Specify the `default=` parameter &lt;sup&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://docs.python.org/library/json.html#json.dump&quot;&gt;doc&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/sup&gt;:

    json.dumps(c, default=lambda o: o.__dict__)

    json.dumps(c.__dict__)

That will give you a generic JSON object, if that&#39;s what you&#39;re going for.

Try using this package [python-jsonpickle][1]

&gt; Python library for serializing any arbitrary object graph into JSON. It can take almost any Python object and turn the object into JSON. Additionally, it can reconstitute the object back into Python.

  [1]: https://github.com/jsonpickle/jsonpickle

`json.dumps` expects a dictonary as a parameter. For an instance `c`, the attribute `c.__dict__` is a dictionary mapping  attribute  names to the corresponding objects.

I&#39;m building a Cocoa Touch Static Library. How should I decide whether to copy a header file as public, private, or project?

Xcode: Copy Headers: Public vs. Private vs. Project?

Are there any circumstances in which it is legitimate for a derived class to have a non-`virtual` destructor? A non-`virtual` destructor signifies that a class should not be used as a base-class. Will having a non-`virtual` destructor of a derived class act like a weak form of the Java `final` modifier?

I am especially interested in the case where the base class of the derived class has a `virtual` destructor.

Derived class with non-virtual destructor

&gt; **Possible Duplicate:**  
&gt; [Python serializable objects json](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1458450/python-serializable-objects-json)  

&lt;!-- End of automatically inserted text --&gt;

I need to know how to convert a dynamic python object into JSON.  The object must be able to have multiple levels object child objects.  For example:

&lt;!-- language: python --&gt;

    class C(): pass
    class D(): pass
    
    c = C()
    c.dynProperty1 = &quot;something&quot;
    c.dynProperty2 = { 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 }
    c.d = D()
    c.d.dynProperty3 = &quot;d.something&quot;
    
    # ... convert c to json ...

Using python 2.6 the following code:

&lt;!-- language: python --&gt;

    import json
     
    class C(): pass
    class D(): pass
     
    c = C()
    c.what = &quot;now?&quot;
    c.now = &quot;what?&quot;
    c.d = D()
    c.d.what = &quot;d.what&quot;
     
    json.dumps(c.__dict__)

yields the following error:

    TypeError: &lt;__main__.D instance at 0x99237ec&gt; is not JSON serializable

I don&#39;t know what types of subobjects a user might put into `c`.  Is there a solution that is smart enough to detect if an attribute is an object and parse it&#39;s `__dict__` automatically?

&lt;b&gt;UPDATED&lt;/b&gt; to include subobjects on `c`.

Convert dynamic python object to json

> Possible Duplicate: 
> <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1458450/python-serializable-objects-json" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Python serializable objects json</a>

I need to know how to convert a dynamic python object into JSON. The object must be able to have multiple levels object child objects. For example:

<pre><code class="hljs language-ini">class C(): pass
class D(): pass

c = C()
c.dynProperty1 = "something"
c.dynProperty2 = { 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 }
c.d = D()
c.d.dynProperty3 = "d.something"

# ... convert c to json ...
</code></pre>
Using python 2.6 the following code:

<pre><code class="hljs language-ini">import json
 
class C(): pass
class D(): pass
 
c = C()
c.what = "now?"
c.now = "what?"
c.d = D()
c.d.what = "d.what"
 
json.dumps(c.__dict__)
</code></pre>
yields the following error:
<pre><code class="hljs language-javascript">TypeError: &#x3C;__main__.D instance at 0x99237ec> is not JSON serializable
</code></pre>
I don't know what types of subobjects a user might put into <code>c</code>. Is there a solution that is smart enough to detect if an attribute is an object and parse it's <code>__dict__</code> automatically?
UPDATED to include subobjects on <code>c</code>.

Working in Python 2.7. I have a dictionary with team names as the keys and the amount of runs scored and allowed for each team as the value list:

    NL_East = {&#39;Phillies&#39;: [645, 469], &#39;Braves&#39;: [599, 548], &#39;Mets&#39;: [653, 672]}

I would like to be able to feed the dictionary into a function and iterate over each team (the keys).

Here&#39;s the code I&#39;m using. Right now, I can only go team by team. How would I iterate over each team and print the expected win_percentage for each team?

    def Pythag(league):
        runs_scored = float(league[&#39;Phillies&#39;][0])
        runs_allowed = float(league[&#39;Phillies&#39;][1])
        win_percentage = round((runs_scored**2)/((runs_scored**2)+(runs_allowed**2))*1000)
        print win_percentage

Thanks for any help.


Iterating Over Dictionary Key Values Corresponding to List in Python

If you read an entire file with `content = open(&#39;Path/to/file&#39;, &#39;r&#39;).read()` is the file handle left open until the script exits?  Is there a more concise method to read a whole file? 

Does reading an entire file leave the file handle open?

I have 3 tables: User, Community, community_members (for relationship many2many of users and community). 

I create this tables using Flask-SQLAlchemy:

    community_members = db.Table(&#39;community_members&#39;,
                    db.Column(&#39;user_id&#39;, db.Integer, db.ForeignKey(&#39;user.id&#39;)),
                    db.Column(&#39;community_id&#39;, db.Integer, db.ForeignKey(&#39;community.id&#39;)),
                    )


    class Community(db.Model):
        __tablename__ = &#39;community&#39;
    
        id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
        name = db.Column(db.String(100), nullable=False, unique=True)
        members = db.relationship(User, secondary=community_members,
                                backref=db.backref(&#39;community_members&#39;, lazy=&#39;dynamic&#39;))


Now I want add additional field to community_members like this:

    community_members = db.Table(&#39;community_members&#39;,
                    db.Column(&#39;id&#39;, db.Integer, primary_key=True),
                    db.Column(&#39;user_id&#39;, db.Integer, db.ForeignKey(&#39;user.id&#39;)),
                    db.Column(&#39;community_id&#39;, db.Integer, db.ForeignKey(&#39;community.id&#39;)),
                    db.Column(&#39;time_create&#39;, db.DateTime, nullable=False, default=func.now()),
                    )


And now in python shell I can do this:

create community:

    &gt; c = Community()
    &gt; c.name = &#39;c1&#39;
    &gt; db.session.add(c)
    &gt; db.session.commit()

add members to community:

    &gt; u1 = User.query.get(1)
    &gt; u2 = User.query.get(2)
    &gt; c.members.append(u1)
    &gt; c.members.append(u2)
    &gt; db.session.commit()

    &gt; c.members
    [&lt;User 1&gt;, &lt;User 2&gt;]


Ok, this works.

But how now I can get time_create of community_members table?

SQLAlchemy ManyToMany secondary table with additional fields

I have a directory, &#39;Dst Directory&#39;, which has files and folders in it and I have &#39;src Directory&#39; which also has files and folders in it. What I want to do is move the contents of &#39;src Directory&#39; to &#39;Dst Directory&#39; and overwrite anyfiles that exist with the same name. So for example &#39;Src Directory\\file.txt&#39; needs to be moved to &#39;Dst Directory\\&#39; and overwrite the existing file.txt. The same applies for some folders, moving a folder and merging the contents with the same folder in &#39;dst directory&#39;

I&#39;m currently using shutil.move to move the contents of src to dst but it won&#39;t do it if the files already exist and it won&#39;t merge folders; it&#39;ll just put the folder inside the existing folder.

Update: To make things a bit clearer, what I&#39;m doing is unzipping an archive to the Dst Directory and then moving the contents of Src Directory there and rezipping, effectively updating files in the zip archive. This will be repeated for adding new files or new versions of files etc which is why it needs to overwrite and merge

Solved: I solved my problem by using distutils.dir_util.copy_tree(src, dst), this copies the folders and files from src directory to dst directory and overwrites/merges where neccesary. Hope that helps some people!

Hope that makes sense,
thanks!

Python - Move and overwrite files and folders

I have a demo file: `test.py`.
In the Windows Console I can run the file with: `C:\&gt;test.py`

How can I execute the file in the Python Shell instead?



run program in Python shell

Long story short, one of my entities has a [GeometryCollection](http://www.vividsolutions.com/jts/javadoc/com/vividsolutions/jts/geom/GeometryCollection.html) that throws an exception when you call &quot;getBoundary&quot; (the why of this is another book, for now let&#39;s say this is the way it works). 

Is there a way I can tell Jackson not to include that specific getter? I know I can use @JacksonIgnore when I do own/control the code. But this is not case, jackson ends reaching this point through continuous serialization of the parent objects. I saw a filtering option in jackson documentation. Is that a plausible solution?

Thanks!



How can I tell jackson to ignore a property for which I don&#39;t have control over the source code?

I want to deserialize enumerations to their string representation and vice versa with json.net. The only way I could figure out to tell the framework to apply its `StringEnumConverter` is to annotate the properties in question like this:

    [JsonConverter(typeof(StringEnumConverter))]
    public virtual MyEnums MyEnum { get; set; }

However, in my use case, it would be much more convenient to configure json.net globally such that all enumerations get (de)serialized using the `StringEnumConverter`, without the need of extra annotations.

Is there any way to do so, e.g. with the help of custom `JsonSerializerSettings`?

How to tell Json.Net globally to apply the StringEnumConverter to all enums

Is it possible to print an objects contents e.g. methods and attributes in Node.js?

At the moment I&#39;m trying to print the session object and get the following:

    console.log(&quot;Session:&quot; + session);
    &gt; Session:[object Object]

Maybe in a similar way to print_r(array) in PHP, or using .toString in Java.



How do you log content of a JSON object in Node.js?

I&#39;m using a java class on http://json.org/javadoc/org/json/JSONObject.html.

The following is my code snippet:

    String jsonResult = UtilMethods.getJSON(this.jsonURL, null);
    json = new JSONObject(jsonResult);

`getJSON` returns the following string

    {&quot;LabelData&quot;:{&quot;slogan&quot;:&quot;AWAKEN YOUR SENSES&quot;,&quot;jobsearch&quot;:&quot;JOB SEARCH&quot;,&quot;contact&quot;:&quot;CONTACT&quot;,&quot;video&quot;:&quot;ENCHANTING BEACHSCAPES&quot;,&quot;createprofile&quot;:&quot;CREATE PROFILE&quot;}}

How do I get the value of &#39;slogan&#39;?

I tried all the methods listed on the page, but none of them worked.

JSONObject - How to get a value?

I would like for a user within my ruby on rails app to be able to submit a ticket to my external ticket management system, squishlist.com. They have an api and instructions as follows. You need to authenticate and get a token and then submit the ticket with the token. From squishlist. 

    # get the token
    
    https://api.squishlist.com/auth/?cfg=testcorp&amp;user_key=privatekey&amp;api_key=TEST-KEY-12345
      =&gt; {&quot;token&quot;: &quot;authtoken&quot;,
          &quot;expires&quot;: &quot;2010-06-16 13:31:56&quot;}
    
    # and then the ticket with the token
    
    https://api.squishlist.com/rest/?cfg=testcorp&amp;token=authtoken&amp;method=squish.issue.submit&amp;prj=demo
      POST data: {&#39;issue_type&#39;: 1, &#39;subject&#39;: &#39;Hello, world.&#39;, 4: &#39;Open&#39;, 5: 10}

For testing purposes, I created a controller, route and view (page) for testing. On my controller I have the following 


    require &#39;httparty&#39;
    require &#39;json&#39;
    
    class SubmitticketController &lt; ApplicationController

    	def submit_a_ticket
    		
    		@cfg = &#39;xxxsupport&#39;
    		@user_key = &#39;4787fsdbbfbfsdbhbfad5aba91129a3f1ed1b743321f7b&#39;
    		@api_key = &#39;MrUser411&#39;
    		@project = &#39;excelm-manoke&#39;
    		@url_new_string = &#39;https://api.squishlist.com/auth/?cfg=&#39;+@cfg+&#39;&amp;user_key=&#39;+@user_key+&#39;&amp;api_key=&#39;+@api_key
    		# https://api.squishlist.com/auth/?cfg=xxxsupport&amp;user_key=4787fsdbbfbfsdbhbfad5aba91129a3f1ed1b743321f7b&amp;api_key=MrUser411  - this is what is created by @url_new_string
    		response =  HTTParty.get(@url_new_string.to_str)  #submit the string to get the token
    		@parsed_and_a_hash = JSON.parse(response)
    		@token = @parsed_and_a_hash[&quot;token&quot;]
    		

    		#make a new string with the token

    		@urlstring_to_post = &#39;https://api.squishlist.com/rest/?cfg=&#39;+@cfg+&#39;&amp;token=&#39;+@token+&#39;&amp;method=squish.issue.submit&amp;prj=&#39;+@project

    		#submit and get a result
    		
    		@result = HTTParty.post(@urlstring_to_post.to_str, :body =&gt; {:subject =&gt; &#39;This is the screen name&#39;, :issue_type =&gt; &#39;Application Problem&#39;, :status =&gt; &#39;Open&#39;, :priority =&gt; &#39;Normal&#39;, :description =&gt; &#39;This is the description for the problem&#39;})
    		
    	end
    
    end

And then I have a page that I go to to see the result of the controllers actions and it has the following code. 

    &lt;p&gt;&lt;%= @result %&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

I know that it is working in general because of responses I have received along the way. My json is different from the example because of fields I have defined in squishlist. Can anyone help me out on this issue? 

I guess the real problem is that I can&#39;t really see what the json looks like and if it is even close to match. I really don&#39;t know much about json. Should I be using something that might be easy. Should I be using ajax to submit this. Any help is greatly appreciated. I love the community here. 




Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	Trevor	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - Python	phihag	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 2 - Python	Austin Marshall	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 3 - Python	funkotron	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 4 - Python	rocksportrocker	View Answer on Stackoverflow

Convert dynamic python object to json

Python Problem Overview

Python Solutions

Solution 1 - Python

Solution 2 - Python

Solution 3 - Python

Solution 4 - Python

Derived class with non-virtual destructor

Xcode: Copy Headers: Public vs. Private vs. Project?

Attributions