Copy map values to vector in STL
C++StlContainersC++ Problem Overview
Working my way through Effective STL at the moment. Item 5 suggests that it's usually preferable to use range member functions to their single element counterparts. I currently wish to copy all the values in a map (i.e. - I don't need the keys) to a vector.
What is the cleanest way to do this?
C++ Solutions
Solution 1 - C++
You could probably use std::transform
for that purpose. I would maybe prefer Neils version though, depending on what is more readable.
Example by xtofl (see comments):
#include <map>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
template< typename tPair >
struct second_t {
typename tPair::second_type operator()( const tPair& p ) const { return p.second; }
};
template< typename tMap >
second_t< typename tMap::value_type > second( const tMap& m ) { return second_t< typename tMap::value_type >(); }
int main() {
std::map<int,bool> m;
m[0]=true;
m[1]=false;
//...
std::vector<bool> v;
std::transform( m.begin(), m.end(), std::back_inserter( v ), second(m) );
std::transform( m.begin(), m.end(), std::ostream_iterator<bool>( std::cout, ";" ), second(m) );
}
Very generic, remember to give him credit if you find it useful.
Solution 2 - C++
You can't easily use a range here because the iterator you get from a map refers to a std::pair, where the iterators you would use to insert into a vector refers to an object of the type stored in the vector, which is (if you are discarding the key) not a pair.
I really don't think it gets much cleaner than the obvious:
#include <map>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main() {
typedef map <string, int> MapType;
MapType m;
vector <int> v;
// populate map somehow
for( MapType::iterator it = m.begin(); it != m.end(); ++it ) {
v.push_back( it->second );
}
}
which I would probably re-write as a template function if I was going to use it more than once. Something like:
template <typename M, typename V>
void MapToVec( const M & m, V & v ) {
for( typename M::const_iterator it = m.begin(); it != m.end(); ++it ) {
v.push_back( it->second );
}
}
Solution 3 - C++
With C++11 we have the fancy new for
loop:
for (const auto &s : schemas)
names.push_back(s.second);
where schemas
is a std::map
and names
is an std::vector
.
This populates the array (names
) with values from the map (schemas
); change s.second
to s.first
to get an array of keys.
Solution 4 - C++
#include <algorithm> // std::transform
#include <iterator> // std::back_inserter
std::transform(
your_map.begin(),
your_map.end(),
std::back_inserter(your_values_vector),
[](auto &kv){ return kv.second;}
);
Sorry that I didn't add any explanation - I thought that code is so simple that is doesn't require any explanation. So:
transform( beginInputRange, endInputRange, outputIterator, unaryOperation)
this function calls unaryOperation
on every item from inputIterator
range (beginInputRange
-endInputRange
). The value of operation is stored into outputIterator
.
If we want to operate through whole map - we use map.begin() and map.end() as our input range. We want to store our map values into vector - so we have to use back_inserter on our vector: back_inserter(your_values_vector)
. The back_inserter is special outputIterator that pushes new elements at the end of given (as paremeter) collection.
The last parameter is unaryOperation - it takes only one parameter - inputIterator's value. So we can use lambda:
[](auto &kv) { [...] }
, where &kv is just a reference to map item's pair
[](auto &kv) { return kv.second; }
I think this explains any doubts.
Solution 5 - C++
If you are using the boost libraries, you can use boost::bind to access the second value of the pair as follows:
#include <string>
#include <map>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <boost/bind.hpp>
int main()
{
typedef std::map<std::string, int> MapT;
typedef std::vector<int> VecT;
MapT map;
VecT vec;
map["one"] = 1;
map["two"] = 2;
map["three"] = 3;
map["four"] = 4;
map["five"] = 5;
std::transform( map.begin(), map.end(),
std::back_inserter(vec),
boost::bind(&MapT::value_type::second,_1) );
}
This solution is based on a post from Michael Goldshteyn on the boost mailing list.
Solution 6 - C++
Using lambdas one can perform the following:
{
std::map<std::string,int> m;
std::vector<int> v;
v.reserve(m.size());
std::for_each(m.begin(),m.end(),
[&v](const std::map<std::string,int>::value_type& p)
{ v.push_back(p.second); });
}
Solution 7 - C++
Here is what I would do.
Also I would use a template function to make the construction of select2nd easier.
#include <map>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <memory>
#include <string>
/*
* A class to extract the second part of a pair
*/
template<typename T>
struct select2nd
{
typename T::second_type operator()(T const& value) const
{return value.second;}
};
/*
* A utility template function to make the use of select2nd easy.
* Pass a map and it automatically creates a select2nd that utilizes the
* value type. This works nicely as the template functions can deduce the
* template parameters based on the function parameters.
*/
template<typename T>
select2nd<typename T::value_type> make_select2nd(T const& m)
{
return select2nd<typename T::value_type>();
}
int main()
{
std::map<int,std::string> m;
std::vector<std::string> v;
/*
* Please note: You must use std::back_inserter()
* As transform assumes the second range is as large as the first.
* Alternatively you could pre-populate the vector.
*
* Use make_select2nd() to make the function look nice.
* Alternatively you could use:
* select2nd<std::map<int,std::string>::value_type>()
*/
std::transform(m.begin(),m.end(),
std::back_inserter(v),
make_select2nd(m)
);
}
Solution 8 - C++
One way is to use functor:
template <class T1, class T2>
class CopyMapToVec
{
public:
CopyMapToVec(std::vector<T2>& aVec): mVec(aVec){}
bool operator () (const std::pair<T1,T2>& mapVal) const
{
mVec.push_back(mapVal.second);
return true;
}
private:
std::vector<T2>& mVec;
};
int main()
{
std::map<std::string, int> myMap;
myMap["test1"] = 1;
myMap["test2"] = 2;
std::vector<int> myVector;
//reserve the memory for vector
myVector.reserve(myMap.size());
//create the functor
CopyMapToVec<std::string, int> aConverter(myVector);
//call the functor
std::for_each(myMap.begin(), myMap.end(), aConverter);
}
Solution 9 - C++
I thought it should be
std::transform( map.begin(), map.end(),
std::back_inserter(vec),
boost::bind(&MapT::value_type::first,_1) );
Solution 10 - C++
Why not:
template<typename K, typename V>
std::vector<V> MapValuesAsVector(const std::map<K, V>& map)
{
std::vector<V> vec;
vec.reserve(map.size());
std::for_each(std::begin(map), std::end(map),
[&vec] (const std::map<K, V>::value_type& entry)
{
vec.push_back(entry.second);
});
return vec;
}
usage:
auto vec = MapValuesAsVector(anymap);
Solution 11 - C++
We should use the transform function from STL algorithm, the last parameter of transform function could be a function object, function pointer or a lambda function that convert item of map to item of vector. This case map have items have type pair
#include <algorithm> // for std::transform
#include <iterator> // for back_inserted
// Map of pair <int, string> need to convert to vector of string
std::map<int, std::string> mapExp = { {1, "first"}, {2, "second"}, {3, "third"}, {4,"fourth"} };
// vector of string to store the value type of map
std::vector<std::string> vValue;
// Convert function
std::transform(mapExp.begin(), mapExp.end(), std::back_inserter(vValue),
[](const std::pair<int, string> &mapItem)
{
return mapItem.second;
});
Solution 12 - C++
The other answers mention std::transform, and semantically it's the right choice. But in practice std::accumulate might fit better for this task, because:
- it allows adding const to the resulting vector;
- it just looks nicer, truly functional-style.
Example (using C++17 syntax):
#include <numeric> // for std::accumulate. Note that it's not in <algorithm> where std::transform is located, thanks to Anton Krug for pointing this out
auto map = std::map<int,bool>{};
map[0]=true;
map[1]=false;
const auto mapValues = std::accumulate(map.begin(), map.end(), std::vector<bool>(map.size()), [](auto& vector, const auto& mapEntry) {
vector.push_back(mapEntry.second);
return vector;
});
Solution 13 - C++
Surprised nobody has mentioned the most obvious solution, use the std::vector constructor.
template<typename K, typename V>
std::vector<std::pair<K,V>> mapToVector(const std::unordered_map<K,V> &map)
{
return std::vector<std::pair<K,V>>(map.begin(), map.end());
}