Yes you can. We do this kind of thing.

    [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Assembly)]
    public class MyCustomAttribute : Attribute {
        string someText;
        public MyCustomAttribute() : this(string.Empty) {}
        public MyCustomAttribute(string txt) { someText = txt; }
        ...
    }


To read use this kind of linq stmt.

    var attributes = assembly
        .GetCustomAttributes(typeof(MyCustomAttribute), false)
        .Cast&lt;MyCustomAttribute&gt;();


Yes, use AttributeTargets.Assembly:

    [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Assembly)]
    public class AssemblyAttribute : Attribute { ... }

iPhone web apps have four [configuration features][1] available (not including the HTML5 application cache) to configure how web pages behave when you save the web page to the home screen as a bookmark.

 1. You can specify the home page icon.
 2. You can specify a startup image that displays while the web page is loading.
 3. You can hide the browser UI.
 4. You can change the status bar color.

The four features work by adding tags to the &amp;lt;head&amp;gt; like this:

    &lt;link rel=&quot;apple-touch-icon&quot; href=&quot;/custom_icon.png&quot;/&gt;
    &lt;link rel=&quot;apple-touch-startup-image&quot; href=&quot;/startup.png&quot;&gt;
    &lt;meta name=&quot;apple-mobile-web-app-capable&quot; content=&quot;yes&quot; /&gt;
    &lt;meta name=&quot;apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style&quot; content=&quot;black&quot; /&gt;

Naturally, none of these &quot;apple-&quot; specific tags do anything in Android.  But is there any way to do something equivalent?  [At a minimum, I want users to be able to add my web page to their Android home screen (e.g. in Android 2.0) and have a pretty hi-res icon.]

  [1]: http://developer.apple.com/iphone/library/documentation/AppleApplications/Reference/SafariWebContent/ConfiguringWebApplications/ConfiguringWebApplications.html &quot;iPhone OS Reference Library: Configuring Web Applications&quot;

Configuring Android Web Applications

One thing that has always confused me is whether or not it&#39;s an okay time to use an IORef. Are there any guidelines that should be followed when deciding whether or not to use an IORef for a task? When is a good time to use the State monad over an IORef?

When is it OK to use an IORef?

I would like to know if I can define custom assembly attributes.  Existing attributes are defined in the following way:

    [assembly: AssemblyTitle(&quot;MyApplication&quot;)]  
    [assembly: AssemblyDescription(&quot;This application is a sample application.&quot;)]  
    [assembly: AssemblyCopyright(&quot;Copyright &#169; MyCompany 2009&quot;)]  


Is there a way I can do the following:

    [assembly: MyCustomAssemblyAttribute(&quot;Hello World! This is a custom attribute.&quot;)]



Custom Assembly Attributes

I would like to know if I can define custom assembly attributes. Existing attributes are defined in the following way:
<pre><code class="hljs language-csharp">[assembly: AssemblyTitle("MyApplication")] 
[assembly: AssemblyDescription("This application is a sample application.")] 
[assembly: AssemblyCopyright("Copyright © MyCompany 2009")] 
</code></pre>
Is there a way I can do the following:
<pre><code class="hljs language-csharp">[assembly: MyCustomAssemblyAttribute("Hello World! This is a custom attribute.")]
</code></pre>

How can I change the value of a number of keys in a dictionary.

I have the following dictionary :

    SortedDictionary&lt;int,SortedDictionary&lt;string,List&lt;string&gt;&gt;&gt;

I want to loop through this sorted dictionary and change the key to key+1 if the key value is greater than a certain amount.

How to modify key in a dictionary in C#

Can someone explain how the LINQ functions Where(..) and FindAll(..) differ? They both seem to do the same thing...

LINQ, Where() vs FindAll()

I work in a office which requires all connections to be made through a specific http proxy. I need to write a simple application to query some values from a webserver - it&#39;s easy if there were no proxy. How can I make the C# application proxy-aware? How can I make any sort of connection through a proxy?

C# Connecting Through Proxy

I am doing some unit tests and I want to know if there&#39;s any way to test if a list is ordered by a property of the objects it contains.

Right now I am doing it this way but I don&#39;t like it, I want a better way. Can somebody help me please?
    
    // (fill the list)
    List&lt;StudyFeedItem&gt; studyFeeds = 
        Feeds.GetStudyFeeds(2120, DateTime.Today.AddDays(-200), 20);   
    
    StudyFeedItem previous = studyFeeds.First();
            
    foreach (StudyFeedItem item in studyFeeds)
    {
        if (item != previous)
        {
            Assert.IsTrue(previous.Date &gt; item.Date);
        }

        previous = item;
    }

 


How to check if a list is ordered?

I&#39;m trying to resize an image while preserving the aspect ratio from the original image so the new image doesn&#39;t look squashed.

eg:

&gt; Convert a 150*100 image into a 150*150 image.  
&gt; The extra 50 pixels of the height need to be padded with a white background color.



This is the current code I am using. 

It works well for resizing but changing the aspect ratio of the original image squashes the new image.

    private void resizeImage(string path, string originalFilename, 
                             int width, int height)
        {
            Image image = Image.FromFile(path + originalFilename);

            System.Drawing.Image thumbnail = new Bitmap(width, height);
            System.Drawing.Graphics graphic = 
                         System.Drawing.Graphics.FromImage(thumbnail);

            graphic.InterpolationMode = InterpolationMode.HighQualityBicubic;
            graphic.SmoothingMode = SmoothingMode.HighQuality;
            graphic.PixelOffsetMode = PixelOffsetMode.HighQuality;
            graphic.CompositingQuality = CompositingQuality.HighQuality;

            graphic.DrawImage(image, 0, 0, width, height);

            System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageCodecInfo[] info =
                             ImageCodecInfo.GetImageEncoders();
            EncoderParameters encoderParameters;
            encoderParameters = new EncoderParameters(1);
            encoderParameters.Param[0] = new EncoderParameter(Encoder.Quality,
                             100L);            
            thumbnail.Save(path + width + &quot;.&quot; + originalFilename, info[1], 
                             encoderParameters);
        }

EDIT: I&#39;d like to have the image padded instead of cropped

c# Image resizing to different size while preserving aspect ratio

I&#39;m writing an application that takes user data and stores it locally for use later. The application will be started and stopped fairly often, and I&#39;d like to make it save/load the data on application start/end.

It&#39;d be fairly straightforward if I used flat files, as the data doesn&#39;t really need to be secured (it&#39;ll only be stored on this PC). The options I believe are thus:

 - Flat files
 - XML
 - SQL DB

Flat files require a bit more effort to maintain (no built in classes like with XML), however I haven&#39;t used XML before, and SQL seems like overkill for this relatively easy task.

Are there any other avenues worth exploring? If not, which of these is the best solution?


----------


Edit: To add a little more data to the problem, basically the only thing I&#39;d like to store is a Dictionary that looks like this

    Dictionary&lt;string, List&lt;Account&gt;&gt; 

where Account is another custom type.

Would I serialize the dict as the xmlroot, and then the Account type as attributes?


----------

Update 2:

So it&#39;s possible to serialize a dictionary. What makes it complicated is that the value for this dict is a generic itself, which is a list of complex data structures of type Account. Each Account is fairly simple, it&#39;s just a bunch of properties.

It is my understanding that the goal here is to try and end up with this:

    &lt;Username1&gt;
        &lt;Account1&gt;
            &lt;Data1&gt;data1&lt;/Data1&gt;
            &lt;Data2&gt;data2&lt;/Data2&gt;
        &lt;/Account1&gt;
    &lt;/Username1&gt;
    &lt;Username2&gt;
        &lt;Account1&gt;
            &lt;Data1&gt;data1&lt;/Data1&gt;
            &lt;Data2&gt;data2&lt;/Data2&gt;
        &lt;/Account1&gt;
        &lt;Account2&gt;
            &lt;Data1&gt;data1&lt;/Data1&gt;
            &lt;Data2&gt;data2&lt;/Data2&gt;
        &lt;/Account2&gt;
     &lt;/Username2&gt;


As you can see the heirachy is 

 - Username (string of dict) &gt; 
 - Account (each account in the List&lt;Account&gt;) &gt; 
 - Account data (ie class properties). 

Obtaining this layout from a `Dictionary&lt;Username, List&lt;Account&gt;&gt;` is the tricky bit, and the essence of this question.

There are plenty of &#39;how to&#39; responses here on serialisation, which is my fault since I didn&#39;t make it clearer early on, but now I&#39;m looking for a definite solution.


How to store data locally in .NET (C#)

 I have a following class :

    [DataContract]
    public class Pair&lt;TKey, TValue&gt; : INotifyPropertyChanged, IDisposable
    {
        public Pair(TKey key, TValue value)
        {
            Key = key;
            Value = value;
        }

        #region Properties
        [DataMember]
        public TKey Key
        {
            get
            { return m_key; }
            set
            {
                m_key = value;
                OnPropertyChanged(&quot;Key&quot;);
            }
        }
        [DataMember]
        public TValue Value
        {
            get { return m_value; }
            set
            {
                m_value = value;
                OnPropertyChanged(&quot;Value&quot;);
            }
        }
        #endregion

        #region Fields
        private TKey m_key;
        private TValue m_value;
        #endregion

        #region INotifyPropertyChanged Members

        public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;

        protected void OnPropertyChanged(string name)
        {
            PropertyChangedEventHandler handler = PropertyChanged;
            if (handler != null)
            {
                handler(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(name));
            }
        }

        #endregion

        #region IDisposable Members

        public void Dispose()
        { }

        #endregion
    }

Which I&#39;ve put in an ObservableCollection :

    ObservableCollection&lt;Pair&lt;ushort, string&gt;&gt; my_collection = 
        new ObservableCollection&lt;Pair&lt;ushort, string&gt;&gt;();

    my_collection.Add(new Pair(7, &quot;aaa&quot;));
    my_collection.Add(new Pair(3, &quot;xey&quot;));
    my_collection.Add(new Pair(6, &quot;fty&quot;));

Q : How do I sort it by key ?

How do I sort an observable collection?

I couldn&#39;t find enough information on `ConcurrentDictionary` types, so I thought I&#39;d ask about it here.

Currently, I use a `Dictionary` to hold all users that is accessed constantly by multiple threads (from a thread pool, so no exact amount of threads), and it has synchronized access.

I recently found out that there was a set of thread-safe collections in .NET 4.0, and it seems  to be very pleasing. I was wondering, what would be the &#39;more efficient and easier to manage&#39; option, as I have the option between having a normal `Dictionary` with synchronized access, or have a `ConcurrentDictionary` which is already thread-safe.

[Reference to .NET 4.0&#39;s `ConcurrentDictionary`][1]


  [1]: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd287191(VS.100).aspx

.NET - Dictionary locking vs. ConcurrentDictionary

I have the following code:

    HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url);
    request.Method = &quot;HEAD&quot;;
    request.Credentials = MyCredentialCache;

    try
    {
        request.GetResponse();
    }
    catch
    {
    }

How can I catch a specific 404 error? The WebExceptionStatus.ProtocolError can only detect that an error occurred, but not give the exact code of the error.

For example: 

    catch (WebException ex)
    {
        if (ex.Status != WebExceptionStatus.ProtocolError)
        {
            throw ex;
        }
    }

Is just not useful enough... the protocol exception could be 401, 503, 403, anything really.

How can I catch a 404?

I have a simple Windows Forms (C#, .NET 2.0) application, built with Visual Studio 2008.

I would like to support multiple UI languages, and using the &quot;Localizable&quot; property of the form, and culture-specific .resx files, the localization aspect works seamlessly and easily. Visual Studio automatically compiles the culture-specific resx files into satellite assemblies, so in my compiled application folder there are culture-specific subfolders containing these satellite assemblies.

I would like to have the application be deployed (copied into place) as a **single assembly**, and yet retain the ability to contain multiple sets of culture-specific resources.

Using [ILMerge][1] (or [ILRepack][2]), I can merge the satellite assemblies into the main executable assembly, but the standard .NET ResourceManager fallback mechanisms do not find the culture-specific resources that were compiled into the main assembly.

Interestingly, if I take my merged (executable) assembly and place copies of it into the culture-specific subfolders, then everything works! Similarly, I can see the main and culture-specific resources in the merged assemby when I use [Reflector][3] (or [ILSpy][4]). But copying the main assembly into culture-specific subfolders defeats the purpose of the merging anyway - I really need there to be just a single copy of the single assembly...

I&#39;m wondering **whether there is any way to hijack or influence the ResourceManager fallback mechanisms to look for the culture-specific resources in the same assembly rather than in the GAC and culture-named subfolders**. I see the fallback mechanism described in the following articles, but no clue as to how it would be modified: [BCL Team Blog Article on ResourceManager][5].

Does anyone have any idea? This seems to be a relatively frequent question online (for example, another question here on Stack Overflow: &quot;[ILMerge and localized resource assemblies][6]&quot;), but I have not found any authoritative answer anywhere.

----------

UPDATE 1: Basic Solution
------------------------

Following [casperOne&#39;s recommendation below][7], I was finally able to make this work.

I&#39;m putting the solution code here in the question because casperOne provided the only answer, I don&#39;t want to add my own.

I was able to get it to work by pulling the guts out of the Framework resource-finding fallback mechanisms implemented in the &quot;InternalGetResourceSet&quot; method and making our same-assembly search the **first** mechanism used. If the resource is not found in the current assembly, then we call the base method to initiate the default search mechanisms (thanks to @Wouter&#39;s comment below).

To do this, I derived the &quot;ComponentResourceManager&quot; class, and overrode just one method (and re-implemented a private framework method):

    class SingleAssemblyComponentResourceManager : 
        System.ComponentModel.ComponentResourceManager
    {
        private Type _contextTypeInfo;
        private CultureInfo _neutralResourcesCulture;
    
        public SingleAssemblyComponentResourceManager(Type t)
            : base(t)
        {
            _contextTypeInfo = t;
        }
    
        protected override ResourceSet InternalGetResourceSet(CultureInfo culture, 
            bool createIfNotExists, bool tryParents)
        {
            ResourceSet rs = (ResourceSet)this.ResourceSets[culture];
            if (rs == null)
            {
                Stream store = null;
                string resourceFileName = null;
    
                //lazy-load default language (without caring about duplicate assignment in race conditions, no harm done);
                if (this._neutralResourcesCulture == null)
                {
                    this._neutralResourcesCulture = 
                        GetNeutralResourcesLanguage(this.MainAssembly);
                }
    
                // if we&#39;re asking for the default language, then ask for the
                // invariant (non-specific) resources.
                if (_neutralResourcesCulture.Equals(culture))
                    culture = CultureInfo.InvariantCulture;
                resourceFileName = GetResourceFileName(culture);
    
                store = this.MainAssembly.GetManifestResourceStream(
                    this._contextTypeInfo, resourceFileName);
    
                //If we found the appropriate resources in the local assembly
                if (store != null)
                {
                    rs = new ResourceSet(store);
                    //save for later.
                    AddResourceSet(this.ResourceSets, culture, ref rs);
                }
                else
                {
                    rs = base.InternalGetResourceSet(culture, createIfNotExists, tryParents);
                }
            }
            return rs;
        }
    
        //private method in framework, had to be re-specified here.
        private static void AddResourceSet(Hashtable localResourceSets, 
            CultureInfo culture, ref ResourceSet rs)
        {
            lock (localResourceSets)
            {
                ResourceSet objA = (ResourceSet)localResourceSets[culture];
                if (objA != null)
                {
                    if (!object.Equals(objA, rs))
                    {
                        rs.Dispose();
                        rs = objA;
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    localResourceSets.Add(culture, rs);
                }
            }
        }
    }


To actually use this class, you need to replace the System.ComponentModel.ComponentResourceManager in the &quot;XXX.Designer.cs&quot; files created by Visual Studio - and you will need to do this every time you change the designed form - Visual Studio replaces that code automatically. (The problem was discussed in &quot;[Customize Windows Forms Designer to use MyResourceManager][8]&quot;, I did not find a more elegant solution - I use [fart.exe][9] in a pre-build step to auto-replace.)

----------

UPDATE 2: Another Practical Consideration - more than 2 languages
-----------------------------------------------------------------

At the time I reported the solution above, I was actually only supporting two languages, and ILMerge was doing a fine job of merging my satellite assembly into the final merged assembly.

Recently I started working on a similar project where there are *multiple* secondary languages, and therefore multiple satellite assemblies, and ILMerge was doing something very strange: Instead of merging the multiple satellite assemblies I had requested, it was merging the first satellite assembly in multiple times!

eg command-line:

    &quot;c:\Program Files\Microsoft\ILMerge\ILMerge.exe&quot; /t:exe /out:%1SomeFinalProg.exe %1InputProg.exe %1es\InputProg.resources.dll %1fr\InputProg.resources.dll

With that command-line, I was getting the following sets of resources in the merged assembly (observed with ILSpy decompiler):

    InputProg.resources
    InputProg.es.resources
    InputProg.es.resources &lt;-- Duplicated!

After some playing around, I ended up realizing this is just a bug in ILMerge when it encounters **multiple files with the same name** in a single command-line call. The solution is simply to merge each satellite assembly in a different command-line call:

    &quot;c:\Program Files\Microsoft\ILMerge\ILMerge.exe&quot; /t:exe /out:%1TempProg.exe %1InputProg.exe %1es\InputProg.resources.dll
    &quot;c:\Program Files\Microsoft\ILMerge\ILMerge.exe&quot; /t:exe /out:%1SomeFinalProg.exe %1TempProg.exe %1fr\InputProg.resources.dll

When I do this, the resulting resources in the final assembly are correct:

    InputProg.resources
    InputProg.es.resources
    InputProg.fr.resources

So finally, in case this helps clarify, here&#39;s a complete post-build batch file:

    &quot;%ProgramFiles%\Microsoft\ILMerge\ILMerge.exe&quot; /t:exe /out:%1TempProg.exe %1InputProg.exe %1es\InputProg.resources.dll 
    IF %ERRORLEVEL% NEQ 0 GOTO END
    
    &quot;%ProgramFiles%\Microsoft\ILMerge\ILMerge.exe&quot; /t:exe /out:%1SomeFinalProg.exe %1TempProg.exe %1fr\InputProg.resources.dll 
    IF %ERRORLEVEL% NEQ 0 GOTO END
    
    del %1InputProg.exe 
    del %1InputProg.pdb 
    del %1TempProg.exe 
    del %1TempProg.pdb 
    del %1es\*.* /Q 
    del %1fr\*.* /Q 
    :END

----------

UPDATE 3: ILRepack
------------------

Another quick note - One of the things that bothered me with ILMerge was that it is an additional proprietary Microsoft tool, not installed by default with Visual Studio, and therefore an extra dependency that makes it that little bit harder for a third party to get started with my open-source projects.

I recently discovered [ILRepack][10], an open-source (Apache 2.0) equivalent that so far works just as well for me (drop-in replacement), and can be freely distributed with your project sources.

----------

I hope this helps someone out there!


  [1]: http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?familyid=22914587-b4ad-4eae-87cf-b14ae6a939b0&amp;displaylang=en#Overview
  [2]: https://github.com/gluck/il-repack
  [3]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.NET_Reflector
  [4]: http://wiki.sharpdevelop.net/ILSpy.ashx
  [5]: http://blogs.msdn.com/bclteam/archive/2009/02/16/working-with-the-resourcemanager-kim-hamilton.aspx
  [6]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1613407/ilmerge-and-localized-resource-assembli
  [7]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1952638/single-assembly-multi-language-windows-forms-deployment-ilmerge-and-satellite-as/1955060#1955060
  [8]: http://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Forums/en/vsx/thread/c87c991d-78cf-4fa3-aa7d-c3531fddbe88
  [9]: http://sourceforge.net/projects/fart-it/
  [10]: https://github.com/gluck/il-repack

Single-assembly multi-language Windows Forms deployment (ILMerge and satellite assemblies / localization) - possible?

From the command line (or by any means really), how can I determine which [CLR][1] version a [.NET][2] assembly requires? 

I need to determine if an assembly requires 2.0 or 4.0 CLR version.

  [1]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Language_Runtime
  [2]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.NET_Framework


Determine framework (CLR) version of assembly

My projects are set up like this:

 - Project &quot;Definition&quot;
 - Project &quot;Implementation&quot;
 - Project &quot;Consumer&quot;

Project &quot;Consumer&quot; references both &quot;Definition&quot; and &quot;Implementation&quot;, but does not statically reference any types in &quot;Implementation&quot;.

When the application starts, Project &quot;Consumer&quot; calls a static method in &quot;Definition&quot;, which needs to find types in &quot;Implementation&quot;

Is there a way I can force any referenced assembly to be loaded into the App Domain without knowing the path or name, and preferably without having to use a full-fledged IOC framework?


Is there a way to force all referenced assemblies to be loaded into the app domain?

I have the following situation

Project A

     - Uses Castle Windsor v2.2
     - Uses Project B via WindsorContainer
Project B

     - Uses NHibernate
     - Uses Castle Windsor v2.1

In the bin folder of Project A I have the dll Castle.DynamicProxy2.dll v2.2 and NHibernate dlls. Now the problem is that NHibernate is dependent on Castle.DynamicProxy2.dll v2.1 which is not there. How do I resolve this situation.

Using different versions of the same assembly in the same folder

Two problems:

**1) Basic .NET Assembly Not Included in ILMerged Assembly**

I&#39;m having trouble using ILMerge in my post-build after upgrading from .NET 3.5/Visual Studio 2008 to .NET 4/Visual Studio 2010.  I have a Solution with several projects whose target framework is set to &quot;.NET Framework 4&quot;.  I use the following ILMerge command to merge the individual project DLLs into a single DLL:

    if not $(ConfigurationName) == Debug
      if exist &quot;C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft\ILMerge\ILMerge.exe&quot;
        &quot;C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft\ILMerge\ILMerge.exe&quot;
          /lib:&quot;C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v4.0.30319&quot;
          /lib:&quot;C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 10.0\Common7\IDE\PublicAssemblies&quot;
          /keyfile:&quot;$(SolutionDir)$(SolutionName).snk&quot;
          /targetplatform:v4
          /out:&quot;$(SolutionDir)bin\development\$(SolutionName).dll&quot;
          &quot;$(SolutionDir)Connection\$(OutDir)Connection.dll&quot;
          ...other project DLLs...
          /xmldocs 

If I leave off specifying the location of the .NET 4 framework directory, I get an &quot;Unresolved assembly reference not allowed: System&quot; error from ILMerge.  If I leave off specifying the location of the MSTest directory, I get an &quot;Unresolved assembly reference not allowed: Microsoft.VisualStudio.QualityTools.UnitTestFramework&quot; error.

The ILMerge command above works and produces a DLL.  When I reference that DLL in another .NET 4 C# project, however, and try to use code within it, I get the following warning:

&gt; The primary reference &quot;MyILMergedDLL&quot; could not be resolved because it has an indirect dependency on the .NET Framework assembly &quot;mscorlib, Version=4.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089&quot; which has a higher version &quot;4.0.65535.65535&quot; than the version &quot;4.0.0.0&quot; in the current target framework.

If I then remove the `/targetplatform:v4` flag and try to use MyILMergedDLL.dll, I get the following error:

&gt; The type &#39;System.Xml.Serialization.IXmlSerializable&#39; is defined in an assembly that is not referenced. You must add a reference to assembly &#39;System.Xml, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089&#39;.

It doesn&#39;t seem like I should have to do that.  Whoever uses my MyILMergedDLL.dll API should not have to add references to whatever libraries it references.  How can I get around this?

**2) TypeLoadException Only When Using Merged Assembly**

**Edit:** beyond this, even if I do add a reference to `System.Xml` in the consumer project that uses MyILMergedDLL.dll, making use of some code in MyILMergedDLL.dll gives this exception:

&gt; System.TypeLoadException: Could not load type &#39;System.Func`2&#39; from assembly &#39;MyILMergedDLL, Version=1.0.1.1, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=...&#39;.

This is the code in my consumer project; the line that caused the `TypeLoadException` is the second one:

    var keys = new[] {&quot;a&quot;, &quot;b&quot;, &quot;c&quot;};
    var row = new Row(keys);

The particular `Row` constructor that throws the `TypeLoadException` is defined in a public class in `MyILMergedDLL`, and when I use this constructor when referencing the individual project DLLs, it works fine.  It is only when I use this constructor when referencing the IL-merged DLL that I get the exception.  I don&#39;t know what&#39;s going on.

Here&#39;s that constructor:

    public Row(IEnumerable&lt;string&gt; keys) : base(keys) { }

And the `base` to which it is referring has this code:

    foreach (string key in keys.Where(
        key =&gt; !string.IsNullOrEmpty(key)
    ))
    {
        _dic.Add(key, string.Empty);
    }

using ILMerge with .NET 4 libraries

I am throwing together a quick C# win forms app to help resolve a repetitive clerical job.

I have performed a search in AD for all user accounts and am adding them to a list view with check boxes.

I would like to default the listviewitems&#39; default check state to depend upon the enabled/disabled state of the account.

    string path = &quot;LDAP://dc=example,dc=local&quot;;
    DirectoryEntry directoryRoot = new DirectoryEntry(path);
    DirectorySearcher searcher = new DirectorySearcher(directoryRoot,
        &quot;(&amp;(objectClass=User)(objectCategory=Person))&quot;);
    SearchResultCollection results = searcher.FindAll();
    foreach (SearchResult result in results)
    {
        DirectoryEntry de = result.GetDirectoryEntry();
        ListViewItem lvi = new ListViewItem(
            (string)de.Properties[&quot;SAMAccountName&quot;][0]);
        // lvi.Checked = (bool) de.Properties[&quot;AccountEnabled&quot;]
        lvwUsers.Items.Add(lvi);
    }

I&#39;m struggling to find the right attribute to parse to get the state of the account from the DirectoryEntry object. I&#39;ve searched for [AD User attributes][1], but not found anything useful.

Can anyone offer any pointers?


  [1]: http://www.google.com/search?q=AD+User+attributes

How to determine if user account is enabled or disabled

Can I somehow disable rendering of root element of collection?

This class with serialization attributes:

    [XmlRoot(ElementName=&quot;SHOPITEM&quot;, Namespace=&quot;&quot;)]
    public class ShopItem
    {
        [XmlElement(&quot;PRODUCTNAME&quot;)]
        public string ProductName { get; set; }       
        
        [XmlArrayItem(&quot;VARIANT&quot;)]
        public List&lt;ShopItem&gt; Variants { get; set; }
    }

generates this XML:

```xml
&lt;SHOPITEM xmlns:xsi=&quot;http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance&quot; xmlns:xsd=&quot;http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema&quot;&gt;
      &lt;PRODUCTNAME&gt;test&lt;/PRODUCTNAME&gt;
      &lt;Variants&gt;
          &lt;VARIANT&gt;
              &lt;PRODUCTNAME&gt;hi 1&lt;/PRODUCTNAME&gt;
          &lt;/VARIANT&gt;
          &lt;VARIANT&gt;
              &lt;PRODUCTNAME&gt;hi 2&lt;/PRODUCTNAME&gt;
          &lt;/VARIANT&gt;           
      &lt;/Variants&gt;        
&lt;/SHOPITEM&gt;
```

I don&#39;t want `&lt;Variants&gt;` element here. What must I do?

Also I don&#39;t need xsi and xsd namespaces in root element...


XML Serialization - Disable rendering root element of array

I want to put all attributes in a Html element into an array:
like i have a jQuery Object, whichs html looks like this:
    
    &lt;span name=&quot;test&quot; message=&quot;test2&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;

now one way is to use the xml parser described [here][1], but then i need to know how to get the html code of my object.

the other way is to make it with jquery, but how?
the number of attributes and the names are generic.

Thanks

Btw: I can&#39;t access the element with document.getelementbyid or something similar.


  [1]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1705504/javascript-jquery-how-do-i-get-an-array-of-all-attributes-in-an-xml-element

Get all Attributes from a HTML element with Javascript/jQuery

It&#39;s been [discussed before on Stack Overflow][1] that we should prefer attributes to [marker interfaces][wikipedia] (interfaces without any members). [Interface Design article on MSDN][2] asserts this recommendation too:

&gt; ### Avoid using marker interfaces (interfaces with no members).  
&gt; Custom attributes provide a way to mark a type. For more information about custom attributes, see Writing Custom Attributes. Custom attributes are preferred when you can defer checking for the attribute until the code is executing. If your scenario requires compile-time checking, you cannot comply with this guideline.


There&#39;s even an [FxCop rule][fxcop] to enforce this recommendation:

&gt; ### Avoid empty interfaces
&gt; Interfaces define members that provide a behavior or usage contract. The functionality described by the interface can be adopted by any type, regardless of where the type appears in the inheritance hierarchy. A type implements an interface by providing implementations for the interface&#39;s members. An empty interface does not define any members, and as such, does not define a contract that can be implemented.  
&gt;
&gt;If your design includes empty interfaces that types are expected to implement, you are probably using an interface as a marker, or a way of identifying a group of types. If this identification will occur at runtime, the correct way to accomplish this is to use a custom attribute. Use the presence or absence of the attribute, or the attribute&#39;s properties, to identify the target types. If the identification must occur at compile time, then using an empty interface is acceptable.


The article states only one reason that you might ignore the warning: when you need compile time identification for types. (This is consistent with the Interface Design article).
&gt; It is safe to exclude a warning from this rule if the interface is used to identify a set of types at compile-time.


Here comes the actual question: Microsoft didn&#39;t conform to their own recommendation in the design of the Framework Class Library (at least in a couple cases): [IRequiresSessionState interface][3] and [IReadOnlySessionState interface][4]. These interfaces are used by the ASP.NET framework to check whether it should enable session state for a specific handler or not. Obviously, it&#39;s not used for compile time identification of types. Why they didn&#39;t do that? I can think of two potential reasons:

1. Micro-optimization: Checking whether an object implements an interface (`obj is IReadOnlySessionState`) is faster than using reflection to check for an attribute (`type.IsDefined(typeof(SessionStateAttribute), true)`). The difference is negligible most of the time but it might actually matter for a performance-critical code path in the ASP.NET runtime. However, there are workarounds they could have used like caching the result for each handler type. The interesting thing is that ASMX Web services (which are subject to similar performance characteristics) actually use the [`EnableSession` property][5] of the [`WebMethod` attribute][6] for this purpose. 

2. Implementing interfaces are potentially more likely to be supported than decorating types with attributes by third-party .NET languages. Since ASP.NET is designed to be language agnostic, and ASP.NET generates code for types (possibly in a third-party language with the help of [CodeDom][7]) that implement the said interfaces based on the `EnableSessionState` attribute of the [`&lt;%@ Page %&gt;` directive][8], it might make more sense to use interfaces instead of attributes.

**What are the persuasive reasons to use marker interfaces instead of attributes?**

Is this simply a (premature?) optimization or a tiny mistake in the framework design? (Do they think [reflection is a &quot;big monster with red eyes&quot;][joke]?) Thoughts?

[wikipedia]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marker_interface_pattern
[1]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2063841/interfaces-or-attributes-for-tagging-classes
[2]: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms229022.aspx
[fxcop]: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms182128(VS.80).aspx
[3]: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.web.sessionstate.irequiressessionstate.aspx
[4]: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.web.sessionstate.ireadonlysessionstate.aspx
[5]: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.web.services.webmethodattribute.enablesession.aspx
[6]: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.web.services.webmethodattribute.aspx
[7]: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/y2k85ax6.aspx
[8]: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ydy4x04a.aspx
[joke]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2063841/interfaces-or-attributes-for-tagging-classes/2063856#2063856

Compelling Reasons to Use Marker Interfaces Instead of Attributes

I&#39;m creating a [custom attribute][1] in C# and I want to do different things based on whether the attribute is applied to a method versus a property.  At first I was going to do `new StackTrace().GetFrame(1).GetMethod()` in my custom attribute constructor to see what method called the attribute constructor, but now I&#39;m unsure what that will give me.  What if the attribute was applied to a property?  Would `GetMethod()` return a `MethodBase` instance for that property?  Is there a different way of getting the member to which an attribute was applied in C#?

    [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Method | AttributeTargets.Property,
        AllowMultiple = true)]
    public class MyCustomAttribute : Attribute

__Update:__  okay, I might have been asking the wrong question.  From within a custom attribute class, how do I get the member (or the class containing the member) to which my custom attribute was applied?  [Aaronaught][2] suggested against walking up the stack to find the class member to which my attribute was applied, but how else would I get this information from within the constructor of my attribute?

  [1]: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/sw480ze8(VS.80).aspx
  [2]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2168942/c-custom-attributes-how-to-get-the-member-type-to-which-an-attribute-was-appl/2169177#2169177

Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	Charlie Salts	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - C#	Preet Sangha	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 2 - C#	Lee	View Answer on Stackoverflow

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