As described by [RFC 6068][1], mailto allows you to specify *subject* and *body*, as well as *cc* fields. For example:

    mailto:username@example.com?subject=Subject&amp;body=message%20goes%20here

User doesn&#39;t need to click a link if you [force it to be opened with JavaScript][2]

    window.location.href = &quot;mailto:user@example.com?subject=Subject&amp;body=message%20goes%20here&quot;;

Be aware that there is no single, standard way in which browsers/email clients handle mailto links (e.g. subject and body fields may be discarded without a warning). Also there is a risk that popup and ad blockers, anti-virus software etc. may silently block forced opening of mailto links.

  [1]: https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6068
  [2]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3868315/invoke-click-a-mailto-link-with-jquery-javascript


**JQuery:**

    $(function () {
          $(&#39;.SendEmail&#39;).click(function (event) {
            var email = &#39;sample@gmail.com&#39;;
            var subject = &#39;Test&#39;;
            var emailBody = &#39;Hi Sample,&#39;;
    		var attach = &#39;path&#39;;
            document.location = &quot;mailto:&quot;+email+&quot;?subject=&quot;+subject+&quot;&amp;body=&quot;+emailBody+
                &quot;?attach=&quot;+attach;
          });
        });
    
**HTML:**

     &lt;button class=&quot;SendEmail&quot;&gt;Send Email&lt;/button&gt;

Implemented this way without using Jquery:

    &lt;button class=&quot;emailReplyButton&quot; onClick=&quot;sendEmail(message)&quot;&gt;Reply&lt;/button&gt;

    sendEmail(message) {
        var email = message.emailId;
        var subject = message.subject;
        var emailBody = &#39;Hi &#39;+message.from;
        document.location = &quot;mailto:&quot;+email+&quot;?subject=&quot;+subject+&quot;&amp;body=&quot;+emailBody;
    }

**Try this:**
It will open the default mail directly.

    &lt;a href=&quot;mailto:demo@demo.com&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;ICON2.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;

So we had a case where we would have an object, where key is id (int) and the value is the string. But we noticed that most of the times, we look up id based on the string, so we decided to reverse it and make a string the key and the value is the id. Because that way instead of going through each item and compare values, we could just do `var id = storage[text];`. Below are the examples of what we did.

Here&#39;s the example of the old implementation:
    
    var storage = {
      0 : null,
      1 : &quot;Hello&quot;,
      2 : &quot;world!&quot;,
      3 : &quot;How are you?&quot;
    }

Here&#39;s the example of the new implementation:
    
    var storage = {
      &quot;null&quot; : 0,
      &quot;Hello&quot; : 1,
      &quot;world!&quot; : 2,
      &quot;How are you?&quot; : 3
    }

I understand that now the string is the key and it&#39;s ok to get the same id for the same strings. But since now the string can be potentially pretty huge (slim chance, but probably max 1KB per string), **is there a length limit JS or Android webview puts on the object keys?**

And also, does this implementation have disadvantages? I haven&#39;t noticed any issues so far, but you never know.

Is there a limit on length of the key (string) in JS object?

I am using IRB (interactive ruby console) to learn how to program with Ruby. How do I load a file into the console if I write my programs in a text editor first?



Ruby: How to load a file into interactive ruby console (IRB)?

I need to automatically open a user&#39;s default email client when they save some content on a page. I need to populate the email subject, to address, and put some content in the email body.

What is the best option to achieve this?

I&#39;m aware of the `mailto:` attribute, but the user must click on this and I&#39;m not sure it allows you to specifiy the subject and content?

Automatically open default email client and pre-populate content

I need to automatically open a user's default email client when they save some content on a page. I need to populate the email subject, to address, and put some content in the email body.
What is the best option to achieve this?
I'm aware of the <code>mailto:</code> attribute, but the user must click on this and I'm not sure it allows you to specifiy the subject and content?

I&#39;m trying to turn some regular buttons in radio buttons the twitter bootstrap way ([http://twitter.github.com/bootstrap/javascript.html#buttons][1]).

I followed the instructions, but when I press the buttons I get the following error in the console:

**Uncaught Error: cannot call methods on button prior to initialization; attempted to call method &#39;toggle&#39;** .

Do you know what might cause it? The buttons are loaded in the page and only become visible when the corresponding content is displayed by AJAX.

Thanks!

  [1]: http://twitter.github.com/bootstrap/javascript.html#buttons

Bootstrap radio-buttons toggle issue

I&#39;m trying to programmatically clear a drop down using the fantastic [Select2][1] library. The drop down is dynamically filled with a remote ajax call using the Select2 `query` option.

HTML:

    &lt;input id=&quot;remote&quot; type=&quot;hidden&quot; data-placeholder=&quot;Choose Something&quot; /&gt;

Javascript:

            var $remote = $(&#39;#remote&#39;);

            $remote.select2({
                allowClear: true,
                minimumInputLength: 2,
                query: function(options){
                    $.ajax({
                        dataType: &#39;json&#39;,
                        url: myURL + options.term,
                        error: function(jqXHR, textStatus, errorThrown){
                            smoke.alert(textStatus + &quot;: server returned error on parsing arguments starting with &quot; + options.term);
                        },
                        success: function(data, textStatus, jqXHR){
                            var results = [];
                            for(var i = 0; i &lt; data.length; ++i){
                                results.push({id: data[i].id, text: data[i].name});
                            }

                            options.callback({results: results, more: false});
                        }
                    });
                }
            });
            
Unfortunately, the call to `$remove.select2(&#39;val&#39;, &#39;&#39;)` throws the following exception:

     Uncaught Error: cannot call val() if initSelection() is not defined

I&#39;ve tried setting the `attr`, setting the `val`, `text` and the Select2 specific `data` function. Can&#39;t seem to make the guy clear and work in a radio button like manner. Anyone got suggestions?


  [1]: http://ivaynberg.github.com/select2/

Clear dropdown using jQuery Select2

I&#39;m using D3 to generate a bar chart (I adapted the code from [this example](http://bl.ocks.org/3885304)). The labels I&#39;m using on the *x*-axis are a couple of words long each, and since this makes all of the labels overlap I need to break these labels across lines. (It&#39;ll be fine if I can replace all of the spaces in each label with newlines.)

I originally tried this by replacing the spaces with literal newlines (`&amp;#xA;`) and setting `xml:space=&quot;preserve&quot;` on the labels&#39; `&lt;text&gt;` elements. Unfortunately, it turns out that SVG doesn&#39;t respect this property. Next I tried to wrap each word in a `&lt;tspan&gt;` that I could later style. I passed each label through this function:

    function (text) {
        return &#39;&lt;tspan&gt;&#39; + text.replace(/ /g, &#39;&lt;/tspan&gt;&lt;tspan&gt;&#39;) + &#39;&lt;/tspan&gt;&#39;;
    }

but this just puts literal `&lt;tspan&gt;`s into the output. How can I wrap my text labels in `tspan`s (or do something else) so that my labels don&#39;t overlap?

How do I include newlines in labels in D3 charts?

Now this isn&#39;t just another *What&#39;s the difference question*, I have [done some tests(http://jsfiddle.net/ZC3Lf/)][1] modifying the `prop` and `attr` of `&lt;form action=&quot;/test/&quot;&gt;&lt;/form&gt;​`  with the output being:

&gt; **1) prop Modification test**  
&gt; Prop: `http://fiddle.jshell.net/test/1`  
&gt; Attr: `http://fiddle.jshell.net/test/1`  
&gt;
&gt; **2) Attr Modification test**  
&gt; Prop: `http://fiddle.jshell.net/test/1`  
&gt; Attr: `/test/1`  
&gt; 
&gt; **3) Attr then Prop Modification test**  
&gt; Prop: `http://fiddle.jshell.net/test/11`  
&gt; Attr: `http://fiddle.jshell.net/test/11`  
&gt; 
&gt; **4) Prop then Attr Modification test**  
&gt; Prop: `http://fiddle.jshell.net/test/11`  
&gt; Attr: `http://fiddle.jshell.net/test/11`

Now I am confused about a couple of things, as far as my knowledge goes:  
**Prop:** The value in its current state after any modifications via JavaScript  
**Attr:** The value as it was defined in the html on page load.

Now if this is correct, 

* Why does modifying the `prop` seem to make the `action` fully qualified, and conversely why does modifying the attribute not?
* Why does modifying the `prop` in `1)` modify the attribute, that one makes no sense to me? 
* Why does modifying the `attr` in `2)` modify the property, are they meant to be linked that way?

&lt;hr /&gt;
Test Code
===
**HTML**  
    &lt;form action=&quot;/test/&quot;&gt;&lt;/form&gt;

**JavaScript**  

    var element = $(&#39;form&#39;);
    var property = &#39;action&#39;;
    
    /*You should not need to modify below this line */
    
    var body = $(&#39;body&#39;);
    var original = element.attr(property);
    
    body.append(&#39;&lt;h1&gt;Prop Modification test&lt;/h1&gt;&#39;);
    element.prop(property, element.prop(property) + 1);
    
    body.append(&#39;Prop: &#39;+element.prop(property)+&#39;&lt;br /&gt;&#39;);
    body.append(&#39;Attr: &#39;+element.attr(property)+&#39;&lt;hr /&gt;&#39;);
    
    //reset
    element.prop(property, original);
    element.attr(property, original);
    
    body.append(&#39;&lt;h1&gt;Attr Modification test&lt;/h1&gt;&#39;);
    element.attr(property, element.attr(property) + 1);
    
    body.append(&#39;Prop: &#39;+element.prop(property)+&#39;&lt;br /&gt;&#39;);
    body.append(&#39;Attr: &#39;+element.attr(property)+&#39;&lt;hr /&gt;&#39;);
    
    //reset
    element.prop(property, original);
    element.attr(property, original);
    
    body.append(&#39;&lt;h1&gt;Attr then Prop Modification test&lt;/h1&gt;&#39;);
    element.attr(property, element.attr(property) + 1);
    element.prop(property, element.prop(property) + 1);
    
    body.append(&#39;Prop: &#39;+element.prop(property)+&#39;&lt;br /&gt;&#39;);
    body.append(&#39;Attr: &#39;+element.attr(property)+&#39;&lt;hr /&gt;&#39;);
    
    //reset
    element.prop(property, original);
    element.attr(property, original);
    
    body.append(&#39;&lt;h1&gt;Prop then Attr Modification test&lt;/h1&gt;&#39;);
    element.prop(property, element.prop(property) + 1);
    element.attr(property, element.attr(property) + 1);
    
    body.append(&#39;Prop: &#39;+element.prop(property)+&#39;&lt;br /&gt;&#39;);
    body.append(&#39;Attr: &#39;+element.attr(property)+&#39;&lt;hr /&gt;&#39;);




  [1]: http://jsfiddle.net/ZC3Lf/


jQuery attr vs prop?

Apple&#39;s iPad Mini is a smaller clone of the iPad 2 in more ways than we&#39;d want. In JavaScript, the `window.navigator` object exposes the same values for the Mini and iPad 2. My tests so far to detect the difference have not lead to success.

Why is this important? 

As the iPad Mini and iPad 2 screens are identical in pixels but vary in actual size (inches / centimeters), they vary in [PPI][1] (pixels per inch).

For web applications and games to offer a friendly user interface, certain elements are adjusted in size relative to a user&#39;s thumb or finger position, thus, we may want to scale certain images or buttons to provide for that better user experience.

Things I have tried so far (including some pretty obvious approaches):

 - `window.devicepixelratio`
 - CSS element width in cm unit
 - CSS media queries (such as `resolution` and `-webkit-device-pixel-ratio`)
 - SVG drawings in similar units
 - Doing all sorts of CSS webkit transforms for a set time and counting rendered frames with `requestAnimFrame` (I was hoping to detect a measurable difference)

I&#39;m fresh out of ideas. How about you?

**Update**
Thanks for the responses so far. I would like to comment on people voting against detecting iPad mini versus 2 as Apple has uhm, one guideline to rule them all. Okay, here&#39;s my reasoning why I feel it really makes all sense in the world to know if a person is using an iPad mini or a 2. And do with my reasoning what you like.

The iPad mini is not only a much smaller device (9.7 inch versus 7.9 inch), but its form factor allows for a different usage. The iPad 2 is usually held with two hands when gaming unless you&#39;re [Chuck Norris][2]. The mini is smaller, but it is also much lighter and allows for gameplay where you hold it in one hand and use another to swipe or tap or whatnot. As a game designer and developer myself, I&#39;d just like to **know** if it&#39;s a mini so I can choose to provide the player with a different controlscheme if I want (for instance after A/B testing with a group of players). 

Why? Well, it&#39;s a proven fact that the majority of users tend to go with the default settings, so leaving out a virtual thumbstick and putting some other tap-based control on the screen (just giving an arbitrary example here) when the player loads up the game for the first time is what I, and probably other game designers, would love to **be able to** do.

So IMHO this goes beyond the thick fingers / guidelines discussions and is just something Apple and all other vendors ought to do: allow us to uniquely identify your device and **think different** instead of **following** guidelines.

  [1]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pixel_density
  [2]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuck_Norris_facts


Detect iPad Mini in HTML5

I would like to insert a line break into my mailto body.
I tried %0A, %0D and %0D%0A. Nothing worked for me. 
I tested on Gmail, Yahoo, Apple Mail, Outlook 2010, Outlook.com and Thunderbird with Google Chrome on Mac OSX.

Any help please ?

Here&#39;s my code :

    &lt;a href=&quot;mailto:email@mycompany.com?subject=Subscribe&amp;body=Lastame%20%3A%0D%0A%20Firstname%20%3A&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;Subscribe&quot; class=&quot;center&quot; height=&quot;50&quot; src=&quot;subscribe.png&quot; style=&quot;width: 137px; height: 50px; color: #4da6f7; font-size: 20px; display: block;&quot; width=&quot;137&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;

Insert a line break in mailto body

I show email on my website as following 

     &lt;a href=&quot;mailto:inf@example.com&quot;&gt;Email&lt;/a&gt;

But I read the following while analysing my website using [woorank.com][1], what should I do to avoid this?

&gt; Malicious bots scrape the web in search of email addresses and plain text email addresses are more likely to be spammed.


  [1]: http://woorank.com

How to show email addresses on the website to avoid spams?

tl;dr
-----

Hide email address from bots without using scripts and maintain `mailto:` functionality. Method must also support screen-readers.


----------


Summary
-------


 - Email **obfuscation without** using **scripts** or contact forms

 - Email address needs to be **completely visible** to human viewers and **maintain `mailto:` functionality**

 - Email Address **must not be in image form**. 

 - Email address **must be &quot;completely&quot; hidden from spam-crawlers and spam-bots** and **any other harvester type**



----------





Desired Effect:
---------------







 - **No scripts**, please. There are no scripts used in the project and **I&#39;d like to keep it that way**.  

 - Email address is either **displayed on the page** or can be easily displayed after some sort of user interaction, like opening a modal.

 - The **user can click on on the email address** which in turn would trigger the `mailto:` functionality.
 - Clicking the email will open the user&#39;s email application. 

      

    *In other words, `mailto:` functionality must work.*

 - The email address in not visible or not identified as an email address to bots **(This includes the page source)** 

 - I don&#39;t have an inbox that&#39;s full of spam



----------





What does *NOT* Work
--------------------





 - Adding a contact form - or anything similar - instead of the email address



 ***I hate contact forms**. I rarely fill up a contact form. If there&#39;s no email address, I look for a phone number, and if that&#39;s not there, I start looking for an alternative service. I would only fill up a contact form if I absolutely have to.* 



 - Replacing the address with an image of the address



 This creates a **HUGE** disadvantage to someone using a screenreader (**please remember the visually impaired in your future projects**)



 It also **removes** the `mailto:` functionality unless you make the image clickable and then add the `mailto:` functionality as the `href` for the link, but that **defeats the purpose** and now the email is visible to bots.

 

----------


What might work:
----------------




 - Clever usage of `pseudo-elements` in `CSS`

 - Solutions that make use of `base64` encoding

 - **Breaking up** the email address and spreading the parts across the document then putting them back together in a modal when the user clicks a button (This will probably involve multiple `CSS` classes and the usage of `anchor tags`)

 - Alterting `html` attributes via `CSS` 

 @MortezaAsadi gracefully brought up the possibility in the comments below. This is the link to the full - The article is from 2012:

 [What if We Could Use CSS to Alter HTML Attributes?][1] 

 - Other creative solutions that are beyond my scope of knowledge. 



----------



Similar Questions / Fixes
-------------------------





 - [JavaScript: Protect your email address by Joe Maller][2]



(This a great fix suggested by Joe Maller, it works well but it&#39;s **script based**. Here&#39;s what it looks like;



&lt;!-- begin snippet: js hide: false console: true babel: false --&gt;



&lt;!-- language: lang-html --&gt;



    &lt;SCRIPT TYPE=&quot;text/javascript&quot;&gt;

      emailE = &#39;emailserver.com&#39;

      emailE = (&#39;yourname&#39; + &#39;@&#39; + emailE)

      document.write(&#39;&lt;A href=&quot;mailto:&#39; + emailE + &#39;&quot;&gt;&#39; + emailE + &#39;&lt;/a&gt;&#39;)

    &lt;/script&gt;



    &lt;NOSCRIPT&gt;

      Email address protected by JavaScript

    &lt;/NOSCRIPT&gt;







&lt;!-- end snippet --&gt;



 - [Looking for a php only email address obfuscator function][3]



   (A Clever solution using both `PHP` and `CSS` to first **reverse** the email using PHP then **reverse it** back with CSS) A very promising solution that Works great! But it&#39;s **too easy to solve**. 



 - [Is it worth obfuscating email addresses on the web these days?][4]



  (Javascript fix)







 - [https://stackoverflow.com/questions/748780/best-way-to-obfuscate-an-e-mail-address-on-a-website/748805#748805][5]



  **The selected answer works**. It actually works really well. It involves encoding the email as `html entities`. Can it be improved?

  

 Here&#39;s what it looks like;



 &lt;!-- begin snippet: js hide: false console: true babel: false --&gt;



 &lt;!-- language: lang-html --&gt;



    &lt;A HREF=&quot;mailto:

    &amp;#121;&amp;#111;&amp;#117;&amp;#114;&amp;#110;&amp;#097;&amp;#109;&amp;#101;&amp;#064;&amp;#100;&amp;#111;&amp;#109;&amp;#097;&amp;#105;&amp;#110;&amp;#046;&amp;#099;&amp;#111;&amp;#109;&quot;&gt;

    &amp;#121;&amp;#111;&amp;#117;&amp;#114;&amp;#110;&amp;#097;&amp;#109;&amp;#101;&amp;#064;&amp;#100;&amp;#111;&amp;#109;&amp;#097;&amp;#105;&amp;#110;&amp;#046;&amp;#099;&amp;#111;&amp;#109;

    &lt;/A&gt;



&lt;!-- end snippet --&gt;






 - [Does e-mail address obfuscation actually work?][6] 



  (The selected answer to this SuperUser question is great and it presents a study of the amount of spam received by using different obfuscation methods.



  It seems that manipulating the email address with `CSS` to make it `rtl` does work. This is the same method used in the first question I linked to in this section. 



  I am uncertain what effects adding `mailto:` functionality to the fix would have on the results. 





 - There are also many other questions on [SO][7] which all have similar answers. I have not found anything that fits **my desired effect**



----------



The Question:
-------------





Would it be possible to **increase the efficiency** (ie as little spam as possible) of the email obfuscation methods above by **combining two or more of the fixes (or even adding new fixes)** while:



 **A- Maintaining `mailto:` functionality; and**

 **B- Supporting screen-readers**


----------
**Edit:** 

Many of the **answers and comments below** pose a very good question while indicating the impossibility of doing this without some sort of `js`

The question that&#39;s *asked/implied* is:

&gt; Why not use `js`?

The answer is that I am allergic to `js`

Joking aside though,

The three main reasons I asked this question are:

 - Contact forms are becoming more and more accepted as a replacement
   for providing an email address - which they should not.

 - If it **can be done** without scripting then it **should be done** without
   scripting.

 - **Curiosity:** (as I am in fact using one of the `js` fixes currently) I wanted to see *if discussing the matter would lead to a better way of doing it.*

  [1]: http://andydavies.me/blog/2012/08/13/what-if-we-could-use-css-to-manipulate-html-attributes/
  [2]: http://joemaller.com/js-mailer.shtml
  [3]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/12592363/looking-for-a-php-only-email-address-obfuscator-function
  [4]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4098408/is-it-worth-obfuscating-email-addresses-on-the-web-these-days
  [5]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/748780/best-way-to-obfuscate-an-e-mail-address-on-a-website/748805#748805
  [6]: https://superuser.com/questions/235937/does-e-mail-address-obfuscation-actually-work
  [7]: https://stackoverflow.com/search?tab=newest&amp;q=Email%20Address%20Obfuscation

Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	Thomas Buckley	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - Javascript	jsalonen	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 2 - Javascript	user5506072	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 3 - Javascript	vikram kedlaya	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 4 - Javascript	subindas pm	View Answer on Stackoverflow

Automatically open default email client and pre-populate content

Javascript Problem Overview

Javascript Solutions

Solution 1 - Javascript

Solution 2 - Javascript

Solution 3 - Javascript

Solution 4 - Javascript

Ruby: How to load a file into interactive ruby console (IRB)?

Is there a limit on length of the key (string) in JS object?

Attributions