Chanced upon this page while looking for details on the topic. A quote from `HTTP State Management Mechanism`, [RFC 6265][1] ought to make things clearer:

**5.4.  The Cookie Header**
    
  &gt;   When the user agent generates an HTTP request, the user agent MUST
       NOT attach more than one Cookie header field.

It looks like the use of multiple `Cookie` headers *is*, in fact, prohibited!

  [1]: https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6265#section-5.4

it&#39;s now allowed in HTTP/2 ([RFC 7540][1]), which specifies:

        8.1.2.5.  Compressing the Cookie Header Field
    
       The Cookie header field [COOKIE] uses a semi-colon (&quot;;&quot;) to delimit
       cookie-pairs (or &quot;crumbs&quot;).  This header field doesn&#39;t follow the
       list construction rules in HTTP (see [RFC7230], Section 3.2.2), which
       prevents cookie-pairs from being separated into different name-value
       pairs.  This can significantly reduce compression efficiency as
       individual cookie-pairs are updated.
    
       To allow for better compression efficiency, the Cookie header field
       MAY be split into separate header fields, each with one or more
       cookie-pairs.  If there are multiple Cookie header fields after
       decompression, these MUST be concatenated into a single octet string
       using the two-octet delimiter of 0x3B, 0x20 (the ASCII string &quot;; &quot;)
       before being passed into a non-HTTP/2 context, such as an HTTP/1.1
       connection, or a generic HTTP server application.
    
       Therefore, the following two lists of Cookie header fields are
       semantically equivalent.
    
         cookie: a=b; c=d; e=f
    
         cookie: a=b
         cookie: c=d
         cookie: e=f


  [1]: https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7540#section-8.1.2.5

What are the &quot;best practices&quot; for creating (and releasing) millions of small objects?

I am writing a chess program in Java and the search algorithm generates a single &quot;Move&quot; object for each possible move, and a nominal search can easily generate over a million move objects per second. The JVM GC has been able to handle the load on my development system, but I&#39;m interested in exploring alternative approaches that would:

 1. Minimize the overhead of garbage collection, and 
 2. reduce the peak memory footprint for lower-end systems.  

A vast majority of the objects are very short-lived, but about 1% of the moves generated are persisted and returned as the persisted value, so any pooling or caching technique would have to provide the ability to exclude specific objects from being re-used. 

I don&#39;t expect fully-fleshed out example code, but I would appreciate suggestions for further reading/research, or open source examples of a similar nature.


Best practice for creating millions of small temporary objects

I am a novice programmer and I searched a lot about my question but couldn&#39;t find a helpful solution or tutorial about this.

My goal is I have a PHP array and the array elements are showing in a list on the page.

I want to add an option, so that if a user wants, he/she can create a CSV file with array elements and download it.

I don&#39;t know how to do this. I have searched a lot too. But yet to find any helpful resource.

Please provide me some tutorial or solution or advice to implement it by myself. As I&#39;m a novice please provide easy to implement solutions.

My array looks like: 

    Array
    (
        [0] =&gt; Array
            (
                [fs_id] =&gt; 4c524d8abfc6ef3b201f489c
                [name] =&gt; restaurant
                [lat] =&gt; 40.702692
                [lng] =&gt; -74.012869
                [address] =&gt; new york
                [postalCode] =&gt; 
                [city] =&gt; NEW YORK
                [state] =&gt; ny
                [business_type] =&gt; BBQ Joint
                [url] =&gt; 
            )
     
    )


How to create and download a csv file from php script?

Usually, a browser groups cookies into a single `Cookie` header, such as:

    Cookie: a=1; b=2

Does the standard allow to send these as separate headers, such as:

    Cookie: a=1
    Cookie: b=2

Or do they always have to be on the same line?

Are multiple Cookie headers allowed in an HTTP request?

Usually, a browser groups cookies into a single <code>Cookie</code> header, such as:
<pre><code class="hljs language-ini">Cookie: a=1; b=2
</code></pre>
Does the standard allow to send these as separate headers, such as:
<pre><code class="hljs language-ini">Cookie: a=1
Cookie: b=2
</code></pre>
Or do they always have to be on the same line?

Is there Node.js ready-to-use tool (installed with `npm`), that would help me expose folder content as file server over HTTP.

Example, if I have

    D:\Folder\file.zip
    D:\Folder\file2.html
    D:\Folder\folder\file-in-folder.jpg

Then starting in `D:\Folder\` `node node-file-server.js`
I could access file via

    http://hostname/file.zip
    http://hostname/file2.html
    http://hostname/folder/file-in-folder.jpg


https://stackoverflow.com/questions/11024052/why-is-my-node-static-file-server-dropping-requests
reference some mystical 

&gt; standard node.js static file server

If there&#39;s no such tool, what framework should I use?

Related:
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/7268033/basic-static-file-server-in-nodejs


Node.js quick file server (static files over HTTP)

Git works in a proxied environment by setting the http.proxy configuration parameter. 

For certain addresses I need to bypass the proxy. Is there a no-proxy/bypass-proxy configuration parameter?

Git proxy bypass

I am setting-up a REST web service that just need to answer YES or NO, as fast as possible.

Designing a HEAD service seems the best way to do it but I would like to know if I will really gain some time versus doing a GET request. 

I suppose I gain the body stream not to be open/closed on my server (about 1 millisecond?).
Since the amount of bytes to return is very low, do I gain any time in transport, in IP packet number? 

Thanks in advance for your response!


**Edit:**

To explain further the context: 

 - I have a set of REST services executing some processes, if they are in an active state.
 - I have another REST service indicating the state of all these first services.

Since that last service will be called very often by a very large set of clients (one call expected every 5ms), I was wondering if using a HEAD method can be a valuable optimization? About 250 chars are returned in the response body. HEAD method at least gain the transport of these 250 chars, but what is that impact?

I tried to benchmark the difference between the two methods (HEAD vs GET), running 1000 times the calls, but see no gain at all (&lt; 1ms)...


http HEAD vs GET performance

I am trying to send a GET message that contains strings with ampersands and can&#39;t figure how to escape the ampersand in the URL.

Example:

    http://www.example.com?candy_name=M&amp;M
    result =&gt; candy_name = M

I also tried:

    http://www.example.com?candy_name=M\&amp;M
    result =&gt; candy_name = M\\

I am using URLs manually, so I just need the correct characters.

I can&#39;t use any libraries. How can it be done?


Escaping ampersand in URL

I was trying to __scrape__ a website for practice, but I kept on getting the HTTP Error 403 (does it think I&#39;m a bot)?

Here is my code:

    #import requests
    import urllib.request
    from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
    #from urllib import urlopen
    import re
    
    webpage = urllib.request.urlopen(&#39;http://www.cmegroup.com/trading/products/#sortField=oi&amp;sortAsc=false&amp;venues=3&amp;page=1&amp;cleared=1&amp;group=1&#39;).read
    findrows = re.compile(&#39;&lt;tr class=&quot;- banding(?:On|Off)&gt;(.*?)&lt;/tr&gt;&#39;)
    findlink = re.compile(&#39;&lt;a href =&quot;&gt;(.*)&lt;/a&gt;&#39;)
    
    row_array = re.findall(findrows, webpage)
    links = re.finall(findlink, webpate)
    
    print(len(row_array))
    
    iterator = []

The error I get is:

     File &quot;C:\Python33\lib\urllib\request.py&quot;, line 160, in urlopen
        return opener.open(url, data, timeout)
      File &quot;C:\Python33\lib\urllib\request.py&quot;, line 479, in open
        response = meth(req, response)
      File &quot;C:\Python33\lib\urllib\request.py&quot;, line 591, in http_response
        &#39;http&#39;, request, response, code, msg, hdrs)
      File &quot;C:\Python33\lib\urllib\request.py&quot;, line 517, in error
        return self._call_chain(*args)
      File &quot;C:\Python33\lib\urllib\request.py&quot;, line 451, in _call_chain
        result = func(*args)
      File &quot;C:\Python33\lib\urllib\request.py&quot;, line 599, in http_error_default
        raise HTTPError(req.full_url, code, msg, hdrs, fp)
    urllib.error.HTTPError: HTTP Error 403: Forbidden


Problem HTTP error 403 in Python 3 Web Scraping

On my previous websites, I used to use a cookie to display a pre-home page only on the first visit. That worked great ([see for example here](http://newyork.arte.tv/)), but using cookies is not so trendy today, so I want to avoid it as much as possible.

Now, my new website projects almost always have pre-home launched via javascript (showing a modalbox), so I don&#39;t need to do any action on the server side. I&#39;m considering to use HTML5 localStorage instead of cookies, with a fallback on cookies if the browser does not have localStorage. Is this a good idea? What is the impact in terms of usability, privacy protection and website performance?

Using localStorage will improve usability for users that have disabled cookies. But I know that some HTML5 features are only opt-in (like geolocalisation) in some browser. Is there any restriction like that for localStorage on any browser ? Is there any case where I will get a JS error if localStorage is available but deactivated for my site ?

Are there any drawbacks to using localStorage instead of Cookies?

What is the difference between token authentication and authentication using cookies?

I am trying to implement the [Ember Auth Rails Demo][1] but I do not understand the reasons behind using token authentication as described in the [Ember Auth FAQ][2] on the question &quot;Why token authentication?&quot;


  [1]: https://github.com/heartsentwined/ember-auth-rails-demo/wiki
  [2]: https://github.com/heartsentwined/ember-auth/wiki/FAQ

Token Authentication vs. Cookies

I can&#39;t access any cookie from JavaScript. I need to read some value and send them via JSON for my custom checks.

I&#39;ve tried to access cookies from JS, like it was described at:

 - http://www.w3schools.com/js/js_cookies.asp
 - https://stackoverflow.com/questions/10730362/javascript-get-cookie-by-name

As you can see at the code, it&#39;s seen as clear as a crystal the next:

    var c_value = document.cookie;

When I&#39;m trying to access the `document.cookie` value from the Chrome&#39;s web-debugger, I see only the empty string at the **Watch expressions**:

So I can&#39;t read cookies value, which I need.

I&#39;ve checked the cookie name, which I&#39;m sending to get an associated value IS correct.
Also, I&#39;m using the **W3Schools** source code for getting cookies, if you&#39;re interested (but from the 2nd link, the technique is similar).

How can I fix my issue?

Can&#39;t access cookies from document.cookie in JS, but browser shows cookies exist

Can someone give me a step by step description of how cookie based authentication works? I&#39;ve never done anything involving either authentication or cookies. What does the browser need to do? What does the server need to do? In what order? How do we keep things secure?

I&#39;ve been reading about different types of authentication and about cookies but I would like a basic description of how to use the two together- I&#39;ve only read that they are often used together but could not find a description of how.

How does cookie based authentication work?

I am trying to set a cookie using jQuery:

    $.cookie(&quot;testCookie&quot;, &quot;hello&quot;);
    alert($.cookie(&quot;testCookie&quot;));

But when I load my page, I receive the error &quot;$.cookie is not a function&quot;. Here is what I know:

 - I have downloaded the jQuery cookie plugin [here][1].
 - I am linking to jQuery and THEN the cookie plugin. 
 - Both jQuery and jQuery.cookie are loading correctly with 200 OKs.

I have looked at several other answers ([here][2] and [here][3] among others), to which most people suggested renaming the cookie.js file. I have renamed my cookie file &quot;jquery.cookeee.js&quot; but the results are the same.

Any ideas on what is going on here?

If it helps, I am creating a web application in MVC 4.


  [1]: https://github.com/carhartl/jquery-cookie
  [2]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4034190/cookie-is-not-a-function
  [3]: https://drupal.org/node/728412

Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	BenMorel	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - Http	James Chong	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 2 - Http	wusatosi	View Answer on Stackoverflow

Are multiple Cookie headers allowed in an HTTP request?

Http Problem Overview

Http Solutions

Solution 1 - Http

Solution 2 - Http

How to create and download a csv file from php script?

Best practice for creating millions of small temporary objects

Attributions