Can't install psycopg2 package through pip install on MacOS
PythonMacosPipPsycopg2Python Problem Overview
I am working on a project for one of my lectures and I need to download the package psycopg2 in order to work with the postgresql database in use. Unfortunately, when I try to pip install psycopg2 the following error pops up:
ld: library not found for -lssl
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
error: command '/usr/bin/clang' failed with exit status 1
ld: library not found for -lssl
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
error: command '/usr/bin/clang' failed with exit status 1
Does anyone know why this is happening? Thanks in advance!
Python Solutions
Solution 1 - Python
I fixed this by installing Command Line Tools
xcode-select --install
then installing openssl via Homebrew and manually linking my homebrew-installed openssl to pip:
env LDFLAGS="-I/usr/local/opt/openssl/include -L/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib" pip install psycopg2
on macOS Sierra 10.12.1
Solution 2 - Python
Try installing it with:
pip install psycopg2-binary
Solution 3 - Python
brew install postgresql
If postgresql exist then run:
brew upgrade postgresql
sudo pip install psycopg2
In venv:
env LDFLAGS='-L/usr/local/lib -L/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib -L/usr/local/opt/readline/lib' pip install psycopg2==2.8.4
If you need use only the command pip install psycopg2 export the path in macOSX:
export LDFLAGS="-I/usr/local/opt/openssl/include -L/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib"
Solution 4 - Python
I fixed it with:
brew reinstall openssl
export LIBRARY_PATH=$LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib/
Solution 5 - Python
Running into a similar problem using pipenv install psycopg2:
> ld: library not found for -lssl', ' clang: error: linker command
> failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)', " error:
> command 'clang' failed with exit status 1", '
> ----------------------------------------',
I tried all of the recommendations above and none of them worked. I'd faced this problem in another virtualenv a few months ago and remembered reading something about this being a psycopg2 version issue. So I tried installing with 2.7.1 and 2.8.3 and both still failed. Somehow version 2.7.7 worked:
pipenv install psycopg2==2.7.7
Wish I had time to look into this further to understand what's really happening. But for now I don't and this worked.
Solution 6 - Python
For Mac OS 11.06 BigSur M1 ship, installing under a pyenv
brew reinstall libpq
brew reinstall openssl
Or install if its not already the case
brew info libpq
brew info openssl
Combine the 2 exported output logically, from
> For compilers to find openssl@3 you may need to set: > > export LDFLAGS="-L/opt/homebrew/opt/openssl@3/lib" > > export CPPFLAGS="-I/opt/homebrew/opt/openssl@3/include"
> ... > export LDFLAGS="-L/opt/homebrew/opt/libpq/lib"
> export CPPFLAGS="-I/opt/homebrew/opt/libpq/include"
into
export LDFLAGS="-L/opt/homebrew/opt/libpq/lib -L/opt/homebrew/opt/openssl@3/lib"
export CPPFLAGS="-I/opt/homebrew/opt/libpq/include -I/opt/homebrew/opt/openssl@3/include"
Then you can reinstall psycopg2, forcing the recompile, otherwise you will have this problem at runtime
pip uninstall psycopg2
pip install psycopg2 --no-cache-dir
Solution 7 - Python
-
Install/update Xcode developer tools
xcode-select --install -
Query postgres path
find / -name pg_config 2>/dev/null -
Install psycopg2, use the path you got in step 2. Mine was '/usr/local/Cellar/postgresql/9.5.0/bin/pg_config'
PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/Cellar/postgresql/9.5.0/bin/ pip install psycopg2
Solution 8 - Python
Well, tons of different options didn't work for me, but finally!
First, try this:
brew reinstall openssl
At the end of the reinstallation process you will get basically the following lines within Caveats section, which I've put in the zshrc config file since I use macOS Big Sur (version 11.1) and zsh terminal.
Open zshrc or other config file specific to your system:
nano ~/.zshrc
Paste the following lines at the end (or change these commands accordingly to the Caveats you've got), just keep in mind that OpenSSL provided by Homebrew might conflict with the system's one (I've got a warning that macOS provides LibreSSL) but it worked well anyway:
export PATH="/opt/homebrew/opt/[email protected]/bin:$PATH"
export LDFLAGS="-L/opt/homebrew/opt/[email protected]/lib"
export CPPFLAGS="-I/opt/homebrew/opt/[email protected]/include"
Save the file and exit by pressing ^X and confirming with Yes.
Hopefully you can now install psycopg2:
pip3 install psycopg2-binary
I'm still not sure what was the root cause of the problem, it just appeared suddenly when I tried to reinstall pipenv for my project (maybe some recent system updates).
Solution 9 - Python
This works for me (on a terminal):
find / -name pg_config 2>/dev/null
then add the path:
export PATH=$PATH:/Applications/Postgres.app/Contents/Versions/9.5/bin/
os version: MacOs Sierra
I hope this helps.
Solution 10 - Python
It looks like the openssl package is not installed. Try installing it and pip install again. I'm not a macos user, but I believe that brew simplifies package management on that platform.
You might also need to install the Python development and postgresql development packages.
Solution 11 - Python
Old, but for folks using pipenv, I resolved this issue by looking at my dependency graph pipenv graph --reverse and noticing it required psycopg2-binary==2.8.2. Running pipenv install psycopg2-binary resolved the issue.
Solution 12 - Python
env LDFLAGS="-I/usr/local/opt/openssl/include -L/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib" \
brew upgrade openssl
Then I could install psycopg2
Solution 13 - Python
try this -->pip install psycopg2-binary
Solution 14 - Python
In case you don't want to faff around with brew, here's the "MacOS-only solution":
sudo installer -pkg /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Packages/macOS_SDK_headers_for_macOS_10.14.pkg -target /
After this, pip will gladly install psycopg2 from the source. Works with "Mojave" (macOS 10.14).
Solution 15 - Python
The only thing that worked for me was:
pip install psycopg2==2.7.7
Solution 16 - Python
Try installing:
pip install psycopg2-binary
it works
Solution 17 - Python
I ran into the same error on macOS Big Sur (11.5.1) and Python 3.9.6.
It turned out, the psycopg2 (as well as pandas) versions I was using were too old. The error disappeared and pip install started working fine after upgrading the above packages.
Ref: https://github.com/Azure/azure-cli/issues/12854#issuecomment-619213863
In general, if the solutions suggested here by others don't help, try upgrading the troubling python package.
Solution 18 - Python
As per current/todey condition - only solution for this is - uninstall your python 3.8 or 3.9 or so on and install ptyhon 3.7.4