Could not resolve placeholder in string value

I am trying to use properties from a .properties file, but it doesn't seem to work.

Here is my code:

@Service("ServiceFTP")
@Transactional
public class ServiceFTPImpl implements ServiceFTP {

@Value("${project.ftp.adresse}")
private String adresse;

@Value("${project.ftp.login}")
private String compte;

@Value("${project.ftp.password}")
private String motDePasse;

@Value("${project.ftp.root}")
private String ROOT;

[...]

}

This class uses @Value annotations to get the properties. It is also declared as a Spring Service and is linked to my infraContext.xml file :

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd">

<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:context-core.properties"/>

[...]

</beans>

Using context:property-placeholder, I link this file to my context-core.properties file :

project.ftp.adresse = localhost
project.ftp.login = anonymous
project.ftp.password =
project.ftp.root = /anonymous/

This does make sense, right ?

But when I try to launch my project, Tomcat throw this exception :

    ERROR [context.ContextLoader.initWebApplicationContext()] Context initialization failed
org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'ServiceFTP': Injection of autowired dependencies failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: private java.lang.String project.sins.service.impl.ServiceFTPImpl.adresse; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Could not resolve placeholder 'project.ftp.adresse' in string value "${project.ftp.adresse}"
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:287)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1106)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:517)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:456)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:294)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:225)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:291)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:193)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:607)
	at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:925)
	at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:472)
	at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:388)
	at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.initWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:293)
	at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener.contextInitialized(ContextLoaderListener.java:111)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.listenerStart(StandardContext.java:4887)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5381)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:901)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:877)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:633)
	at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDescriptor(HostConfig.java:657)
	at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig$DeployDescriptor.run(HostConfig.java:1636)
	at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:471)
	at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask$Sync.innerRun(FutureTask.java:334)
	at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:166)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:722)
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: private java.lang.String project.sins.service.impl.ServiceFTPImpl.adresse; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Could not resolve placeholder 'project.ftp.adresse' in string value "${project.ftp.adresse}"
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:513)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:92)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:284)
	... 27 more
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Could not resolve placeholder 'project.ftp.adresse' in string value "${project.ftp.adresse}"
	at org.springframework.util.PropertyPlaceholderHelper.parseStringValue(PropertyPlaceholderHelper.java:173)
	at org.springframework.util.PropertyPlaceholderHelper.replacePlaceholders(PropertyPlaceholderHelper.java:125)
	at org.springframework.core.env.AbstractPropertyResolver.doResolvePlaceholders(AbstractPropertyResolver.java:151)
	at org.springframework.core.env.AbstractPropertyResolver.resolveRequiredPlaceholders(AbstractPropertyResolver.java:142)
	at org.springframework.context.support.PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer$2.resolveStringValue(PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer.java:169)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.resolveEmbeddedValue(AbstractBeanFactory.java:748)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:740)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:730)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:485)
	... 29 more

Or, in short : java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Could not resolve placeholder 'project.ftp.adresse' in string value "${project.ftp.adresse}"

EDIT :

Here is my web.xml :

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
         id="sins" version="2.5">

    <display-name>Project</display-name>

    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.util.Log4jConfigListener</listener-class>
    </listener>

    <context-param>
        <param-name>log4jExposeWebAppRoot</param-name>
        <param-value>false</param-value>
    </context-param>

    <filter>
        <filter-name>ExpiresFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.apache.catalina.filters.ExpiresFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>ExpiresByType text/html</param-name>
            <param-value>now plus 0 seconds</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>ExpiresByType application/json</param-name>
            <param-value>now plus 0 seconds</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>

    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>ExpiresFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
        <dispatcher>REQUEST</dispatcher>
    </filter-mapping>

    <filter>
        <filter-name>EncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
            <param-value>true</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>EncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

    <filter>
        <filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy</filter-class>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

    <filter>
        <filter-name>Spring OpenEntityManagerInViewFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>
            org.springframework.orm.jpa.support.OpenEntityManagerInViewFilter
        </filter-class>
    </filter>

    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>Spring OpenEntityManagerInViewFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

    <filter>
        <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
    </filter>

    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

    <welcome-file-list>
        <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
    </welcome-file-list>

    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>

    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.apache.struts2.tiles.StrutsTilesListener</listener-class>
    </listener>

    <context-param>
        <param-name>
            org.apache.tiles.impl.BasicTilesContainer.DEFINITIONS_CONFIG
        </param-name>
        <param-value>
            /WEB-INF/tiles/user.xml
        </param-value>
    </context-param>

    <resource-ref>
        <res-ref-name>jdbc/si_nsg</res-ref-name>
        <res-type>javax.sql.DataSource</res-type>
        <res-auth>Container</res-auth>
    </resource-ref>

    <session-config>
        <session-timeout>60</session-timeout>
    </session-config>

</web-app>

My infraContext.xml is imported in another .xml file named applicationContext.xml :

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-3.1.xsd">

    <bean class="org.springframework.context.support.PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer">
        <property name="environment">
            <bean class="org.springframework.web.context.support.StandardServletEnvironment"/>
        </property>
    </bean>
        
    <import resource="classpath:securityContext.xml"/>

    [...]
    <import resource="classpath:project/sins/persistenceContext.xml"/>

    <import resource="classpath:project/sins/infraContext.xml"/>

</beans>

I am obviously missing something, but I can't figure out what.

Please let me know if you need more details, as it is my first question here, I'll try to answer as soon as I can :).

In your configuration you have 2 PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer instances.

applicationContext.xml

<bean class="org.springframework.context.support.PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer">
    <property name="environment">
        <bean class="org.springframework.web.context.support.StandardServletEnvironment"/>
    </property>
</bean>

infraContext.xml

<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:context-core.properties"/>

By default a PlaceholderConfigurer is going to fail-fast, so if a placeholder cannot be resolved it will throw an exception. The instance from the applicationContext.xml file has no properties and as such will fail on all placeholders.

Solution: Remove the one from applicationContext.xml as it doesn't add anything it only breaks things.

I got same error in my Micro-service, whenever you declare @Value annotation in program i.e @Value("${project.api.key}")

make sure that your application.properties file with same values should not be blank project.api.key= add some values

MostIMP :otherwise it will throw error "Error creating bean with name 'ServiceFTP': Injection of autowired dependencies"

I had the same problem, resolved it by adding

<filtering>true</filtering> 

in pom.xml :

before (didn't work):

<build>
	<resources>
		<resource>
			<directory>src/main/resources</directory>				
		</resource>
	</resources>
</build>

after(it worked):

<build>
	<resources>
		<resource>
			<directory>src/main/resources</directory>
			<filtering>true</filtering>
		</resource>
	</resources>
</build>

After that you just run mvn clean install and deploy application.

You can also try default values. spring-value-annotation

Default values can be provided for properties that might not be defined. In this example the value “some default” will be injected:

@Value("${unknown.param:some default}")
private String someDefault;

If the same property is defined as a system property and in the properties file, then the system property would be applied.

I applied the same as Ben G and it worked for me. Try adding a space between $ and {

In my case, I was careless while merging the application.yml file, and I've unnecessary indented my properties to the right.

I've indented it like this:

spring:
    application:
       name: applicationName
............................
    myProperties:
       property1: property1value

While the code expected it to be like this:

spring:
    application:
        name: applicationName
.............................
myProperties:
    property1: property1value

This Issue occurs if the application is unable to access the some_file_name.properties file.Make sure that the properties file is placed under resources folder in spring.

Trouble shooting Steps

1: Add the properties file under the resource folder.

2: If you don't have a resource folder. Create one by navigating new by Right click on the project new > Source Folder, name it as resource and place your properties file under it.

For annotation based Implementation

Add @PropertySource(ignoreResourceNotFound = true, value = "classpath:some_file_name.properties")//Add it before using the place holder

Example:

Assignment1Controller.Java

@PropertySource(ignoreResourceNotFound = true, value = "classpath:assignment1.properties")
@RestController  
public class Assignment1Controller {
	
//	@Autowired
//	Assignment1Services assignment1Services;
	@Value("${app.title}")
    private String appTitle;
	 @RequestMapping(value = "/hello")  
		public String getValues() {
		  
		  return appTitle;
		 
		}  

}

assignment1.properties

app.title=Learning Spring

I had a similar issue in the spring boot application.

When you add a property configuration to the application.properties file in main application SCR directory, make sure you do the same for application.properties file under the test directory.

In my case I had the same issue on running from eclipse. Just did the following to resolve it: Right Click the Project --> Mavan --> Update Project.

And it worked!

With Spring Boot :

In the pom.xml

<build>
	<plugins>
		<plugin>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
			<configuration>
				<addResources>true</addResources>
			</configuration>
		</plugin>
	</plugins>
</build>

Example in class Java

@Configuration
@Slf4j
public class MyAppConfig {
    @Value("${foo}")
    private String foo;
    @Value("${bar}")
    private String bar;
    @Bean("foo")
    public String foo() {
        log.info("foo={}", foo);
        return foo;
    }
    @Bean("bar")
    public String bar() {
        log.info("bar={}", bar);
        return bar;
    }
    [ ... ]

In the properties files :

src/main/resources/application.properties

foo=all-env-foo

src/main/resources/application-rec.properties

bar=rec-bar

src/main/resources/application-prod.properties

bar=prod-bar

In the VM arguments of Application.java

-Dspring.profiles.active=[rec|prod]

Don't forget to run mvn command after modifying the properties !

mvn clean package -Dmaven.test.skip=true

In the log file for -Dspring.profiles.active=rec :

The following profiles are active: rec
foo=all-env-foo
bar=rec-bar

In the log file for -Dspring.profiles.active=prod :

The following profiles are active: prod
foo=all-env-foo
bar=prod-bar

In the log file for -Dspring.profiles.active=local :

Could not resolve placeholder 'bar' in value "${bar}"

Oups, I forget to create application-local.properties.

This error appears because the spring project doesn't read the file properties (bootstrap.yml or application.yml). In order to resolve this, you must add dependency in your pom.xml

   <dependency>
		<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-cloud-context</artifactId>
	</dependency>

I´m frequently running into this issue on some custom properties that could not be found using IntelliJ IDEA - likely after changing branches.

What helpes in my case is

> File -> Invalidate Caches / Restart

I had the assumption that it is more likely a Gradle caching issue than an IDE issue, but ./gradle clean did not help

Adding same properties into application.properties would be helpful.

I got the same error in my microservice project.The property itself missed in my yml file.So I added property name and value that resolves my problem

I just added the configuration of the property in my application.xml file for my test folder, just the same way it is in my SRC folder and it solved my problem.

My solution was to add a space between the $ and the {.

For example:

@Value("${project.ftp.adresse}")

becomes

@Value("$ {project.ftp.adresse}")