My 2 cents. I personally prefer pure HTML views, an entirely angular front end along with a Web API/EF/SQL Server back end, basically no Razor. Razor is an abstraction to help programmers render HTML, these days everyone&#39;s coming to the conclusion that removing these abstractions is a better idea, hence the evolution of ASP.NET from web forms, to MVC etc. It&#39;s not really difficult for developers to get to grips with HTML and use an angular front end, moreover this makes UI designers jobs easier, they have pure HTML and JSON/Javascript, they don&#39;t need to go about understanding MVC, Razor, controllers and actions. We used to work completely on MVC, in our latest project we moved to a Web API back end and an angular front end, and we&#39;ve noticed that our UI designer&#39;s productivity has vastly improved. 

I believe you cannot compare. AngularJS is a Single Page Application (SPA) framework whereas ASP.Net MVC use the standard model where one navigates between pages. Whether you want to build a SPA is decided by factors like

 - Do you want SEO. Which most of these JS rich framework have limited support.
 - How can you structure your app as SPA or multiple SPAs.
 - Coming from a type safe language C# to JavaScript programming is a challenge. 
 - Learning AngularJS and using it effectively.

We use the standard MVC 5 razor view to setup the initial AngularJS views so you can even combine them together if required. 

See this answer https://stackoverflow.com/questions/18556712/can-you-use-angularjs-with-parse-com/18557234#18557234 to derive more context.

I am using RabbitMQ and I have a queue that holds email messages. My consumer service de-queues messages and attempts to send them. If, for any reason, my consumer cannot send the message, I would like to re-queue the message to send again. I realize I can do a basicNack and set the requeue flag to be true, however, I don&#39;t want to requeue the message indefinitely (say, if our email system goes down, I don&#39;t want to continuously requeue unsent messages). I would like to define a finite number of times that I can requeue the message to be sent again. I can&#39;t set a field on the email message object, however, when I dequeue it and send a nack. The updated field is not present on the message in the queue. Is there any other way in which I can approach this? Thanks in advance.

How do I set a number of retry attempts in RabbitMQ?

I installed some package via `pip install something`. I want to edit the source code for the package `something`. Where is it (on ubuntu 12.04) and how do I make it reload each time I edit the source code and run it?

Currently I am editing the source code, and then running python setup.py again and again, which turns out to be quite a hassle.

Python: how to edit an installed package?

I&#39;m currently evaluating the programming model for creating future Webapplications in my company. So I will decide between ASP.NET MVC 5 (with Razor Views) and AngularJS with ASP.NET WebAPI. What are the advantages / disadvantages of these two programming models?

ASP.NET MVC 5 vs. AngularJS / ASP.NET WebAPI

<p>I'm currently evaluating the programming model for creating future Webapplications in my company. So I will decide between ASP.NET MVC 5 (with Razor Views) and AngularJS with ASP.NET WebAPI. What are the advantages / disadvantages of these two programming models?</p>


I am working with ASP.NET MVC 5 Web Api. I want consult all my users.

I wrote `api/users` and I receive this:

&gt;&quot;The &#39;ObjectContent`1&#39; type failed to serialize the response body for content type &#39;application/json; charset=utf-8&#39;&quot;

In WebApiConfig, already I added these lines:

    HttpConfiguration config = new HttpConfiguration();
    config.Formatters.XmlFormatter.SupportedMediaTypes.Remove(appXmlType);
    config.Formatters.JsonFormatter.SerializerSettings.ReferenceLoopHandling = Newtonsoft.Json.ReferenceLoopHandling.Ignore; 

But it still doesn&#39;t work.

My function for return data is this:

    public IEnumerable&lt;User&gt; GetAll()
    {
        using (Database db = new Database())
        {
            return db.Users.ToList();
        }
    }


Failed to serialize the response in Web API with Json

On Visual Studio I added application insight to a project which creates a ApplicationInsights.config and not sure what other files were added to the project.

Thing is, doing right click and press Add Application Insight was pretty straight forward. Now I&#39;m looking with no success a way to remove the application insight for that project.

How can I achieve that ?

On production server, using DebugView, I see the telemetry logs, even after shutting down the Application Monitor Services on the server.

Any help is appreciated, I want to completely get rid of application insight on that application.

Remove Application Insight from application on Visual Studio 2013

I&#39;m using Web API 2 and I&#39;m getting the following error when I send a POST to my API method using IIS 7.5 on my local box.

	The inline constraint resolver of type &#39;DefaultInlineConstraintResolver&#39; was unable to resolve the following inline constraint: &#39;string&#39;.

	Line 21: GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.EnsureInitialized();


None of my APIs work using IIS. However, I&#39;m able to run my API project in Visual Studio using IIS Express and successfully make a POST to my login API, but when I try and make a GET request to another API call, I get the constraint resolver error.

In order to troubleshoot this, I created a brand new Web API 2 project in Visual Studio and started importing the existing APIs into the new project one at a time and running them to ensure they work. Using IIS Express with this new project, I get the same exact results as I did with my existing API project.


What am I missing here? Even with a brand new project I&#39;m not able to make GET requests without running into this constraint resolver issue.

DefaultInlineConstraintResolver Error in WebAPI 2

I am looking at one WebAPI application sample that has this coded:

    json.SerializerSettings.PreserveReferencesHandling 
       = Newtonsoft.Json.PreserveReferencesHandling.Objects;

and another with this coded:

    json.SerializerSettings.ReferenceLoopHandling 
       = Newtonsoft.Json.ReferenceLoopHandling.Ignore;

Neither explain why each is chosen. I&#39;m very new to WebAPI, so can someone help by explaining to me in simple terms  what the differences are and why I might need to use one over the other. 

What is the difference between PreserveReferencesHandling and ReferenceLoopHandling in Json.Net?

I am implementing reset password functionality on my site by using the in-built `UserManager` class that comes with ASP.NET 5.

Everything works fine in my dev environment. However, once I try it in the production site that is running as an Azure website, I get the following exception:

&gt; **System.Security.Cryptography.CryptographicException**: The data protection operation was unsuccessful. This may have been caused by not having the user profile loaded for the current thread&#39;s user context, which may be the case when the thread is impersonating.

This is how I setup the `UserManager` instance:

    var provider = new Microsoft.Owin.Security.DataProtection.DpapiDataProtectionProvider(SiteConfig.SiteName);
    UserManager.UserTokenProvider = new Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.Owin.DataProtectorTokenProvider&lt;User&gt;(provider.Create(ResetPasswordPurpose));

Then, I generate the token thusly (to be sent to the user in an email so that they can verify that they do indeed want to reset their password):

    string token = UserManager.GeneratePasswordResetToken(user.Id);

Unfortunately, when this runs on Azure, I get the exception above.

I&#39;ve Googled around and found this [possible solution][1]. However, it didn&#39;t work at all and I still get the same exception.

According to the link, it has something to do with session tokens not working on a web farm like Azure.


  [1]: http://brockallen.com/2013/02/18/configuring-machine-key-protection-of-session-tokens-in-wif-and-thinktecture-identitymodel/

Generating reset password token does not work in Azure Website

In a nutshell the exception is thrown during POSTing wrapper model and changing the state of one entry to &#39;Modified&#39;. Before changing the state, the state is set to &#39;Detached&#39; but calling Attach() does throw the same error. I&#39;m using EF6.

Please find my code below(model names have been changed to make it easier to read)

Model

    // Wrapper classes
            public class AViewModel
            {
                public A a { get; set; }
                public List&lt;B&gt; b { get; set; }
                public C c { get; set; }
            }   

Controller

            public ActionResult Edit(int? id)
            {
                if (id == null)
                {
                    return new HttpStatusCodeResult(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest);
                }
    
                if (!canUserAccessA(id.Value))
                    return new HttpStatusCodeResult(HttpStatusCode.Forbidden);
    
                var aViewModel = new AViewModel();
                aViewModel.A = db.As.Find(id);
    
                if (aViewModel.Receipt == null)
                {
                    return HttpNotFound();
                }
    
                aViewModel.b = db.Bs.Where(x =&gt; x.aID == id.Value).ToList();
                aViewModel.Vendor = db.Cs.Where(x =&gt; x.cID == aViewModel.a.cID).FirstOrDefault();
    
                return View(aViewModel);
            }

    [HttpPost]
            [ValidateAntiForgeryToken]
            public ActionResult Edit(AViewModel aViewModel)
            {
                if (!canUserAccessA(aViewModel.a.aID) || aViewModel.a.UserID != WebSecurity.GetUserId(User.Identity.Name))
                    return new HttpStatusCodeResult(HttpStatusCode.Forbidden);
    
                if (ModelState.IsValid)
                {
                    db.Entry(aViewModel.a).State = EntityState.Modified; //THIS IS WHERE THE ERROR IS BEING THROWN
                    db.SaveChanges();
                    return RedirectToAction(&quot;Index&quot;);
                }
                return View(aViewModel);
            }

As shown above line

    db.Entry(aViewModel.a).State = EntityState.Modified;

throws exception:

&gt; Attaching an entity of type &#39;A&#39; failed because another entity of the
&gt; same type already has the same primary key value. This can happen when
&gt; using the &#39;Attach&#39; method or setting the state of an entity to
&gt; &#39;Unchanged&#39; or &#39;Modified&#39; if any entities in the graph have
&gt; conflicting key values. This may be because some entities are new and
&gt; have not yet received database-generated key values. In this case use
&gt; the &#39;Add&#39; method or the &#39;Added&#39; entity state to track the graph and
&gt; then set the state of non-new entities to &#39;Unchanged&#39; or &#39;Modified&#39; as
&gt; appropriate.

Does anybody see anything wrong in my code or understand in what circumstances it would throw such error during editing a model?

ASP.NET MVC - Attaching an entity of type &#39;MODELNAME&#39; failed because another entity of the same type already has the same primary key value

I am new to `MVC`. In My Application , I&#39;m Retrieving the Data from Mydatabase. but when I run my Application it show Error Like This
this is my url 

    http://localhost:7317/Employee/DetailsData/4

 

      Exception Details: System.ArgumentException: The parameters dictionary contains a null entry for parameter &#39;k&#39; of non-nullable type &#39;System.Int32&#39; for method &#39;System.Web.Mvc.ActionResult DetailsData(Int32)&#39; in &#39;MVCViewDemo.Controllers.EmployeeController&#39;. An optional parameter must be a reference type, a nullable type, or be declared as an optional parameter.
    Parameter name: parameters

this is my web.config file code

    &lt;connectionStrings&gt;
      &lt;add name=&quot;EmployeeContext&quot; connectionString=&quot;Server=.;Database=mytry;integrated security=true; ProviderName=System.Data.SqlClient&quot;/&gt;
    &lt;/connectionStrings&gt;

this is my Employee Model Class(Employee.cs)

    [Table(&quot;emp&quot;)]    /* to map tablename with our class name*/
        public class Employee
        {
            public int EmpId { get; set; }
            public string Name { get; set; }
            public string Gender { get; set; }
            public string City { get; set; }
            
        }
My EmployeeContext.cs Model class

     public class EmployeeContext:DbContext
        {
            public DbSet&lt;Employee&gt; Employees { get; set; }
        }

my EmployeeController.cs

     public ActionResult DetailsData(int k)
            {
                
                EmployeeContext Ec = new EmployeeContext();
                Employee emp = Ec.Employees.Single(X =&gt; X.EmpId == k);           
                return View(emp);
            }
and my view 

    &lt;h2&gt;DetailsData&lt;/h2&gt;
    @Model.Name&lt;br /&gt;
    @Model.City&lt;br /&gt;
    @Model.Gender&lt;br /&gt;
    @Model.EmpId

MVC : The parameters dictionary contains a null entry for parameter &#39;k&#39; of non-nullable type &#39;System.Int32&#39;

What is the purpose of @RenderSection and how does it function? I understand what bundles do, but I have yet to figure out what this does and it&#39;s probably important.

    @RenderSection(&quot;scripts&quot;, required: false)

Perhaps a small example on how to use it?

What is @RenderSection in asp.net MVC

I have a form:

    @using (Html.BeginForm(new { ReturnUrl = ViewBag.ReturnUrl })) {
    @Html.AntiForgeryToken()
    @Html.ValidationSummary()...


and action:

    

    [HttpPost]
    [AllowAnonymous]
    [ValidateAntiForgeryToken]
    public ActionResult Login(LoginModel model, string returnUrl, string City)
    {
    }

occasionally (once a week), I get the error: 

&gt; The anti-forgery token could not be decrypted. If this application is
&gt; hosted by a Web Farm or cluster, ensure that all machines are running
&gt; the same version of ASP.NET Web Pages and that the configuration
&gt; specifies explicit encryption and validation keys. AutoGenerate cannot
&gt; be used in a cluster.

i try add to webconfig:

    &lt;machineKey validationKey=&quot;AutoGenerate,IsolateApps&quot;  
        decryptionKey=&quot;AutoGenerate,IsolateApps&quot; /&gt;

but the error still appears occasionally

I noticed this error occurs, for example when a person came from one computer and then trying another computer

Or sometimes an auto value set with incorrect data type like bool to integer to the form field by any jQuery code please also check it. 



The anti-forgery token could not be decrypted

Okay, so first off before anyone attempts to make a determination that this is a &quot;duplicate&quot; question; I have reviewed most of the posts on SO regarding similar questions but even in combination of all that has been said I still am somewhat at a dilemma as to the definitive or maybe I should say unanimous agreement on this.

I can however say that I have (based on the posts) conclusively determined that the answer is based on the scope of the requirement. But even with consideration of this, the opinions seem too diverse for me to make a decision as to how I should handle this.

My immediate requirement is that I need to persist variable data from 1 controller across many views. More specifically, I have a controller and corresponding view that handles shopping cart item counts and I would like to persist that data across multiple views. I am thinking that the _layout view is the most logical choice for this.

Now I have successfully accomplished this task by assigning the value to a Session variable which is retrieved from my _layout view; so even when the user were to navigate any where within the site the number of items in the Shopping Cart will persist until either they leave the site or complete the checkout; in which case the variable will be cleared in code.

The posts I&#39;ve read seemed biased to either staying away from Session variables in favor of Cookies and storing data in a database; or stating that for the intent purpose for which I propose to use them, Session variables are perfectly fine to use.

The other thing I&#39;ve read suggests that Session variables can potentially impede overall performance if there is high traffic on the site since the information is stored on the server.

I personally cannot justify storing this type of information in a database and subsequently hitting the database as I&#39;d imagine that this could also affect site performance and seems a bit overkill for storage of temporary data. TempData, ViewData and ViewBag do not work in persisting the data so they are not logical choices for the requirement IMO.

If there is another well suited alternative to the Session variable (which is working for me) I would like to know what it is.

2 posts that seem contradictory in effort of providing best recommendations leave me a bit confused.

Cons: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5220980/is-it-a-good-practice-to-avoid-using-session-state-in-asp-net-mvc-if-yes-why-a

Pros: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/6744493/still-ok-to-use-session-variables-in-asp-net-mvc-or-is-there-a-better-alternati

Seems that this question (although presented in many different variations) has no definitive answer that I can conclude.

If there is a more preferrable way to accomplish this without overkill then that is the answer I&#39;m in search of.

I read somewhere the use of MVC filters in tandem with the Global.ascx application start section as well, but this does not seem appropriate for variables set at the controller level as much as perhaps, static variables.

Can someone maybe squash (for lack of a better word) the many diverse opinions on the topic and maybe provide a more definitive answer to the question? I&#39;m sure the diverse opinions have their place and I&#39;m not attempting to discredit them. But having a definitive and possibly unanimous answer would be better; then I could sort through the other posts to determine what is best for my application.

Of course, if this question has no definitive answer; just tell me that and I&#39;ll attempt to derive my own answer from the other posts.

Thanks

===========================================================
            UPDATED RESPONSE TO ANSWERS PROVIDED
===========================================================
Caching and Cookies seem to be a general preference from the responses however I&#39;ve also noted the statement that caching its not an ideal candidate to use across multiple web server because synchronization can be a potential issue.

Giving credit to Tim, it&#39;s stated that Database storage is optimized and users have the option to return at a later time and continue where they left off.

That is an excellent point, but keeping foresight on probabilities; its likely a reasonable given that some users may not return leaving unneccessary data in the database.

So keeping the DB optimized and clean (which &quot;to me&quot; is of equal relevance) would require implementing a maintenance task to automatically expire those records based on a set threshold of time to account for those circumstances. Although a maintenance task is not an unquestionable option, I still think this adds just a bit more work to the task simply for the intent purpose of serving as temporary storage.

Nonetheless, I do respect Tim&#39;s recommendation and believe it deserves merit on countering my initial opinion to a degree; that a database would not seem to be a viable option for storing Temporary data; so I think the compromise would be to store the data in a database (given the scenario of a Shopping Cart or similar) perhaps after a checkout. This way as you previously stated, the data may be persistently tracked upon subsequent visits so you have a record of transactions. But more importantly, it would be data of those transactions having real relevance to persist to the database.

It was also stated that although Session is faster than Database; but notwithstanding to have its caveats that can to some degree be mitigated by other mechanisms such as leveraging the SessionStateBehavior attribute, just serving as one example. 

BUT... I think Erik kind of drove the point home with the Dunning-Kruger Effect. Although, from the content and explanations for proposed answers given here; I seriously doubt the expertise of any of the individuals who have responded is any way questionable. Nonetheless, I tend to agree on the fact of getting a unanimous opinion may be somewhat of a higher than reasonable expectation on my part.

What I was more specifically looking for was a general consensus for a technique that would comfortably accomodate a diverse number of scenarios. In other words, something that would accomodate not only my particular scenario but also provide the element of scalability to larger environments with potentially heavier traffic. This way a change in the programming would be either alleviated altogether or minimal at best.

==================================================
        Summary based on the feedback:
==================================================

1. Session variables seem to accomodate smaller case scenarios and when applicable, but they have some potential for persistence concerns among other notable discrepancies as stated very thorougly by Erik. So this option obviously will not fit a scalable model.

2. Caching is preferable over Session variables but again not neccessarily the &quot;best&quot; scalable option due to among other things to the potential synchronization complexities in web server farm environments as previously pointed out. But an option nonetheless.

3. Database storage is scalable but for the intent purpose of temporary volatile storage is probably not the most elegant option from a database perspective as it would require periodical cleanup. Personally, having a strong foundation in database concepts earlier in my career this probably is not going to be something that many developers will likely agree with; but using the database for this purpose may suffice for Web Development from a programmers perspective; however from perspective of the DAL and DB development this (to me) has the potential for mandating an additional DB task to enforce an efficient backend.

4. Cookies seem to be a nice option having the combined &quot;desirable&quot; elements of Session variables and caching.

==================================================
                   CONCLUSION
==================================================
Based on the answers; I think COOKIES and CACHING seem to be generally well rounded proposals for best practice across the board in combination with database storage when continued persistence is required after the fact; as potentially good candidates for scalability of the ones presented. 

The ultimate choice between the 2 would seem to be based on the amount and type of data requiring storage (e.g. sensitive vs non-sensitive and whether or not there is any concern that the client may alter the data on their end); in addition to special considerations for COOKIES in the fact that they may be disabled by the clients.

Obviously, there is no one size fits all solution as clearly pointed out and concluded from the answers provided but in terms of scalability; I may be wrong but these seem to be the BEST choices available.


Because all the responses are good; I&#39;m fairly going to credit all the posts as useful and going to accept Erik&#39;s answer as a well rounded overall scalable solution. I wish I could select more than one accepted answer as I believe Tim&#39;s response was also very well layed out and concise.

Gupta&#39;s response was good also, but I wanted more elaboration of the proposed answer and not a repeat of previous posts.

Thanks Guys!

Is there a best practice and recommended alternative to Session variables in MVC

With `ui-router`, it&#39;s possible to inject either `$state` or `$stateParams` into a controller to get access to parameters in the URL. However, accessing parameters through `$stateParams` only exposes parameters belonging to the state managed by the controller that accesses it, and its parent states, while `$state.params` has all parameters, including those in any child states.

Given the following code, if we directly load the URL `http://path/1/paramA/paramB`, this is how it goes when the controllers load:

    $stateProvider.state(&#39;a&#39;, {
         url: &#39;path/:id/:anotherParam/&#39;,
         controller: &#39;ACtrl&#39;,
      });

    $stateProvider.state(&#39;a.b&#39;, {
         url: &#39;/:yetAnotherParam&#39;,
         controller: &#39;ABCtrl&#39;,
      });

    module.controller(&#39;ACtrl&#39;, function($stateParams, $state) {
       $state.params; // has id, anotherParam, and yetAnotherParam
       $stateParams;  // has id and anotherParam
    }

    module.controller(&#39;ABCtrl&#39;, function($stateParams, $state) {
       $state.params; // has id, anotherParam, and yetAnotherParam
       $stateParams;  // has id, anotherParam, and yetAnotherParam
    }

The question is, why the difference? And are there best practices guidelines around when and why you should use, or avoid using either of them?

`ui-router` $stateParams vs. $state.params

I have a list of items in my view with `ng-click` attached to them:

    &lt;ul id=&quot;team-filters&quot;&gt;
	    &lt;li ng-click=&quot;foo($event, team)&quot; ng-repeat=&quot;team in teams&quot;&gt;
             &lt;img src=&quot;{{team.logoSmall}}&quot; alt=&quot;{{team.name}}&quot; title=&quot;{{team.name}}&quot;&gt;
        &lt;/li&gt;
    &lt;/ul&gt;

I&#39;m handling the click events in the `foo` function in my directive, passing `$event` as a reference to the object that&#39;s been clicked, but I&#39;m getting a reference to the `img` tag, rather than the `li` tag. I then have to do stuff like this to get the `li`:

    $scope.foo = function($event, team) {
	   var el = (function(){
		   if ($event.target.nodeName === &#39;IMG&#39;) {
		      return angular.element($event.target).parent(); // get li
		   } else {
		      return angular.element($event.target);          // is li
		   }
	   })();

 Is there a simple way to get the reference to the element that `ng-click` is bound to, without doing DOM operations in my directive?

get original element from ng-click

I&#39;m using Protractor to perform some end to end tests, and I&#39;d like to pass in login credentials through the command line instead of storing them in a spec file.  I found one post where someone used `process.argv.forEach`, but how can I store those values and use them in another spec file? I have a file called `login-spec.js` where I&#39;d like to use the command-line arguments. 

Thanks!

How can I use command line arguments in Angularjs Protractor?

I have a modal that uses ng-show=&quot;prefs&quot; to determine visibility.

My desire is to use the close button in the modal to set $scope.prefs to false and to use an anchor tag to set the value to true. However, all I can find on google uses a checkbox rather than anchor tags.

Is there a way to use ng-click to set a variable to false?

AngularJS: Can&#39;t I set a variable value on ng-click?

I wanted to use the MEAN JavaScript Stack, but I noticed that there are two different stacks with either their own website and installation methods: mean.js and mean.io. So I came up asking myself this question: &quot;Which one do I use?&quot;.

So in order to answer this question I ask the community if you could explain what are the differences between these two? And if possible pros and cons? Because they look very similar to me.

Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	bitsmuggler	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - asp.net	Mohammad Sepahvand	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 2 - asp.net	Chandermani	View Answer on Stackoverflow

ASP.NET MVC 5 vs. AngularJS / ASP.NET WebAPI

asp.net Problem Overview

asp.net Solutions

Solution 1 - asp.net

Solution 2 - asp.net

Python: how to edit an installed package?

How do I set a number of retry attempts in RabbitMQ?

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