and I am new to testing. I want to add a testing library but I am not getting what should i write in the dependencies section **testImplentation** or **androidTestImplementation**. What is the difference between these two?

android difference between testImplementation and androidTestImplementation in build.gradle

The documentation is very confusing and vague. Here is what it states:

**Builder class**

&gt; A platonic widget that calls a closure to obtain its child widget.

Here are my questions:

1. What do they mean by &quot;platonic&quot;?
2. What do they mean by &quot;closure&quot;?
3. What exactly is the purpose of this class?


Can someone explain to me what the Builder Class does in Flutter?

I&#39;m attempting to build my first F# Android project in Visual Studio 2017 *(Community Edition)*.

Immediately after creating a new project by using the F# - Android - Blank App template, the error window in Visual Studio displays the following message:

&gt; The project Foo is missing Android SDKs required for building. Double-click on this message and follow the prompts to install them.

No amount of double-clicking on the message causes prompts to appear.

I can&#39;t find an obvious place to download the Android SDK from:

The SDK manager that I remember from a while ago seems to have disappeared from the Android developer website.

I&#39;ve installed Android Studio, which seemed to download some Android SDKs, but Visual Studio still can&#39;t seem to find whatever it&#39;s looking for.

The project is missing Android SDKs required for building

Is there any way to generate an apk file from android app Bundle via terminal or using android studio? 

Generate Apk file from aab file (android app bundle)

When I run:

    $ flutter run

I&#39;m getting a prompt on my mobile device asking if I want to install the app on my device. I give yes, then nothing happens!

It&#39;s stuck here:

    Launching lib/main.dart on POCO F1 in debug mode...
    Initializing gradle...                                           1.5s
    Resolving dependencies...                                        9.2s
    Gradle task &#39;assembleDebug&#39;...                                  22.9s
    Built build\app\outputs\apk\debug\app-debug.apk.
    Installing build\app\outputs\apk\app.apk...                     14.9s

Then nothing.





Flutter stuck at Installing build\app\outputs\apk\app.apk

My android application using Kotlin is throwing this exception when I try to Run &#39;app&#39; in the emulator o in my cellphone. When I build my project it runs well, with no errors.

I am using: 

- SDK 28 (Android 9.0 (Pie))
- Gradle 5.1.1
- Gradle Plugin 3.5.0-alpha03
- Kotlin 1.3.10
- Java 1.8.0_151
- OSX 10.13.2


```
    org.gradle.internal.exceptions.LocationAwareException: buildOutput.apkData must not be null
    	at org.gradle.initialization.exception.DefaultExceptionAnalyser.transform(DefaultExceptionAnalyser.java:99)
    	at org.gradle.initialization.exception.DefaultExceptionAnalyser.collectFailures(DefaultExceptionAnalyser.java:65)
    	at org.gradle.initialization.exception.MultipleBuildFailuresExceptionAnalyser.transform(MultipleBuildFailuresExceptionAnalyser.java:39)
    	at org.gradle.initialization.exception.StackTraceSanitizingExceptionAnalyser.transform(StackTraceSanitizingExceptionAnalyser.java:29)
    	at org.gradle.initialization.DefaultGradleLauncher.finishBuild(DefaultGradleLauncher.java:194)
    	at org.gradle.initialization.DefaultGradleLauncher.finishBuild(DefaultGradleLauncher.java:141)
    	...
    Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: buildOutput.apkData must not be null
    	at com.android.build.gradle.internal.ide.EarlySyncBuildOutput$Companion$load$2.invoke(EarlySyncBuildOutput.kt:103)
    	at com.android.build.gradle.internal.ide.EarlySyncBuildOutput$Companion$load$2.invoke(EarlySyncBuildOutput.kt:67)
    	at kotlin.sequences.TransformingSequence$iterator$1.next(Sequences.kt:174)
    	at kotlin.sequences.SequencesKt___SequencesKt.toCollection(_Sequences.kt:691)
    	at kotlin.sequences.SequencesKt___SequencesKt.toMutableList(_Sequences.kt:721)
    	at kotlin.sequences.SequencesKt___SequencesKt.toList(_Sequences.kt:712)
    	...
```


Cause: buildOutput.apkData must not be null

Is there a way to build an apk for flutter in Android Studio?

I have seen this guideline: https://flutter.dev/docs/deployment/android  
But here flutter console is used to build apk.

How to build signed apk from Android Studio for Flutter

Background
--
My app ([**here**][1]) can search for APK files throughout the file system (not just of installed apps), showing information about each, allowing to delete, share, install...

As part of the scoped-storage feature on Android Q, Google announced that SAF (storage access framework) will replace the normal storage permissions. This means that even if you will try to use storage permissions, it will only grant to access to specific types of files for File and file-path to be used or completely be sandboxed (written about [**here**][2]).

This means that a lot of frameworks will need to rely on SAF instead of File and file-path.

The problem
--
One of them is [**packageManager.getPackageArchiveInfo**][3] , which given a file path, returns  [**PackageInfo**][4] , which I can get various information about:

1. name (on the current configuration) , AKA &quot;label&quot;, using `packageInfo.applicationInfo.loadLabel(packageManager)` . This is based on the current configuration of the device (locale, etc...)
2. package name , using `packageInfo.packageName`
3. version code , using `packageInfo.versionCode` or `packageInfo.longVersionCode` . 
4. version number , using `packageInfo.versionName`
5. app icon, using various ways, based on the current configuration (density etc... ) :

a. `BitmapFactory.decodeResource(packageManager.getResourcesForApplication(applicationInfo),packageInfo.applicationInfo.icon, bitmapOptions)`

b. if installed, `AppCompatResources.getDrawable(createPackageContext(packageInfo.packageName, 0),  packageInfo.applicationInfo.icon )`

c. `ResourcesCompat.getDrawable(packageManager.getResourcesForApplication(applicationInfo), packageInfo.applicationInfo.icon, null)`


There are a lot more that it returns you and a lot that are optional, but I think those are the basic details about APK files.

I hope Google will provide a good alternative for this (requested [here][5] and [**here**][6] ), because currently I can&#39;t find any good solution for it.

What I&#39;ve tried
--
It&#39;s quite easy to use the Uri that I get from SAF and have an InputStream from it :

    @TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.O)
    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)
        setSupportActionBar(toolbar)
        packageInstaller = packageManager.packageInstaller

        val intent = Intent(Intent.ACTION_OPEN_DOCUMENT)
        intent.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_OPENABLE)
        intent.type = &quot;application/vnd.android.package-archive&quot;
        startActivityForResult(intent, 1)
    }

    override fun onActivityResult(requestCode: Int, resultCode: Int, resultData: Intent?) {
        super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, resultData)
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT &gt;= Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP &amp;&amp; requestCode == 1 &amp;&amp; resultCode == Activity.RESULT_OK &amp;&amp; resultData != null) {
            val uri = resultData.data
            val isDocumentUri = DocumentFile.isDocumentUri(this, uri)
            if (!isDocumentUri)
               return
            val documentFile = DocumentFile.fromSingleUri(this, uri)
            val inputStream = contentResolver.openInputStream(uri)
            //TODO do something with what you got above, to parse it as APK file

But now you are stuck because all the framework I&#39;ve seen needs a File or file-path.

I&#39;ve tried to find any kind of alternative using the Android framework but I couldn&#39;t find any. Not only that, but all libraries I&#39;ve found don&#39;t offer such a thing either.

EDIT: found out that one of the libraries I&#39;ve looked at ([**here**][7]) - kinda has the option to parse APK file (including its resources) using just a stream, but :

1. The original code uses a file path (class is `ApkFile`), and it takes about x10 times more than normal parsing using the Android framework. The reason is probably that it parses everything possible, or close to it. Another way (class is `ByteArrayApkFile` ) to parse is by using a byte-array that includes the entire APK content. Very wasteful to read the entire file if you need just a small part of it. Plus it might take a lot of memory this way, and as I&#39;ve tested, indeed it can reach OOM because I have to put the entire APK content into a byte array.

2. I&#39;ve found out it sometimes fails to parse APK files that the framework can parse fine ([**here**][8]). Maybe it will soon be fixed.

3. I tried to extract just the basic parsing of the APK file, and it worked, but it&#39;s even worse in terms of speed ([**here**][9]). Took the code from one of the classes (called `AbstractApkFile`). So out of the file, I get just the manifest file which shouldn&#39;t take much memory, and I parse it alone using the library. Here:

        AsyncTask.execute {
            val packageInfo = packageManager.getPackageInfo(packageName, 0)
            val apkFilePath = packageInfo.applicationInfo.publicSourceDir
            // I&#39;m using the path only because it&#39;s easier this way, but in reality I will have a Uri or inputStream as the input, which is why I use FileInputStream to mimic it.
            val zipInputStream = ZipInputStream(FileInputStream(apkFilePath))
            while (true) {
                val zipEntry = zipInputStream.nextEntry ?: break
                if (zipEntry.name.contains(&quot;AndroidManifest.xml&quot;)) {
                    Log.d(&quot;AppLog&quot;, &quot;zipEntry:$zipEntry ${zipEntry.size}&quot;)
                    val bytes = zipInputStream.readBytes()
                    val xmlTranslator = XmlTranslator()
                    val resourceTable = ResourceTable()
                    val locale = Locale.getDefault()
                    val apkTranslator = ApkMetaTranslator(resourceTable, locale)
                    val xmlStreamer = CompositeXmlStreamer(xmlTranslator, apkTranslator)
                    val buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(bytes)
                    val binaryXmlParser = BinaryXmlParser(buffer, resourceTable)
                    binaryXmlParser.locale = locale
                    binaryXmlParser.xmlStreamer = xmlStreamer
                    binaryXmlParser.parse()
                    val apkMeta = apkTranslator.getApkMeta();
                    Log.d(&quot;AppLog&quot;, &quot;apkMeta:$apkMeta&quot;)
                    break
                }
            }
        }

So, for now, this is not a good solution, because of how slow it is, and because getting the app name and icon requires me to give the entire APK data, which could lead to OOM. That&#39;s unless maybe there is a way to optimize the library&#39;s code...


The questions
--
1. How can I get an APK information (at least the things I&#39;ve mentioned in the list) out of an InputStream of an APK file?

2. If there is no alternative on the normal framework, where can I find such a thing that will allow it? Is there any popular library that offers it for Android?

Note: Of course I could copy the InputStream to a file and then use it, but this is very inefficient as I will have to do it for every file that I find, and I waste space and time in doing so because the files already exist.

----

EDIT: after finding the workaround ([**here**][10]) to get very basic information about the APK via `getPackageArchiveInfo` (on `&quot;/proc/self/fd/&quot; + fileDescriptor.fd`) , I still can&#39;t find any way to get **app-label** and **app-icon**. Please, if anyone knows how to get those with SAW alone (no storage permission), let me know.

I&#39;ve set a new bounty about this, hoping someone will find some workaround for this as well.

----
I&#39;m putting a new bounty because of a new discovery I&#39;ve found: An app called &quot;[**Solid Explorer**][11]&quot; targets API 29, and yet using SAF it can still show APK information, including app name and icon.

That&#39;s even though in the beginning when it first targeted API 29, it didn&#39;t show any information about APK files, including the icon and the app name.

Trying out an app called &quot;[**Addons detector**][12]&quot;, I couldn&#39;t find any special library that this app uses for this purpose, which means it might be possible to do it using the normal framework, without very special tricks.

EDIT: about &quot;Solid Explorer&quot;, seems that they just use the special flag of &quot;requestLegacyExternalStorage&quot;, so they don&#39;t use SAF alone, but the normal framework instead.

So please, if anyone knows how to get app-name and app-icon using SAF alone (and can show it in a working sample), please let me know.

----
Edit: seems that the [APK-parser library][7] can get the app name fine and the icons, but for icons it has a few issues:

1. the qualifiers are [a bit wrong][13], and you need [to find][14] which is the best for your case.
2. For adaptive icon it [can get a PNG][15] instead of VectorDrawable.
2. For VectorDrawable, it gets [just the byte-array][16]. No idea how to convert it to a real VectorDrawable.


  [1]: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.lb.app_manager
  [2]: https://developer.android.com/preview/privacy/scoped-storage
  [3]: https://developer.android.com/reference/android/content/pm/PackageManager.html#getPackageArchiveInfo(java.lang.String,%20int)
  [4]: https://developer.android.com/reference/android/content/pm/PackageInfo
  [5]: https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/122201051
  [6]: https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/134766817
  [7]: https://github.com/hsiafan/apk-parser
  [8]: https://github.com/hsiafan/apk-parser/issues/99
  [9]: https://github.com/hsiafan/apk-parser/issues/97
  [10]: https://stackoverflow.com/a/57424828/878126
  [11]: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=pl.solidexplorer2&amp;hl=en
  [12]: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.denper.addonsdetector&amp;hl=en
  [13]: https://github.com/hsiafan/apk-parser/issues/110
  [14]: https://github.com/hsiafan/apk-parser/issues/107
  [15]: https://github.com/hsiafan/apk-parser/issues/108
  [16]: https://github.com/hsiafan/apk-parser/issues/109

How to get information of an APK file in the file system (not just installed ones) without using File or file-path?

I&#39;ve a problem with AAB when I need to change the app locale from within the app itself(i.e. have the language change setting inside the app), the issue is that the AAB gives me only my device languages resources, for example:

my device has English and French languages installed in it, so AAb gives me only the resources for English and French,

 but from within the app itself there is a choice to switch the language between English, French, and Indonesian, 

in that case, when changing the language to English or French everything is working perfectly, but when changing it to Indonesian, the app simply enters a crash loop as it keep looking for Indonesian language but it can&#39;t find.

The problem here is that even if I restarted the app, it enters the crash loop again as the app is still looking for the missing language resources, and here the only solution is to clear cash or reinstall which are the solutions that the normal user won&#39;t go through.

------------------------------------

Just to mention it, this is how I change the locale through the app:

        // get resources
        Resources res = context.getResources();
        // create the corresponding locale
        Locale locale = new Locale(language); // for example &quot;en&quot;
        // Change locale settings in the app.
        android.content.res.Configuration conf = res.getConfiguration();
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT &gt;= Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN_MR1) {
            conf.setLocale(locale);
            conf.setLayoutDirection(locale);
        } else {
            conf.locale = locale;
        }
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT &gt;= Build.VERSION_CODES.N) {
            context.getApplicationContext().createConfigurationContext(conf);
        }
        res.updateConfiguration(conf, null);

----------------------------------------

P.S. The app is working perfectly when build it as APK.

Android App Bundle with in-app locale change

Although [the docs][1] mentioned

&gt; If you haven&#39;t already done so, download bundletool from the GitHub
&gt; [repository][1].

However, the repo contains only a jar file. How do I install it so that I can run with the &#39;bundletool&#39; command just like the docs&#39; example?


  [1]: https://github.com/google/bundletool/releases

How do I install bundletool?

I have uploaded the Android App Bundle in Play console for Alpha testing but when I open the testing URL it is showing below dialog.

[![enter image description here][1]][1]


  [1]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/dDj34.png

How to Enable Internal App Sharing for Android?

I have created android build of my Flutter application.

Then I created an internal testing release. It is showing a warning 


&gt; This App Bundle contains native code, and you&#39;ve not uploaded debug
&gt; symbols. We recommend you upload a symbol file to make your crashes
&gt; and ANRs easier to analyze and debug. 

Basically what I had to do is add following to build.gradle file according to the link they show.


    android.buildTypes.release.ndk.debugSymbolLevel = { SYMBOL_TABLE | FULL }

I assume it is android/app/build.gradle they are talking about.


Not sure exactly where in that file I have to add this line.

Can someone point out where to add this line?

Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	0xAliHn	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - Android	keyboardsurfer	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 2 - Android	Ayoub Boumzebra	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 3 - Android	Dr. Parag C Shukla	View Answer on Stackoverflow

Difference between apk (.apk) and app bundle (.aab)

Android Problem Overview

Android Solutions

Solution 1 - Android

Solution 2 - Android

Solution 3 - Android

How to set the width and height of a button in Flutter?

Tensorflow 2.0 - AttributeError: module 'tensorflow' has no attribute 'Session'

Attributions