Android 8: Cleartext HTTP traffic not permitted
AndroidHttpHttpsAndroid Problem Overview
I had reports from users with Android 8 that my app (that uses back-end feed) does not show content. After investigation I found following Exception happening on Android 8:
08-29 12:03:11.246 11285-11285/ E/: [12:03:11.245, main]: Exception: IOException java.io.IOException: Cleartext HTTP traffic to * not permitted
at com.android.okhttp.HttpHandler$CleartextURLFilter.checkURLPermitted(HttpHandler.java:115)
at com.android.okhttp.internal.huc.HttpURLConnectionImpl.execute(HttpURLConnectionImpl.java:458)
at com.android.okhttp.internal.huc.HttpURLConnectionImpl.connect(HttpURLConnectionImpl.java:127)
at com.deiw.android.generic.tasks.AbstractHttpAsyncTask.doConnection(AbstractHttpAsyncTask.java:207)
at com.deiw.android.generic.tasks.AbstractHttpAsyncTask.extendedDoInBackground(AbstractHttpAsyncTask.java:102)
at com.deiw.android.generic.tasks.AbstractAsyncTask.doInBackground(AbstractAsyncTask.java:88)
at android.os.AsyncTask$2.call(AsyncTask.java:333)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266)
at android.os.AsyncTask$SerialExecutor$1.run(AsyncTask.java:245)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1162)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:636)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:764)
(I've removed package name, URL and other possible identifiers)
On Android 7 and lower everything works, I do not set android:usesCleartextTraffic
in Manifest (and setting it to true
does not help, that is the default value anyway), neither do I use Network Security Information. If I call NetworkSecurityPolicy.getInstance().isCleartextTrafficPermitted()
, it returns false
for Android 8, true
for older version, using the same apk file.
I tried to find some mention of this on Google info about Android O, but without success.
Android Solutions
Solution 1 - Android
According to Network security configuration -
> Starting with Android 9 (API level 28), cleartext support is disabled > by default.
Also have a look at Android M and the war on cleartext traffic
Codelabs explanation from Google
Option 1 -
First try hitting the URL with "https://" instead of "http://"
Option 2 -
Create file res/xml/network_security_config.xml -
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<network-security-config>
<domain-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="true">
<domain includeSubdomains="true">api.example.com(to be adjusted)</domain>
</domain-config>
</network-security-config>
AndroidManifest.xml -
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest ...>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
<application
...
android:networkSecurityConfig="@xml/network_security_config"
...>
...
</application>
</manifest>
Option 3 -
android:usesCleartextTraffic Doc
AndroidManifest.xml -
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest ...>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
<application
...
android:usesCleartextTraffic="true"
...>
...
</application>
</manifest>
Also as @david.s' answer pointed out android:targetSandboxVersion
can be a problem too -
According to Manifest Docs -
> android:targetSandboxVersion
>
> The target sandbox for this app to use. The higher the sandbox version
> number, the higher the level of security. Its default value is 1; you
> can also set it to 2. Setting this attribute to 2 switches the app to
> a different SELinux sandbox. The following restrictions apply to a
> level 2 sandbox:
>
> - The default value of usesCleartextTraffic
in the Network Security Config is false.
> - Uid sharing is not permitted.
So Option 4 -
If you have android:targetSandboxVersion
in <manifest>
then reduce it to 1
AndroidManifest.xml -
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest android:targetSandboxVersion="1">
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
...
</manifest>
Solution 2 - Android
My problem in Android 9 was navigating on a webview over domains with http The solution from this answer
<application
android:networkSecurityConfig="@xml/network_security_config"
...>
and:
res/xml/network_security_config.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<network-security-config>
<base-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="true">
<trust-anchors>
<certificates src="system" />
</trust-anchors>
</base-config>
</network-security-config>
Solution 3 - Android
In the AndroidManifest I found this parameter:
android:networkSecurityConfig="@xml/network_security_config"
and @xml/network_security_config is defined in network_security_config.xml as:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<network-security-config>
<!--Set application-wide security config using base-config tag.-->
<base-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="false"/>
</network-security-config>
just I changed cleartextTrafficPermitted to true
Solution 4 - Android
You might only want to allow cleartext while debugging, but keep the security benefits of rejecting cleartext in production. This is useful for me because I test my app against a development server that does not support https. Here is how to enforce https in production, but allow cleartext in debug mode:
In build.gradle:
// Put this in your buildtypes debug section:
manifestPlaceholders = [usesCleartextTraffic:"true"]
// Put this in your buildtypes release section
manifestPlaceholders = [usesCleartextTraffic:"false"]
In the application tag in AndroidManifest.xml
android:usesCleartextTraffic="${usesCleartextTraffic}"
Solution 5 - Android
If possible change your url's from HTTP
to HTTPS
;
It works out!!!
Solution 6 - Android
Ok, that's ⇒⇒ NOT ⇐⇐ the thousands repeat of add it to your Manifest
, but an hint which based on this, but give you additional Benefit (and maybe some Background Info).
Following solution allow you to set the protocol (HTTP / HTTPS) per ENVIRONMENT.
This way you are able to use http
for your DEV-Environment, and https
for your PRODUCTION-Environment, without the need to change it all the time!
And this is needed, because generally you don't have an https-certificate for your local or dev environment, but it's a MUST-HAVE for production (and maybe for staging) environments.
Android has a kind of overwriting functionality for the src-Directory.
By default, you have
> /app/src/main
But you can add additional directories to overwrite your AndroidManifest.xml. Here is how it works:
- Create the Directory /app/src/debug
- Inside create the AndroidManifest.xml
Inside of this File, you don't have to put all the Rules inside, but only the ones you like to overwrite from your /app/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml
Here an Example how it looks like for the requested CLEARTEXT-Permission:
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.yourappname">
<application
android:usesCleartextTraffic="true"
android:name=".MainApplication"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
android:allowBackup="false"
android:theme="@style/AppTheme">
</application>
</manifest>
With this knowledge it's now easy as 1,2,3 for you to overload your Permissions depending on your debug | main | release Enviroment.
The big benefit on it... you don't have debug-stuff in your production-Manifest and you keep an straight and easy maintainable structure
Solution 7 - Android
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<network-security-config>
<domain-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="true">
<domain includeSubdomains="true">***Your URL(ex: 127.0.0.1)***</domain>
</domain-config>
</network-security-config>
In the suggestion provided above I was providing my URL as http://xyz.abc.com/mno/
I changed that to xyz.abc.com then it started working.
Solution 8 - Android
It could be useful for someone.
We recently had the same issue for Android 9, but we only needed to display some Urls within WebView, nothing very special. So adding android:usesCleartextTraffic="true"
to Manifest worked, but we didn't want to compromise security of the whole app for this.
So the fix was in changing links from http
to https
Solution 9 - Android
For React Native projects
It was already fixed on RN 0.59. You can find on upgrade diff from 0.58.6 to 0.59 You can apply it without upgrading you RN versionust follow the below steps:
Create files:
android/app/src/debug/res/xml/react_native_config.xml -
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<network-security-config>
<domain-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="true">
<domain includeSubdomains="false">localhost</domain>
<domain includeSubdomains="false">10.0.2.2</domain>
<domain includeSubdomains="false">10.0.3.2</domain>
</domain-config>
</network-security-config>
android/app/src/debug/AndroidManifest.xml -
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools">
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW"/>
<application tools:targetApi="28"
tools:ignore="GoogleAppIndexingWarning"
android:networkSecurityConfig="@xml/react_native_config" />
</manifest>
Check the accepted answer to know the root cause.
Solution 10 - Android
I have removed this line from the android manifest file which is already there
android:networkSecurityConfig="@xml/network_security_config"
and added
android:usesCleartextTraffic="true"
this in to application tag in manifest
<application
android:usesCleartextTraffic="true"
android:allowBackup="true"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:largeHeap="true"
android:supportsRtl="true"
android:theme="@style/AppTheme"
>
then this error Cleartext HTTP traffic to overlay.openstreetmap.nl not permitted is gone for me in android 9 and 10.I hope this will work for android 8 also if it is helped you don't forget to vote thank you
Solution 11 - Android
Adding ... android:usesCleartextTraffic="true" ... to your manifest file may appear to fix the problem but it opens a threat to data integrity.
For security reasons I used manifest placeholders with android:usesCleartextTraffic inside the manifest file (like in Option 3 of the accepted answer i.e @Hrishikesh Kadam's response) to only allow cleartext on debug environment.
Inside my build.gradle(:app) file, I added a manifest placeholder like this:
buildTypes {
release {
minifyEnabled false
proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android-optimize.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
}
debug {
manifestPlaceholders.cleartextTrafficPermitted ="true"
}
}
Note the placeholder name cleartextTrafficPermitted at this line above
manifestPlaceholders.cleartextTrafficPermitted ="true"
Then in my Android Manifest, I used the same placeholder ...
AndroidManifest.xml -
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest ...>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
<application
...
android:usesCleartextTraffic="${cleartextTrafficPermitted}"
...>
...
</application>
</manifest>
With that, cleartext traffic is only permitted under the debug environment.
Solution 12 - Android
Simple and Easiest Solution [Xamarin Form]
> For Android
- Goto
Android Project
, then Click onProperties
,
- Open
AssemblyInfo.cs
and paste this code right there: >[assembly: Application(UsesCleartextTraffic =true)]
> For iOS
Use NSAppTransportSecurity
:
You have to set the NSAllowsArbitraryLoads
key to YES
under NSAppTransportSecurity
dictionary in your info.plist
file.
<key>NSAppTransportSecurity</key>
<dict>
<key>NSAllowsArbitraryLoads</key>
<true/>
</dict>
Solution 13 - Android
Okay, I have figured this out. It is due to the Manifest parameter android:targetSandboxVersion="2"
, that I have added because we also have Instant App version - it should make sure than once user upgrades from Instant App to regular app, he will not loose his data with the transfer. However as the vague description suggest:
> Specifies the target sandbox this app wants to use. Higher sanbox versions will have increasing levels of security. > > The default value of this attribute is 1.
It obviously also adds new level of security policy, at least on Android 8.
Solution 14 - Android
To apply these various answers to Xamarin.Android
, you can use class and assembly level Attributes vs. manually editing the AndroidManifest.xml
Internet permission of course is needed (duh..):
[assembly: UsesPermission(Android.Manifest.Permission.Internet)]
Note: Typically assembly level attributes are added to your AssemblyInfo.cs
file, but any file, below the using
and above the namespace
works.
Then on your Application subclass (create one if needed), you can add NetworkSecurityConfig
with a reference to an Resources/xml/ZZZZ.xml
file:
#if DEBUG
[Application(AllowBackup = false, Debuggable = true, NetworkSecurityConfig = "@xml/network_security_config")]
#else
[Application(AllowBackup = true, Debuggable = false, NetworkSecurityConfig = "@xml/network_security_config"))]
#endif
public class App : Application
{
public App(IntPtr javaReference, Android.Runtime.JniHandleOwnership transfer) : base(javaReference, transfer) { }
public App() { }
public override void OnCreate()
{
base.OnCreate();
}
}
Create a file in the Resources/xml
folder (create the xml
folder if needed).
Example xml/network_security_config
file, adjust as needed (see other answers)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<network-security-config>
<domain-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="true">
<domain includeSubdomains="true">www.example.com</domain>
<domain includeSubdomains="true">notsecure.com</domain>
<domain includeSubdomains="false">xxx.xxx.xxx</domain>
</domain-config>
</network-security-config>
You can also use the UsesCleartextTraffic
parameter on the ApplicationAttribute
:
#if DEBUG
[Application(AllowBackup = false, Debuggable = true, UsesCleartextTraffic = true)]
#else
[Application(AllowBackup = true, Debuggable = false, UsesCleartextTraffic = true))]
#endif
Solution 15 - Android
Update December 2019 ionic - 4.7.1
<manifest xmlns:tools=“http://schemas.android.com/tools”>
<application android:usesCleartextTraffic=“true” tools:targetApi=“28”>
Please add above content in android manifest .xml file
Previous Versions of ionic
-
Make sure you have the following in your
config.xml
in Ionic Project:<edit-config file="app/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml" mode="merge" target="/manifest/application" xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"> <application android:networkSecurityConfig="@xml/network_security_config" /> <application android:usesCleartextTraffic="true" /> </edit-config>
-
Run ionic Cordova build android. It creates Android folder under Platforms
-
Open Android Studio and open the Android folder present in our project project-platforms-android. Leave it for few minutes so that it builds the gradle
-
After
gradle build
is finished we get some errors for includingminSdVersion
inmanifest.xml
. Now what we do is just remove<uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="19" />
frommanifest.xml
.
Make sure its removed from both the locations:
- app → manifests →
AndroidManifest.xml
. - CordovaLib → manifests →
AndroidManifest.xml
.
Now try to build the gradle again and now it builds successfully
-
Make sure you have the following in Application tag in App → manifest →
Androidmanifest.xml
:<application android:networkSecurityConfig="@xml/network_security_config" android:usesCleartextTraffic="true" >
-
Open
network_security_config
(app → res → xml →network_security_config.xml
).
Add the following code:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<network-security-config>
<domain-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="true">
<domain includeSubdomains="true">xxx.yyyy.com</domain>
</domain-config>
</network-security-config>
Here xxx.yyyy.com
is the link of your HTTP API. Make sure you don't include any Http before the URL.
Note: Now build the app using Android Studio (Build -- Build Bundle's/APK -- Build APK) and now you can use that App and it works fine in Android Pie. If you try to build app using ionic Cordova build android it overrides all these settings so make sure you use Android Studio to build the Project.
If you have any older versions of app installed, Uninstall them and give a try or else you will be left with some error:
> App not Installed
Solution 16 - Android
While the working answer, for me, was this by @PabloCegarra:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<network-security-config>
<base-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="true">
<trust-anchors>
<certificates src="system" />
</trust-anchors>
</base-config>
</network-security-config>
You may receive a security warning regarding the cleartextTrafficPermitted="true"
If you know the domains to 'white list' you should mix both accepted answer and the above one:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<network-security-config>
<base-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="false">
<trust-anchors>
<certificates src="system" />
</trust-anchors>
</base-config>
<domain-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="true">
<domain includeSubdomains="true">books.google.com</domain>
<trust-anchors>
<certificates src="system" />
</trust-anchors>
</domain-config>
</network-security-config>
This code is working for me, but my app needs to retrieve data from books.google.com only. By this way the security warning disappears.
Solution 17 - Android
I am also got the same "Cleartext HTTP traffic not permitted" error while developing my Application. I am using Retrofit2 for network calls in my application and I have two project environments(dev & production). My Production domain is having SSL certificate with HTTPS calls and dev won't have https. The configuration is added in the build flavors. But when I change to dev, this issue will trigger. So I have added below-solution for that.
I have added cleartext traffic in the manifest
android:usesCleartextTraffic="true"
Then I have added a connection spec in the retrofit configuration class OKHttp creation time.
.connectionSpecs(CollectionsKt.listOf(ConnectionSpec.MODERN_TLS, ConnectionSpec.CLEARTEXT))
Complete OkHttpClient creation is given below
OkHttpClient okHttpClient = new OkHttpClient.Builder()
.readTimeout(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
.connectTimeout(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
.cache(null)
.connectionSpecs(CollectionsKt.listOf(ConnectionSpec.MODERN_TLS, ConnectionSpec.CLEARTEXT))
.addInterceptor(new NetworkInterceptor(context))
.addInterceptor(createLoggingInterceptor())
.addInterceptor(createSessionExpiryInterceptor())
.addInterceptor(createContextHeaderInterceptor())
.build();
Solution 18 - Android
Create file - res / xml / network_security.xml
In network_security.xml ->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<network-security-config>
<domain-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="true">
<domain includeSubdomains="true">192.168.0.101</domain>
</domain-config>
</network-security-config>
Open AndroidManifests.xml :
android:usesCleartextTraffic="true" //Add this line in your manifests
<application
android:allowBackup="true"
android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
android:supportsRtl="true"
android:usesCleartextTraffic="true"
android:theme="@style/AppTheme">
Solution 19 - Android
cleartext support is disabled by default.Android in 9 and above
Try This one I hope It will work fine
1 Step:-> add inside android build gradle (Module:App)
useLibrary 'org.apache.http.legacy'
android {
compileSdkVersion 28
useLibrary 'org.apache.http.legacy'
}
Then 2 Step:-> manifest add inside manifest application tag
<application
android:networkSecurityConfig="@xml/network_security_config">//add drawable goto Step 4
// Step --->3 add to top this line
<uses-library
android:name="org.apache.http.legacy"
android:required="false" />
</application>
//Step 4-->> Create Drawable>>Xml file>>name as>> network_security_config.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<network-security-config>
<base-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="true">
<trust-anchors>
<certificates src="system" />
</trust-anchors>
</base-config>
</network-security-config>
Solution 20 - Android
Put following into your resources/android/xml/network_security_config.xml
:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<network-security-config>
<base-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="true" />
</network-security-config>
This solves Failed to load resource: net::ERR_CLEARTEXT_NOT_PERMITTED
problem on Android for Cordova / Ionic.
Solution 21 - Android
Just add android:usesCleartextTraffic="true" inside the
Solution 22 - Android
In my case that URL is not working in browser also.
I check with https://www.google.com/
webView.loadUrl("https://www.google.com/")
And it worked for me.
Solution 23 - Android
For Xamarin.Android developers make sure HttpClient implementation and SSL/TLS is set to Default.
It can be found under Andorid Options -> Advanced Android Options.
Solution 24 - Android
This is done for security reasons, you should always prefer to use HTTPS (HTTP Secure) where possible.
You can read more about it here
There are multiple solutions for this issue depending on your condition.
If you are trying to communicate with a first party service, IE: your own web server
Server side: You should add HTTPS support to that server and use HTTPS instead of HTTP. These days you can even do it for free using services like LetsEncrypt and others
Client side: If you are using the HttpURLConnection
from the java.net
package you can switch to HttpsURLConnection
of the java.net.ssl
package, it has a similar if not identical API, so the switch should be effortless.
If you are using a third party service, like Google, Facebook, a weather service, etc.
In case that the service you are communicating with supports HTTPS (which it most likely does) you can just change your request URL from http://abc.xyz
to https://abc.xyz
.
As a last resort, if the third party service that you want to communicate with does not support HTTPS or any other form of secure communication, you can use this answer, but again, this is not recommended as it defeats the purpose of this much needed security feature.
Solution 25 - Android
videoView can't open this video Online video
Create file res/xml/network_security_config.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<network-security-config>
<base-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="true">
<trust-anchors>
<certificates src="system" />
</trust-anchors>
</base-config>
</network-security-config>
New in the AndroidManifest.xml file under application:
android:networkSecurityConfig="@xml/network_security_config"
https://techprogrammingideas.blogspot.com/2021/02/android-code-for-displaying-video-with.html
https://youtu.be/90hWWAqfdUU
Solution 26 - Android
Upgrade to React Native 0.58.5 or higher version.
They have includeSubdomain
in their config files in RN 0.58.5.
In Rn 0.58.5 they have declared network_security_config
with their server domain. Network security configuration allows an app to permit cleartext traffic from a certain domain. So no need to put extra effort by declaring android:usesCleartextTraffic="true"
in the application tag of your manifest file. It will be resolved automatically after upgrading the RN Version.
Solution 27 - Android
After changed API version 9.0 getting the error Cleartext HTTP traffic to YOUR-API.DOMAIN.COM not permitted (targetSdkVersion="28"). in xamarin, xamarin.android and android studio.
Two steps to solve this error in xamarin, xamarin.android and android studio.
Step 1: Create file resources/xml/network_security_config.xml
In network_security_config.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<network-security-config>
<domain-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="true">
<domain includeSubdomains="true">mobapi.3detrack.in</domain>
</domain-config>
</network-security-config>
Step 2: update AndroidManifest.xml -
Add android:networkSecurityConfig="@xml/network_security_config" on application tag. e.g:
<application android:label="your App Name" android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:networkSecurityConfig="@xml/network_security_config">
Solution 28 - Android
adding this paramter in header resolved my issue in apiSauce React Native
"Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
Accept: "application/json"
Solution 29 - Android
If you are using ionic and getting this error during native http plugin, following fix needs to be done-
goto resources/android/xml/network_security_config.xml
Change it to-
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<network-security-config>
<domain-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="true">
<domain includeSubdomains="true">localhost</domain>
<domain includeSubdomains="true">api.example.com(to be adjusted)</domain>
</domain-config>
</network-security-config>
That worked for me!
Solution 30 - Android
> Cleartext is any transmitted or stored information that is not encrypted or meant to be encrypted.
When an app communicates with servers using a cleartext network traffic, such as HTTP (not https), it could raise the risk of hacking and tampering of content. Third parties can inject unauthorized data or leak information about the users. That is why developers are encouraged to secure traffic only, such as HTTPS. Here is the implementation and the reference of how to resolve this problem.
Solution 31 - Android
Try hitting the URL with "https://" instead of "http://"
Solution 32 - Android
I using Cordova 8 with cordova-plugin-whitelist 1.3.4 and it default configuration my app no access to internet and i only add a parameter in the manifest.xml -> android:usesCleartextTraffic="true"
The path of mainfest changed in Cordova 8: platform/android/app/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml.
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<manifest android:hardwareAccelerated="true" android:versionCode="10000" android:versionName="1.0.0" package="io.cordova.hellocordova" xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
<supports-screens android:anyDensity="true" android:largeScreens="true" android:normalScreens="true" android:resizeable="true" android:smallScreens="true" android:xlargeScreens="true" />
<application
android:hardwareAccelerated="true"
android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:supportsRtl="true"
android:usesCleartextTraffic="true">
<activity android:configChanges="orientation|keyboardHidden|keyboard|screenSize|locale|smallestScreenSize|screenLayout|uiMode" android:label="@string/activity_name" android:launchMode="singleTop" android:name="MainActivity" android:theme="@android:style/Theme.DeviceDefault.NoActionBar" android:windowSoftInputMode="adjustResize">
<intent-filter android:label="@string/launcher_name">
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
</application>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" />
</manifest>
this is a real stupid because it obvious that your app need access to internet....
Solution 33 - Android
i had same issue in my simple webview app because my url was http:// but when u turn it to https:// the error got solved.
Solution 34 - Android
We were faced with a very similar problem and it was a pain to figure it out. For those unlucky souls who will have to deal with this, here is what we did:
The ionic app was working fine in the browser (Chrome, and Firefox), was deployed to Apple’s App store, and was communicating fine with our API on AWS. Then we went for the Android build. In the emulator, our https API request would not even get sent out. On a physical device, https requests would not get sent out either (after deploying to “internal testing” on Google Play)
Ran our app in the emulator Opened chrome, typed “chrome://inspect”, waited, clicked link to emulator instance, and was able to look at the network tab. The requests would quickly cycle from (pending) to (cancelled), without being sent out to the server.
Looked all over stackoverflow and the main advice was to disable https using the cleartextPermitted workaournd which is a terrible idea.
The other common advice is to use native http, but what’s the point of using ionic if we have to have 2 code bases, and I wanted to keep my http interceptors.
Added a network_security_config.xml file (which is probably not strictly necessary, but it removes a compilation warning in Android Studio.)
Checked the SSL certificate on our servers by clicking on the lock icon in a browser. Looked fine. (perhaps because it really wasn’t, but I there was a manual override that I had added long ago and forgotten about). lots of other tail-chasing…
Finally used sslshopper’s tool to verify our SSL cert: https://www.sslshopper.com/ssl-checker.html
Turns out that while our cert was ok, the chain of certs was not. This will show up as a red broken arrow in their diagnostics.
Basically, you have to take your SSL cert and create a bundle, by appending the SSL certs of the organization that provided your cert, and appending any other SSL certs that certify the certifier, until the whole chain is clean. We had used a provided bundle, but it was not going sufficiently up through the chain.
Fix the SSL chain:
cat your-purchased-cert-site-com.crt > your-site.bundle.crt
cat other-org-cert-sectigoRSA-bla-bla-bla.crt >> your-site.bundle.crt
cat another-org-cert-USERTrust-bla-bla-bla.crt >> your-site.bundle.crt
cat some-final-high-level-org-cert.crt >> your-site.bundle.crt
Then, in our case, for nginx on ubuntu:
put your-site.bundle.crt where it can be used. (in our case, /var/ssl)
update /etc/nginx/sites-available/site-name.conf:
ssl_certificate /var/ssl/your-site.bundle.crt
ssl_certificate /var/ssl/your-private-key.key
and restart your web server (in our case nginx: sudo systemctl restart nginx)
check it with sslshopper’s checker, you should see green arrows all the way.
started our emulator, and the API calls went right through.
Solution 35 - Android
Check that the domain is the right one in your network_security_config.xml
.
In my case I used a command --external
with ionic cordova
which changed the domain.
SOLUTION 1
Remove the --external
SOLUTION 2
Edit your domain in network_security_config.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<network-security-config>
<domain-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="true">
<domain includeSubdomains="true">
YOUR_DOMAIN (ex: localhost)
</domain>
</domain-config>
</network-security-config>
Solution 36 - Android
Oneliner to solve your problem. I assume you will store your URL in myURL string. Add this line and you are done. myURL = myURL.replace("http", "https");