    System.Text.Encoding.ChooseYourEncoding.GetString(bytes).ToCharArray();

Substitute the right encoding above: e.g.

    System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetString(bytes).ToCharArray();

You must know the source encoding.

    string someText = &quot;The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.&quot;;
    byte[] bytes = Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes(someText);
    char[] chars = Encoding.Unicode.GetChars(bytes);



    byte[] a = new byte[50];
    
    char [] cArray= System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetString(a).ToCharArray();


From the URL thedixon posted

http://bytes.com/topic/c-sharp/answers/250261-byte-char

You cannot ToCharArray the byte without converting it to a string first.

To quote Jon Skeet there

&gt; There&#39;s no need for the copying here -
&gt; just use Encoding.GetChars. However,
&gt; there&#39;s no guarantee that ASCII is
&gt; going to be the appropriate encoding
&gt; to use.

After reading this blog entry : [http://wekeroad.com/post/4069048840/when-should-a-method-be-a-property][1],

I&#39;m wondering why Microsoft choose in C# :

    DateTime aDt = DateTime.Now;

instead of

    DateTime aDt = DateTime.Now();

- Best practices say : Use a method when calling the member twice in succession produces different results
- And &lt;code&gt;DateTime.Now&lt;/code&gt; is perfect example of non-determistic method/property.

Do you know if there any reason for that design ?&lt;br/&gt;
Or if it&#39;s just a small mistake ?


  [1]: https://web.archive.org/web/20110821003841/http://wekeroad.com:80/post/4069048840/when-should-a-method-be-a-property

Why is DateTime.Now a property and not a method?

This is the famous problem of &quot;ASCIIbetical&quot; order versus &quot;Natural&quot; order as applied to powershell. To be able to sort in powershell the same way as explorer does, you can use [this wrapper][1] over StrCmpLogicalW API, that actually performs the natural sorting for Windows Explorer. This will require some plumbing though.

However, [this article][2] suggests that there is a three liner implementation of the sort in python. One would hope that Get-ChildItem cmdlet or at least File System Provider can have built-in natural sorting option. Unfortunately, they do not.

So here is the question, what is simplest implementation of this in Powershell? By simple I mean the least amount of code to write, and possibly no third-party/external scripts/components. Ideally I want a *short* Powershell function that would do the sorting for me.


  [1]: http://www.codeproject.com/KB/recipes/csnsort.aspx
  [2]: http://www.codinghorror.com/blog/2007/12/sorting-for-humans-natural-sort-order.html

How to sort by file name the same way Windows Explorer does?

How do I convert a `byte` array to a `char` array in C#?

Convert byte[] to char[]

<p>How do I convert a <code>byte</code> array to a <code>char</code> array in C#?</p>


How can I *pull* (maybe *push* too) some folder from GitHub?

I mean I need API for .NET to access within C#, not GUI for git.

Is there some way to work with git using .NET application?

I&#39;ve got a short piece of code that originally created an **SqlDataAdapter** object over and over.

Trying to streamline my calls a little bit, I replaced the **SqlDataAdapter** with an **SqlCommand** and moved the **SqlConnection** outside of the loop.

Now, whenever I try to edit rows of data returned to my **DataTable**, I get a **ReadOnlyException** thrown that was not thrown before.

NOTE: I have a custom function that retrieves the employee&#39;s full name based on their ID. For simplicity here, I used &quot;John Doe&quot; in my example code below to demonstrate my point.

*ExampleQueryOld* works with the **SqlDataAdapter**; *ExampleQueryNew* fails with the **ReadOnlyException** whenever I try to write to an element of the **DataRow**:

 - *ExampleQueryOld*

This works and has no issues:

    public static DataTable ExampleQueryOld(string targetItem, string[] sqlQueryStrings) {
      DataTable bigTable = new DataTable();
      for (int i = 0; i &lt; sqlQueryStrings.Length; i++) {
        string sqlText = sqlQueryStrings[i];
        DataTable data = new DataTable(targetItem);
        using (SqlDataAdapter da = new SqlDataAdapter(sqlText, Global.Data.Connection)) {
          try {
            da.Fill(data);
          } catch (Exception err) {
            Global.LogError(_CODEFILE, err);
          }
        }
        int rowCount = data.Rows.Count;
        if (0 &lt; rowCount) {
          int index = data.Columns.IndexOf(GSTR.Employee);
          for (int j = 0; j &lt; rowCount; j++) {
            DataRow row = data.Rows[j];
            row[index] = &quot;John Doe&quot;; // This Version Works
          }
          bigTable.Merge(data);
        }
      }
      return bigTable;
    }

 - *ExampleQueryNew*

This example throws the ReadOnlyException:

    public static DataTable ExampleQueryNew(string targetItem, string[] sqlQueryStrings) {
      DataTable bigTable = new DataTable();
      using (SqlConnection conn = Global.Data.Connection) {
        for (int i = 0; i &lt; sqlQueryStrings.Length; i++) {
          string sqlText = sqlQueryStrings[i];
          using (SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(sqlText, conn)) {
            DataTable data = new DataTable(targetItem);
            try {
              if (cmd.Connection.State == ConnectionState.Closed) {
                cmd.Connection.Open();
              }
              using (SqlDataReader reader = cmd.ExecuteReader()) {
                data.Load(reader);
              }
            } catch (Exception err) {
              Global.LogError(_CODEFILE, err);
            } finally {
              if ((cmd.Connection.State &amp; ConnectionState.Open) != 0) {
                cmd.Connection.Close();
              }
            }
            int rowCount = data.Rows.Count;
            if (0 &lt; rowCount) {
              int index = data.Columns.IndexOf(GSTR.Employee);
              for (int j = 0; j &lt; rowCount; j++) {
                DataRow row = data.Rows[j];
                try {
                  // ReadOnlyException thrown below: &quot;Column &#39;index&#39;  is read only.&quot;
                  row[index] = &quot;John Doe&quot;;
                } catch (ReadOnlyException roErr) {
                  Console.WriteLine(roErr.Message);
                }
              }
              bigTable.Merge(data);
            }
          }
        }
      }
      return bigTable;
    }

Why can I write to the **DataRow** element in one case, but not in the other?

Is it because the **SqlConnection** is still open or is the **SqlDataAdapter** doing something behind the scene?

ReadOnlyException DataTable DataRow &quot;Column X is read only.&quot;

How does the [`ILookup&lt;key, value&gt;`][1] interface differ from [`IDictionary&lt;key, value&gt;`](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/s4ys34ea.aspx)?

I don&#39;t understand what the [`ILookup`][1] interface is meant for.


  [1]: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb534291.aspx

ILookup interface vs IDictionary

I am using Entity framework 4.1 in MVC 3 application. I have an entity where I have primary key consists of two columns ( composite key). And this is being used in another entity as foreign key. How to create the relationship ? In normal scnerios we use :

    public class Category
    {
        public string CategoryId { get; set; }
        public string Name { get; set; }
    
        public virtual ICollection&lt;Product&gt; Products { get; set; }
    }
    
    public class Product
    {
        public int ProductId { get; set; }
        public string Name { get; set; }
        public string CategoryId { get; set; }
    
        public virtual Category Category { get; set; }
    } 

but what if category has two columns key ?



composite key as foreign key

I have an array that contains several arrays and I would like to order the arrays based on a certain string within those arrays.

    var myArray = [
                    [1, &#39;alfred&#39;, &#39;...&#39;],
                    [23, &#39;berta&#39;, &#39;...&#39;],
                    [2, &#39;zimmermann&#39;, &#39;...&#39;],
                    [4, &#39;albert&#39;, &#39;...&#39;],
                  ];

How can I sort it by the name so that _albert_ comes first and _zimmermann_ comes last?

I know how I would do it if I could use the integer for sorting but the string leaves me clueless.


Thank for your help! :)

Sort an array with arrays in it by string

I have an PHP array that looks something like this: 

    Index              Key     Value
    [0]                1       Awaiting for Confirmation
    [1]                2       Assigned
    [2]                3       In Progress
    [3]                4       Completed
    [4]                5       Mark As Spam

When I var_dump the array values i get this:

    array(5) { [0]=&gt; array(2) { [&quot;key&quot;]=&gt; string(1) &quot;1&quot; [&quot;value&quot;]=&gt; string(25) &quot;Awaiting for Confirmation&quot; } [1]=&gt; array(2) { [&quot;key&quot;]=&gt; string(1) &quot;2&quot; [&quot;value&quot;]=&gt; string(9) &quot;Assigned&quot; } [2]=&gt; array(2) { [&quot;key&quot;]=&gt; string(1) &quot;3&quot; [&quot;value&quot;]=&gt; string(11) &quot;In Progress&quot; } [3]=&gt; array(2) { [&quot;key&quot;]=&gt; string(1) &quot;4&quot; [&quot;value&quot;]=&gt; string(9) &quot;Completed&quot; } [4]=&gt; array(2) { [&quot;key&quot;]=&gt; string(1) &quot;5&quot; [&quot;value&quot;]=&gt; string(12) &quot;Mark As Spam&quot; } }

I wanted to remove **Completed** and **Mark As Spam**. I know I can `unset[$array[3],$array[4])`, but the problem is that sometimes the index number can be different.

Is there a way to remove them by matching the value name instead of the key value?

PHP Remove elements from associative array

How can I search and find, for a given target value, the closest value in an array?

Let&#39;s say I have this exemplary array:

    array(0, 5, 10, 11, 12, 20)


For example, when I search with the target value 0, the function shall return 0; when I search with 3, it shall return 5; when I search with 14, it shall return 12.

Find a matching or closest value in an array

I have an array: 

    [13] =&gt; Array
            (
                [0] =&gt; joe
                [1] =&gt; 0
            
        [14] =&gt; Array
            (
                [0] =&gt; bob
                [1] =&gt; 0
            )
    
        [15] =&gt; Array
            (
                [0] =&gt; sue
                [1] =&gt; 0
            )
    
        [16] =&gt; Array
            (
                [0] =&gt; john
                [1] =&gt; 0
            )
    
        [17] =&gt; Array
            (
                [0] =&gt; harry
                [1] =&gt; 0
            )
    
        [18] =&gt; Array
            (
                [0] =&gt; larry
                [1] =&gt; 0
            )

How can I get the last 3 elements while preserving the keys? (the number of elements in the array may vary, so I cannot simply slice after the 2nd element)

So the output would be:

      [16] =&gt; Array
            (
                [0] =&gt; john
                [1] =&gt; 0
            )
    
        [17] =&gt; Array
            (
                [0] =&gt; harry
                [1] =&gt; 0
            )
    
        [18] =&gt; Array
            (
                [0] =&gt; larry
                [1] =&gt; 0
            )




PHP get the last 3 elements of an associative array while preserving the keys?

I have the following code:

    function lower_than_10($i) {
        return ($i &lt; 10);
    }

that I can use to filter an array like this:

    $arr = array(7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13);
    $new_arr = array_filter($arr, &#39;lower_than_10&#39;);

How can I add arguments to lower_than_10 so that it also accepts the number to check against? Like, if I have this:


    function lower_than($i, $num) {
        return ($i &lt; $num);
    }

how to call it from array_filter passing 10 to $num or whatever number?

PHP array_filter with arguments

I&#39; ve a Spring MVC bean and I would like to return turkish character by setting encoding UTF-8. but although my string is &quot;şŞğĞİı&#231;&#199;&#246;&#214;&#252;&#220;&quot; it returns as &quot;??????&#231;&#199;&#246;&#214;&#252;&#220;&quot;. and also when I look at the response page, which is internet explorer page, encoding is western european iso, not UTF-8.

Here is the code:


    	@RequestMapping(method=RequestMethod.GET,value=&quot;/GetMyList&quot;)
	public @ResponseBody String getMyList(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws CryptoException{
		String contentType= &quot;text/html;charset=UTF-8&quot;;
		response.setContentType(contentType);
		try {
			request.setCharacterEncoding(&quot;utf-8&quot;);
		} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		response.setCharacterEncoding(&quot;utf-8&quot;);		
		String str=&quot;şŞğĞİı&#231;&#199;&#246;&#214;&#252;&#220;&quot;;
		return str;
	}	



UTF-8 encoding problem in Spring MVC

I&#39;m writing a web application in Google app Engine. It allows people to basically edit html code that gets stored as an `.html` file in the blobstore.

I&#39;m using fetchData to return a `byte[]` of all the characters in the file. I&#39;m trying to print to an html &lt;textarea&gt; in order for the user to edit the html code. Everything works great!

Here&#39;s my only problem now:

The byte array is having some issues when converting back to a string. Smart quotes and a couple of characters are coming out looking funky. (?&#39;s or japanese symbols etc.) Specifically it&#39;s several bytes I&#39;m seeing that have negative values which are causing the problem.

The smart quotes are coming back as `-108` and `-109` in the byte array. Why is this and how can I decode the negative bytes to show the correct character encoding?

Converting byte array to String (Java)

At the moment I&#39;m trying to get started with Spring MVC. While trying things out I ran into an encoding issue. 

I want to display UTF-8 characters on my JSP-Pages so I added a String with UTF-8 characters to my ModelAndView. It looks like this:

    @Controller
    public class HomeController {
    
    	private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HomeController.class);
    
    	@RequestMapping(value=&quot;/&quot;, method=RequestMethod.GET)
    	public ModelAndView home() {
    		logger.info(&quot;Welcome home!&quot;);
    		return new ModelAndView(&quot;home&quot;, &quot;utftest&quot;, &quot;&#246;lm&quot;);
    	}
    	
    }

On the JSP page I just want to display the String with UTF-8 characters like this:

    &lt;%@ page language=&quot;java&quot; pageEncoding=&quot;UTF-8&quot;%&gt;
    &lt;%@ page contentType=&quot;text/html;charset=UTF-8&quot; %&gt;
    &lt;%@ taglib uri=&quot;http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core&quot; prefix=&quot;c&quot; %&gt;
    &lt;%@ page session=&quot;false&quot; %&gt;
    &lt;html&gt;
    &lt;head&gt;
    	&lt;meta http-equiv=&quot;Content-Type&quot; content=&quot;text/html; charset=utf-8&quot;&gt;
    	&lt;title&gt;Home&lt;/title&gt;
    &lt;/head&gt;
    &lt;body&gt;
    	&lt;h1&gt;Hello world!&lt;/h1&gt;
    	&lt;p&gt;&lt;c:out value=&quot;&#246;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
    	&lt;p&gt;&lt;c:out value=&quot;${utftest}&quot;&gt;&lt;/c:out&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;/body&gt;
    &lt;/html&gt;

As result I get following:

    Hello world!
    
    &#246;
    
    √∂lm

Note that following code `&lt;c:out value=&quot;&#246;&quot; /&gt;` was displayed without encoding error.
I also set the default encoding to UTF-8 in Springsource Tool Suite but I&#39;m still getting wrong characters.

**Edit:**

Maybe I should have mentioned that I&#39;m using a Mac with OS X 10.6. For Spring development I use the Springsource Tool Suite from Spring (http://www.springsource.com/developer/sts).
Hope this helps to find out what is wrong with my setting.

**Edit 2:**

Thanks to McDwell, I just tried out using `&quot;\u00f6lm&quot;` instead of `&quot;&#246;lm&quot;` in my controller and the encoding issue on the JSP page is gone. 

Does that mean my .java files are encoded with wrong character set? Where can I change this in Eclipse?

Thank you.

Spring MVC UTF-8 Encoding

I&#39;m pulling data out of a Google doc, processing it, and writing it to a file (that eventually I will paste into a Wordpress page).

It has some non-ASCII symbols. How can I convert these safely to symbols that can be used in HTML source? 

Currently I&#39;m converting everything to Unicode on the way in, joining it all together in a Python string, then doing: 

    import codecs
    f = codecs.open(&#39;out.txt&#39;, mode=&quot;w&quot;, encoding=&quot;iso-8859-1&quot;)
    f.write(all_html.encode(&quot;iso-8859-1&quot;, &quot;replace&quot;))

There is an encoding error on the last line: 

&gt; UnicodeDecodeError: &#39;ascii&#39; codec can&#39;t decode byte 0xa0 in position
&gt; 12286: ordinal not in range(128)

**Partial solution:**

This Python runs without an error:

    row = [unicode(x.strip()) if x is not None else u&#39;&#39; for x in row]
    all_html = row[0] + &quot;&lt;br/&gt;&quot; + row[1]
    f = open(&#39;out.txt&#39;, &#39;w&#39;)
    f.write(all_html.encode(&quot;utf-8&quot;))

But then if I open the actual text file, I see lots of symbols like:

    Qur‚&#196;&#244;an 

Maybe I need to write to something other than a text file? 

Writing Unicode text to a text file?

How can I convert entire MySQL database character-set to UTF-8 and collation to UTF-8?

How to convert an entire MySQL database characterset and collation to UTF-8?

How to convert string like `&#39;01-01-1970 00:03:44&#39;` to datetime?

Convert string to datetime

I would like to convert a character array to a byte array in Java.  What methods exists for making this conversion?

Converting char[] to byte[]

How can I convert a `String` to an `int`?

```
&quot;1234&quot;  →  1234
```


How do I convert a String to an int in Java?

What is the easiest way to convert from `int` to equivalent `string` in C++.  I am aware of two methods. Is there any easier way?

(1)

    int a = 10;
    char *intStr = itoa(a);
    string str = string(intStr);

(2)

    int a = 10;
    stringstream ss;
    ss &lt;&lt; a;
    string str = ss.str();


Easiest way to convert int to string in C++

I&#39;m having some issues taking audio data stored in a byte array, converting it to a big-endian short array, encoding it, then changing it back into a byte array. Here is what I have. The original audio data is stored in audioBytes2. I am using the same format for decode with a minus on the cos function instead. Unfortunately, changing the byte and short data types is non-negotiable.

        short[] audioData = null;
        int nlengthInSamples = audioBytes2.length / 2;
        audioData = new short[nlengthInSamples];
  
        for (int i = 0; i &lt; nlengthInSamples; i++) {
           short MSB = (short) audioBytes2[2*i+1];
           short LSB = (short) audioBytes2[2*i];
           audioData[i] = (short) (MSB &lt;&lt; 8 | (255 &amp; LSB));
        }
        
        int i = 0;
        while (i &lt; audioData.length) {
            audioData[i] = (short)(audioData[i] + (short)5*Math.cos(2*Math.PI*i/(((Number)EncodeBox.getValue()).intValue())));
            i++;
        }

        short x = 0;
        i = 0;
        while (i &lt; audioData.length) {
            x = audioData[i];
            audioBytes2[2*i+1] = (byte)(x &gt;&gt;&gt; 0);
            audioBytes2[2*i] = (byte)(x &gt;&gt;&gt; 8);
            i++;
        }

I have done everything that I can think of to make this work, but the closest I&#39;ve come is getting it to work every other encode/decode and I have no idea why. Thanks for any help.

Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	saikamesh	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - C#	spender	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 2 - C#	Brett	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 3 - C#	Ranhiru Jude Cooray	View Answer on Stackoverflow

Convert byte[] to char[]

C# Problem Overview

C# Solutions

Solution 1 - C#

Solution 2 - C#

Solution 3 - C#

How to sort by file name the same way Windows Explorer does?

Why is DateTime.Now a property and not a method?

Attributions