AWS Lambda Scheduled Tasks

Amazon announced AWS Lambda (http://aws.amazon.com/lambda/).

The product description includes:

> Scheduled Tasks > > AWS Lambda functions can be triggered by external event timers, so > functions can be run during regularly scheduled maintenance times or > non-peak hours. For example, you can trigger an AWS Lambda function to > perform nightly archive cleanups during non-busy hours.

When I read this, I understood I could finally have a way to consistently do "cron-like" tasks. I want to run a specific query everyday at 5PM let's say.

However I do not find this anywhere in the documentation. They only mention triggers on programatical events, or events from other AWS services.

Did I misunderstand? Or can someone point me to the documentation?

Native Support for Scheduled Events added October 8, 2015:

As announced in this AWS blog post, scheduling is now supported as an event source type (also called triggers) called "CloudWatch Events - Schedule", and can be expressed as a rate or a cron expression.

Add Scheduled Event to a new lambda

Navigate to the 'Configure triggers' step of creation, and specify the 'CloudWatch Event - Schedule' trigger. Example configuration below:

Add Scheduled Event to an existing lambda

Navigate to the 'Triggers' tab of your lambda, select 'Add Trigger', and specify the 'CloudWatch Event - Schedule' trigger. Example screenshot where I have an existing lambda with an SNS trigger:

Once loaded, the UI to configure this trigger is identical to the screenshot in the above "Add Scheduled Event to a new lambda" section above.

Discussion

For your example case, you'll want to use cron() instead of rate(). Cron expressions in lambda require all fields and are expressed in UTC. So to run a function every day at 5pm (UTC), use the following cron expression:

cron(0 17 * * ? *)

Further Resources

• AWS Documentation - Schedule Expressions Using Rate or Cron
• AWS Documentation - Run an AWS Lambda Function on a Schedule Using the AWS CLI
• AWS Documentation - Tutorial: Using AWS Lambda with Scheduled Events
  • AWS has provided a sample "blueprint" that uses a cron expression called lambda-canary that can be selected during function creation from the AWS console.
  • This tutorial walks you through configuration of this blueprint.

Notes

• The name of this event type has changed from "Scheduled Event" to "CloudWatch Events - Schedule" since this feature was first released.

• Prior to the release of this feature, the recommended solution to this issue (per "Getting Started with AWS Lambda" at 42min 50secs) was to use SWF to create a timer, or to create a timer with an external application.

• The Lambda UI has been overhauled since the scheduled event blog post came out, and the screenshots within are no longer exact. See my updated screenshots above from 3/10/2017 for latest revisions.

Since the time of this post, there seems to have risen another solution: Schedule Recurring AWS Lambda Invocations With The Unreliable Town Clock (UTC) in which the author proposes subscribing to the SNS topic Unreliable Town Clock. I've used neither SWF nor SNS, but it seems to me that the SNS solution is simpler. Here's an excerpt from the article

> Unreliable Town Clock (UTC) > > The Unreliable Town Clock (UTC) is a new, free, public SNS Topic > (Amazon Simple Notification Service) that broadcasts a “chime” message > every quarter hour to all subscribers. It can send the chimes to AWS > Lambda functions, SQS queues, and email addresses. > > You can use the chime attributes to run your code every fifteen > minutes, or only run your code once an hour (e.g., when minute == > "00") or once a day (e.g., when hour == "00" and minute == "00") or > any other series of intervals. > > You can even subscribe a function you only want to run only once at a > specific time in the future: Have the function ignore all invocations > until it’s after the time it wants. When it is time, it can perform > its job, then unsubscribe itself from the SNS Topic. > > Connecting your code to the Unreliable Town Clock is fast and easy. No > application process or account creation is required

NEW SOLUTION: Lambda Scheduled Jobs

Werner Vogel has announced tonight (10/08) at re:Invent that AWS Lambda now has it's own scheduler.

Se the AWS Lambda release note on 2015-10-08 :

> You can also set up AWS Lambda to invoke your code on a regular, > scheduled basis using the AWS Lambda console. You can specify a fixed > rate (number of hours, days, or weeks) or you can specify a cron > expression. For an example, see Walkthrough 5: Using Lambda Functions > to Process Scheduled Events (Python).

---

OLD SOLUTION: Scheduling with AWS Data Pipeline

You can use AWS Data Pipeline to schedule a task with a given period. The action can be any command when you configure your Pipeline with the ShellCommandActivity.

You can for example run an AWS CLI command to:

• Put a message to SQS
• or directly invoke a Lambda function (see invoke)

---

You can easily create the AWS Data Pipeline scheduled task directly within AWS console (e.g. with an AWS CLI command) :

You can also use the API to define your scheduling:

{
 "pipelineId": "df-0937003356ZJEXAMPLE",
 "pipelineObjects": [
    {
      "id": "Schedule",
      "name": "Schedule",
      "fields": [
        { "key": "startDateTime", "stringValue": "2012-12-12T00:00:00" }, 
        { "key": "type", "stringValue": "Schedule" }, 
        { "key": "period", "stringValue": "1 hour" }, 
        { "key": "endDateTime", "stringValue": "2012-12-21T18:00:00"  }
       ]
     }, {
      "id": "DoSomething",
      "name": "DoSomething",
      "fields": [
        { "key": "type", "stringValue": "ShellCommandActivity" },
        { "key": "command", "stringValue": "echo hello" },
        { "key": "schedule", "refValue": "Schedule" }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

---

Limits: Minimum scheduling interval is 15 minutes.
Pricing: About $1.00 per month.

Here is how I do it:

• Create Lambda which:

  • purges given SQS
  • sends there message with delay 10 minutes
  • https://gist.github.com/mikeplavsky/5ffe7e33e0d70a248537

• Create CloudWatch Alarm for: ApproximateNumberOfMessagesVisible > 0 for 1 minute

• Subscribe SNS Topic to the Alarm

• Subscribe Lambda to SNS Topic

Now you have a timer with approximately 15 minutes resolution.

Then other Lambda functions are subscribed to SNS Topic and called every 15 minutes.

Since it is now easily possible to trigger lambda functions over HTTP (e.g. using GET or curl) a simple solution is to use a managed CRON like easycron: https://www.easycron.com/ to trigger your lambda function into running.

We had the same problem and ended up running a cron service on Google App Engine in python since this allowed for more flexibility and complexity in the CRON job itself.

In the Function page, Add trigger, you can add a CloudWatch Events, and make it as a schedule type

Run as cron in AWS

An example to setup cloudwatch schedule event trigger for you lambda using cloudformation.

  LambdaSchedule:
    Type: "AWS::Events::Rule"
    Properties:
      Description: A schedule for the Lambda function..
      ScheduleExpression: rate(5 minutes)
      State: ENABLED
      Targets:
        - Arn: !Sub ${LambdaFunction.Arn}
          Id: LambdaSchedule

  LambdaSchedulePermission:
    Type: "AWS::Lambda::Permission"
    Properties:
      Action: 'lambda:InvokeFunction'
      FunctionName: !Sub ${LambdaFunction.Arn}
      Principal: 'events.amazonaws.com'
      SourceArn: !Sub ${LambdaSchedule.Arn}

  LambdaFunction:
    Type: "AWS::Lambda::Function"
    Properties:
      Description: Scheduled lambda to run every 5 minutes
      CodeUri: ./build/package.zip
      Handler: index.lambda_handler
      MemorySize: 128
      Runtime: python3.6

You could schedule it with cloudWatch events too. Create rule -> attach target (lambda) and set up cron/rate wise schedule on your rule.

The web-console way is pretty straightforward. Just create a CloudWatch rule for the lambda and add it in the lambda's Triggers tab.

For those who needs to automate that with aws cli, we can

1. create the function,
2. create the rule,
3. grant the permission,
4. link rule and function

Create function

aws lambda create-function --function-name ${FUNCTION-NAME} \
--runtime java8 \
--role 'arn:aws:iam::${Account}:role/${ROLE}' \
--handler org.yourCompany.LambdaApp \
--code '{"S3Bucket":"yourBucket", "S3Key": "RC/yourapp.jar"}' \
--description 'check hive connection' \
--timeout 180 \
--memory-size 384 \
--publish \
--vpc-config '{"SubnetIds": ["subnet-1d2e3435", "subnet-0df4547a"], "SecurityGroupIds": ["sg-cb17b1ae", "sg-0e7ae277"]}' \
--environment Variables={springEnv=dev}

Create rules

## create
aws events put-rule --name ${ruleName} \
--schedule-expression 'rate(5 minutes)' \
--state ENABLED \
--description 'check hive connection'

# grant permission to the Rule to allow it to trigger the function
aws lambda add-permission --function-name ${functionName} \
--statement-id 123 \
--action 'lambda:InvokeFunction' \
--principal events.amazonaws.com \
--source-arn arn:aws:events:us-east-1:acc:rule/${ruleName}

# link rule and function
aws events put-targets --rule ${ruleName} \
--targets '[{"Id":"1", "Arn":"arn:aws:lambda:us-east-1:acc:function:RC-checkhive"}]'

simple way to run your query in lambda for particular time interval is to set rule for your lambda function. for that after creating lambda function go to cloudwatch>>rules>>schedule. and define cron expression and in the target section select lambda function which you want to trigger.

While creating the lambda function create trigger "CloudWatch Events - Schedule"

Now you can either use AWS presets in schedule expression like rate = 15 min or you can use a cron expression.

For your requirement the Cron Schedule is "0 0 17 1/1 * ? *"

Posted - 27 June 2021

You can schedule AWS Lambda functions using Amazon EventBridge Here I am using AWS Management Console

1. Select your Lambda function and in configuration select "Triggers"

2. Select EventBridge(CloudWatch Events) - Basically this is the latest version of one of the popular answers(using CloudWatch triggers).

3. Create a new rule - Add details. My lambda will be triggered at 4pm UTC everday.

Diksha is AWS Lambda Scheduler based on AWS SWF Trigger as recommended by AWS Team. One can schedule jobs using cron expressions and can also specify how many time you want to run, when to start or when to end. You can view status as well as history of scheduled jobs. Security is managed by AWS policies.

Once you set up diksha engine, you can schedule functions using cron expression in following way:

java -jar diksha-client-0.0.1.jar -lcfg cf1 -cj "jobName|functionName|context|0 0-59 * * * *|10"

In this job job will run every minute for 10 times. AWS SWF will trigger function by itself.

Details: https://github.com/milindparikh/diksha

Disclaimer: I am contributor to the project.