The way is to create custom Service https://developer.android.com/reference/android/app/Service.html , which is holding connection via socket or polling some remote server with intervals.

But, I suggest that Firebase service is more advanced and optimized in battery consumption and, particularly, in utilizing the sleep mode. It&#39;s not trivial to make a service which will have fast response and CPU consumption. I think that a custom service development will lead to native (C++) coding of networking routines libs.

Also, take into account that Firebase provides own Authentication service with ability to seamless convert your anonymous user to registered. There is a lot of pros of Firebase services. And cons are: your users have to install Google Play Services, if your app will grow - you will pay to Firebase.

Look here https://stackoverflow.com/questions/40786743/android-push-notification-without-google-service

It&#39;s possible using VAPID authentication.

Google for VAPID and you will find a very tortuous road that could lead to the answer you are looking for.

I&#39;m trying to use Ansible to run the following two commands:

`sudo apt-get update &amp;&amp; sudo apt-get upgrade -y`

I know with ansible you can use: 

`ansible all -m shell -u user -K -a &quot;uptime&quot;`

Would running the following command do it? Or do I have to use some sort of `raw` command

`ansible all -m shell -u user -K -a &quot;sudo apt-get update &amp;&amp; sudo apt-get upgrade -y&quot;`



How to run apt update and upgrade via Ansible shell

I installed GPG from brew.

    brew install gpg

It is gnupg2-2.0.30_2.

When I commit, I do get a error message:

    You need a passphrase to unlock the secret key for
    user: &quot;Max Mustermann (mycomment) &lt;mm@test.de&gt;&quot;
    2048-bit RSA key, ID 1111AAAA, created 2017-01-05 
    
    error: gpg failed to sign the data
    fatal: failed to write commit object

I used the command:

    gpg --list-secret-keys | grep ^sec

and it gives me back:

    sec   2048R/1111AAAA 2017-01-05

Then I used this command:

    git config --global user.signingkey 1111AAAA

commit gives me back the same error message.

How can I solve this problem?


git - gpg onto mac osx: error: gpg failed to sign the data

I want to **send android** push notification to the selected user **without using** gcm or firebase. The application is already built without firebase. Now I need to integrate push notification too.

Question:

 - How it&#39;s possible without firebase? 

Actually I want a feature that, when an admin update the value in the one field in database table of particular user, the that user will get a push notification regarding the update. How it is possible?

Android push notification without firebase

I want to send android push notification to the selected user without using gcm or firebase. The application is already built without firebase. Now I need to integrate push notification too.
Question:
<ul>
<li>How it's possible without firebase?</li>
</ul>
Actually I want a feature that, when an admin update the value in the one field in database table of particular user, the that user will get a push notification regarding the update. How it is possible?

I have already checked all the related questions and have not found any solution for this problem. So this is an absolutely new problem for me.

**What I Have**

I have an Android app which registers a few broadcast receivers in its manifest. This is what my manifest looks like.

    &lt;?xml version=&quot;1.0&quot; encoding=&quot;utf-8&quot;?&gt;
    &lt;manifest xmlns:android=&quot;http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android&quot;
        xmlns:tools=&quot;http://schemas.android.com/tools&quot;
        package=&quot;com.app.myapp&quot;&gt;
    
        &lt;uses-permission android:name=&quot;android.permission.PROCESS_OUTGOING_CALLS&quot; /&gt;
        &lt;uses-permission android:name=&quot;android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED&quot; /&gt;
        &lt;uses-permission android:name=&quot;android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE&quot; /&gt;
        &lt;uses-permission android:name=&quot;android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE&quot; /&gt;
        &lt;uses-permission android:name=&quot;android.permission.USE_FINGERPRINT&quot; /&gt;
        &lt;uses-permission android:name=&quot;android.permission.INTERNET&quot; /&gt;
        &lt;uses-permission android:name=&quot;android.permission.READ_CALL_LOG&quot; /&gt;
        &lt;uses-permission android:name=&quot;android.permission.WRITE_CALL_LOG&quot; /&gt;
        &lt;uses-permission android:name=&quot;com.android.vending.BILLING&quot; /&gt;
        &lt;uses-permission android:name=&quot;android.permission.INTERNET&quot; /&gt;
        &lt;uses-permission android:name=&quot;android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE&quot; /&gt;
        &lt;uses-permission android:name=&quot;android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS&quot; /&gt;
    
        &lt;uses-feature
            android:name=&quot;android.hardware.telephony&quot;
            android:required=&quot;false&quot; /&gt;
    
        &lt;uses-feature
            android:name=&quot;android.hardware.screen.portrait&quot;
            android:required=&quot;false&quot; /&gt;
    
        &lt;application
            android:name=&quot;.base.MyApp&quot;
            android:allowBackup=&quot;false&quot;
            android:icon=&quot;@drawable/ic_launcher&quot;
            android:label=&quot;@string/label_app_name&quot;
            android:largeHeap=&quot;true&quot;
            android:supportsRtl=&quot;true&quot;
            android:theme=&quot;@style/AppTheme&quot;
            tools:replace=&quot;label, allowBackup&quot;&gt;
    
            &lt;receiver android:name=&quot;.mics.BootReceiver&quot;&gt;
                &lt;intent-filter&gt;
                    &lt;action android:name=&quot;android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED&quot; /&gt;
                    &lt;action android:name=&quot;android.intent.action.QUICKBOOT_POWERON&quot; /&gt;
                &lt;/intent-filter&gt;
            &lt;/receiver&gt;
    
            &lt;receiver android:name=&quot;.PhoneCallReceiver&quot;&gt;
                &lt;intent-filter&gt;
                    &lt;action android:name=&quot;android.intent.action.NEW_OUTGOING_CALL&quot; /&gt;
                &lt;/intent-filter&gt;
            &lt;/receiver&gt;
    
            &lt;receiver
                android:name=&quot;.mics.DeviceAdminReceiver&quot;
                android:permission=&quot;android.permission.BIND_DEVICE_ADMIN&quot;&gt;
                &lt;intent-filter&gt;
                    &lt;action android:name=&quot;android.app.action.DEVICE_ADMIN_ENABLED&quot; /&gt;
                &lt;/intent-filter&gt;
    
                &lt;meta-data
                    android:name=&quot;android.app.device_admin&quot;
                    android:resource=&quot;@xml/device_admin&quot; /&gt;
            &lt;/receiver&gt;
    
            &lt;receiver
                android:name=&quot;com.clevertap.android.sdk.InstallReferrerBroadcastReceiver&quot;
                android:exported=&quot;true&quot;&gt;
                &lt;intent-filter&gt;
                    &lt;action android:name=&quot;com.android.vending.INSTALL_REFERRER&quot; /&gt;
                &lt;/intent-filter&gt;
            &lt;/receiver&gt;
    
            &lt;meta-data
                android:name=&quot;com.app.myapp.utils.ImageLoaderModule&quot;
                android:value=&quot;GlideModule&quot; /&gt;
    
            &lt;meta-data
                android:name=&quot;com.app.myapp.utils.AudioCoverLoaderModule&quot;
                android:value=&quot;GlideModule&quot; /&gt;
    
            &lt;provider
                android:name=&quot;android.support.v4.content.FileProvider&quot;
                android:authorities=&quot;${applicationId}.provider&quot;
                android:exported=&quot;false&quot;
                android:grantUriPermissions=&quot;true&quot;&gt;
    
                &lt;meta-data
                    android:name=&quot;android.support.FILE_PROVIDER_PATHS&quot;
                    android:resource=&quot;@xml/provider_paths&quot; /&gt;
            &lt;/provider&gt;
    
            &lt;activity
                android:name=&quot;.core.activities.SplashActivity&quot;
                android:excludeFromRecents=&quot;true&quot;
                android:label=&quot;@string/label_app_name&quot;
                android:screenOrientation=&quot;portrait&quot;&gt;
                &lt;intent-filter&gt;
                    &lt;action android:name=&quot;android.intent.action.MAIN&quot; /&gt;
                &lt;/intent-filter&gt;
            &lt;/activity&gt;
    
            &lt;activity-alias
                android:name=&quot;.core.activities.SplashActivity-Alias&quot;
                android:icon=&quot;@drawable/ic_launcher&quot;
                android:label=&quot;@string/label_app_name&quot;
                android:noHistory=&quot;true&quot;
                android:targetActivity=&quot;com.app.myapp.core.activities.SplashActivity&quot;&gt;
    
                &lt;intent-filter&gt;
                    &lt;action android:name=&quot;android.intent.action.MAIN&quot; /&gt;
    
                    &lt;category android:name=&quot;android.intent.category.LAUNCHER&quot; /&gt;
                    &lt;category android:name=&quot;android.intent.category.DEFAULT&quot; /&gt;
                    &lt;category android:name=&quot;android.intent.category.MONKEY&quot; /&gt;
                &lt;/intent-filter&gt;
    
            &lt;/activity-alias&gt;
    
            &lt;activity
                android:name=&quot;.core.flow.authFlow.activities.AuthFlowActivity&quot;
                android:excludeFromRecents=&quot;true&quot;
                android:label=&quot;@string/label_app_name&quot;
                android:screenOrientation=&quot;portrait&quot; /&gt;
    
            &lt;service android:name=&quot;.features.fileCloudSync.KillNotificationService&quot; /&gt;
    
        &lt;/application&gt;
    
    &lt;/manifest&gt;

There are 10-15 other activities as well but have been removed for simplicity. And this is the basic boot receiver class. I start a service from here.

    public class BootReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
    
        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            if (intent.getAction().equals(Intent.ACTION_BOOT_COMPLETED)) {
                AlertUtils.showToast(context, &quot;BOOT COMPLETED&quot;, Toast.LENGTH_LONG);
            }
        }
    }

and the phone call receiver class looks something like this (it has been simplified as well),

    public class PhoneCallReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
    
        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            if (intent.getAction().equals(Intent.ACTION_NEW_OUTGOING_CALL)) {
                AlertUtils.showToast(context, &quot;PHONE CALL RECEIVED&quot;, Toast.LENGTH_LONG);
                // Simplified for brevity
            }
        }
    }

**The Problem**

All these receivers work fine when I install the app and start it once. But after I reboot my device these receivers don&#39;t work at all. Neither the `BootCompleteReceiver` nor the `PhoneCallReceiver` gets their `onReceive()` method called.

My assumption was that these receivers would get registered automatically after reboot, but it just doesn&#39;t work. I need the `BootCompleteReceiver` to work so that I can start an important service in my app.

**My Observations**

I have tested this thoroughly. After rebooting the device, the receivers work fine in my **Nexus 5X (Nougat), Nexus 6P (Nougat), YU Yuphoria (Lollipop)** but not in my **OnePlus 3 (Nougat) and Mi 4i (Lollipop)**.

How can the same code work perfectly on a few devices and not work at all on the other devices? I haven&#39;t changed anything at all.

What am I doing wrong here? My app is heavily dependent on these broadcasts and starts services based on these. Any help will be highly appreciated.

**EDIT 1**

To understand the problem better, I just created a very small test project with just a single activity and the exact same `BootCompleteReceiver` and `PhoneCallReceiver`.

But weirdly, this project works perfectly on my OnePlus 3 where my actual app&#39;s receivers don&#39;t work after a reboot. I was initially assuming that the problem is in the OS or the device somehow, but it is not.

So where is the actual problem? Is it in my app (but it works perfectly on other devices) or in the OS and device (the small test project works fine on the same OS and same device)?

It is really confusing to me. I would need some expert help on this.


**EDIT 2**

I have tried the suggestion given by @shadygoneinsane. Here are my observations.

1) I tried to send the BOOT_COMPLETED broadcast via ADB.

    ./adb shell am broadcast -a android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED -p com.app.myapp

And I got this stack trace,

    Broadcasting: Intent { act=android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED pkg=com.app.myapp }
    java.lang.SecurityException: Permission Denial: not allowed to send broadcast android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED from pid=25378, uid=2000
    	at android.os.Parcel.readException(Parcel.java:1683)
    	at android.os.Parcel.readException(Parcel.java:1636)
    	at android.app.ActivityManagerProxy.broadcastIntent(ActivityManagerNative.java:3696)
    	at com.android.commands.am.Am.sendBroadcast(Am.java:778)
    	at com.android.commands.am.Am.onRun(Am.java:404)
    	at com.android.internal.os.BaseCommand.run(BaseCommand.java:51)
    	at com.android.commands.am.Am.main(Am.java:121)
    	at com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit.nativeFinishInit(Native Method)
    	at com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit.main(RuntimeInit.java:276)

Maybe because my device is not rooted. I am unable to send this broadcast in any way.

2) I tried with the PROCESS_OUTGOING_CALLS broadcast after that.

    ./adb shell am broadcast -a android.intent.action.PROCESS_OUTGOING_CALLS -p com.app.myapp

I got this,

    Broadcasting: Intent { act=android.intent.action.PROCESS_OUTGOING_CALLS pkg=com.app.myapp }
    Broadcast completed: result=0

It seems that the broadcast was successful, but I do not see any Toast or any log. I then opened my dialer to dial a number and I can then see the Toast and the log both.

**So it seems that sending the broadcast via ADB didn&#39;t work**, but actually opening the dialer and dialing a number did. 

**EDIT 3**

As per the suggestion from @ChaitanyaAtkuri, I have also tried adding priority to the intent-filters but that didn&#39;t work as well.

I have used priorities like 500, 999 and even the highest integer value, but nothing works. This problem is also occurring in some of my friends apps as well. They work in some devices and doesn&#39;t work in others.

**EDIT 4**

I have **finally found out the root cause of the problem happening in my OnePlus 3**. My OnePlus 3 recently got updated to Nougat and they introduced a feature similar to Mi devices which prevent certain apps from auto-starting after reboot.

Upon disabling this feature my app started receiving broadcasts after reboot perfectly. But this still doesn&#39;t explain two things.

1) My small test project is whitelisted automatically in the list of AutoLaunch apps and that is why it works as expected. But how is this possible? Why the OS considers this small app worthy to be auto-started?

2) There are some apps like LockDown Pro, 500 Firepaper which is blacklisted in the AutoLaunch apps screen but still, it receives broadcasts after reboot in my OnePlus 3 and Mi 4i. How is that possible now? Is it somehow possible to programmatically allow my app to auto launch in these devices (OnePlus and Mi)?

**EDIT 5**

I have tried the solution proposed by @Rahul Chowdhury and it really seems to work very well. After adding the accessibility service the problem is re-solved.

But if the user revokes the accessibility permission after granting it then is there a way for me to programmatically check if the accessibility permission is available to my app?

Broadcast Receiver Not Working After Device Reboot in Android

I am using RecyclerView with GridLayoutManager and I have each item as CardView.

Unfortunately, the CardView here does not seem to change its background color. I tried in layout and programmatically as well but I have tried nothing seems to work.

I Have been struggling for quite a while. I appreciate if someone could help me out with this issue.

CardView background color always white

I have this piece of Java code:

    MaterialDialog builder = new MaterialDialog.Builder(MainActivity.this)
I want to get the MainActivity object in Kotlin. The automatic conversion breaks at `MainActivity.this`.

How to access &quot;Activity.this&quot; in Kotlin?

I was going through developer site of android and I found a class named **[ContentLoadingProgressBar][1]**. By seeing this class I come up with some questions in my mind. It would be great if someone answers my questions.

 1. What is the difference between Normal `ProgressBar` and `ContentLoadingProgressbar`?
 2. What is the practical usage of ContentLoadingProgressBar?
 3. Can we show/hide this progressbar according to our requirement?
 
 5. How can I custom style this progressBar?

Thanks for your help in Advance. It would be great if someone explain it using codes and examples. Thank you.


  [1]: https://developer.android.com/reference/android/support/v4/widget/ContentLoadingProgressBar.html

Practical usage of ContentLoadingProgressBar

I have a view in ConstrainLayout as follows. 

    &lt;TextView
            android:layout_width=&quot;wrap_content&quot;
            android:layout_height=&quot;wrap_content&quot;
            android:maxWidth=&quot;260dp&quot;
            android:textColor=&quot;#FFF&quot;
            android:textSize=&quot;16sp&quot;
            app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf=&quot;@+id/parent&quot;
            app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf=&quot;@id/message_date&quot;
            android:id=&quot;@+id/text_main&quot;
            /&gt;

I would like to change the view to either `app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf=&quot;@+id/parent&quot;` or `layout_constraintLeft_toRightOf=&quot;@+id/parent&quot;` programmatically in recycleViewHolder based on some conditions.

Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	Sreejith sreeji	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - Android	atlascoder	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 2 - Android	Zibri	View Answer on Stackoverflow

Android push notification without firebase

Android Problem Overview

Android Solutions

Solution 1 - Android

Solution 2 - Android

git - gpg onto mac osx: error: gpg failed to sign the data

How to run apt update and upgrade via Ansible shell

Attributions